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Xylanase

February 15, 2024

Endo-1,4-β-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8, systematic name 4-β-D-xylan xylanohydrolase) is any of a class of enzymes that degrade the linear polysaccharide xylan into xylose,[1] thus breaking down hemicellulose, one of the major components of plant cell walls:

Endo-1,4-β-xylanase
Identifiers
EC no.3.2.1.8
CAS no.9025-57-4
Databases
IntEnzIntEnz view
BRENDABRENDA entry
ExPASyNiceZyme view
KEGGKEGG entry
MetaCycmetabolic pathway
PRIAMprofile
PDB structuresRCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene OntologyAmiGO / QuickGO
Search
PMCarticles
PubMedarticles
NCBIproteins
Endohydrolysis of (1→4)-β-D-xylosidic linkages in xylans

Xylanase plays a major role in micro-organisms thriving on plant sources for the degradation of plant matter into usable nutrients. Xylanases are produced by fungi, bacteria, yeast, marine algae, protozoans, snails, crustaceans, insect, seeds, etc.;[2] mammals do not produce xylanases. However, the principal commercial source of xylanases is filamentous fungi.[2]

Commercial applications for xylanase include the chlorine-free bleaching of wood pulp prior to the papermaking process, and the increased digestibility of silage (in this aspect, it is also used for fermentative composting).[3]

Apart from its use in the pulp and paper industry, xylanases are also used as food additives to poultry;[4] in wheat flour for improving dough handling and quality of baked products ; for the extraction of coffee, plant oils, and starch; in the improvement of nutritional properties of agricultural silage and grain feed; and in combination with pectinase and cellulase for clarification of fruit juices and degumming of plant fiber sources such as flax, hemp, jute, and ramie. A good quantity of scientific literature is available on key features of xylanase enzymes in biotechnology ranging from their screening in microbial sources to production methods, characterization, purification and applications in commercial sector.[1][2][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] High resilience to heating is required for some applications of xylanase, which can be achieved through selection of suitable microbial enzymes[4] or by cyclization of the termini by SpyTag/SpyCatcher reaction.[14]

Additionally, xylanase is the key ingredient in the dough conditioners s500 and us500 manufactured by Puratos [nl].[15] These enzymes are used to improve the dough's workability and absorption of water.[15]

In the future, xylanase may be used for the production of biofuel from unusable plant material.[16]

Synonyms edit

Endo-(1→4)-β-xylan 4-xylanohydrolase, endo-1,4-xylanase, endo-1,4-β-xylanase, β-1,4-xylanase, endo-1,4-β-D-xylanase, 1,4-β-xylan xylanohydrolase, β-xylanase, β-1,4-xylan xylanohydrolase, β-D-xylanase

References edit

  1. ^ a b Beg QK, Kapoor M, Mahajan L, Hoondal GS (August 2001). "Microbial xylanases and their industrial applications: a review". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 56 (3–4): 326–338. doi:10.1007/s002530100704. PMID 11548999. S2CID 21581967.
  2. ^ a b c Polizeli ML, Rizzatti AC, Monti R, Terenzi HF, Jorge JA, Amorim DS (June 2005). "Xylanases from fungi: properties and industrial applications". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 67 (5): 577–591. doi:10.1007/s00253-005-1904-7. PMID 15944805. S2CID 22956.
  3. ^ Gulzar, Production and partial purification of Xylanase from Trichoderma longibrachiatum. Published in international conference on biotechnology and neurosciences. CUSAT , 2004.P33[verification needed]
  4. ^ a b Baker JT, Duarte ME, Holanda DM, Kim SW (February 2021). "Friend or Foe? Impacts of Dietary Xylans, Xylooligosaccharides, and Xylanases on Intestinal Health and Growth Performance of Monogastric Animals". Animals. 11 (3): 609. doi:10.3390/ani11030609. PMC 7996850. PMID 33652614.
  5. ^ Subramaniyan S, Prema P (2002). "Biotechnology of microbial xylanases: enzymology, molecular biology, and application". Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 22 (1): 33–64. doi:10.1080/07388550290789450. PMID 11958335. S2CID 13386317.
  6. ^ Kulkarni N, Shendye A, Rao M (July 1999). "Molecular and biotechnological aspects of xylanases". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 23 (4): 411–456. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.1999.tb00407.x. PMID 10422261.
  7. ^ Ahmed S, Riaz S, Jamil A (August 2009). "Molecular cloning of fungal xylanases: an overview". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 84 (1): 19–35. doi:10.1007/s00253-009-2079-4. PMID 19568746. S2CID 8548871.
  8. ^ Sá-Pereira P, Paveia H, Costa-Ferreira M, Aires-Barros M (July 2003). "A new look at xylanases: an overview of purification strategies". Molecular Biotechnology. 24 (3): 257–281. doi:10.1385/MB:24:3:257. PMID 12777693. S2CID 34083448.
  9. ^ Alves-Prado HF, Pavezzi FC, Leite RS, de Oliveira VM, Sette LD, Dasilva R (May 2010). "Screening and production study of microbial xylanase producers from Brazilian Cerrado". Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 161 (1–8): 333–346. doi:10.1007/s12010-009-8823-5. PMID 19898784. S2CID 8378197.
  10. ^ Prade RA (1996). "Xylanases: from biology to biotechnology". Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Reviews. 13: 101–131. doi:10.1016/S0140-6701(97)80292-5. PMID 8948110.
  11. ^ Sunna A, Antranikian G (1997). "Xylanolytic enzymes from fungi and bacteria". Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 17 (1): 39–67. doi:10.3109/07388559709146606. PMID 9118232.
  12. ^ Chávez R, Bull P, Eyzaguirre J (June 2006). "The xylanolytic enzyme system from the genus Penicillium". Journal of Biotechnology. 123 (4): 413–433. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.12.036. hdl:10533/177866. PMID 16569456.
  13. ^ Geiser E, Wierckx N, Zimmermann M, Blank LM (July 2013). "Identification of an endo-1,4-beta-xylanase of Ustilago maydis". BMC Biotechnology. 13: 59. doi:10.1186/1472-6750-13-59. PMC 3737115. PMID 23889751.
  14. ^ Gilbert C, Howarth M, Harwood CR, Ellis T (June 2017). "Extracellular Self-Assembly of Functional and Tunable Protein Conjugates from Bacillus subtilis". ACS Synthetic Biology. 6 (6): 957–967. doi:10.1021/acssynbio.6b00292. hdl:10044/1/45032. PMID 28230977.
  15. ^ a b . Archived from the original on July 19, 2006. Retrieved March 29, 2006.[full citation needed]
  16. ^ Lee CC, Wong DW, Robertson GH (January 2005). "Cloning and characterization of the xyn11A gene from Lentinula edodes". The Protein Journal. 24 (1): 21–26. doi:10.1007/s10930-004-0602-0. PMID 15756814. S2CID 5823517.

Further reading edit

  • Dashek WV (1997). "Xylanase". Methods in Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. CRC Press. pp. 313–5. ISBN 0-8493-9480-5. Xylans can by hydrolyzed by β-xylanase
  • Risk Assessment Summary, CEPA 1999.
  • Risk Assessment Summary, CEPA 1999.
  • Risk Assessment Summary, CEPA 1999.
  • Risk Assessment Summary, CEPA 1999. Trichoderma longibrachiatum RM4-100

February 15, 2024
xylanase, endo, xylanase, systematic, name, xylan, xylanohydrolase, class, enzymes, that, degrade, linear, polysaccharide, xylan, into, xylose, thus, breaking, down, hemicellulose, major, components, plant, cell, walls, endo, xylanaseidentifiersec, 8cas, 9025,. Endo 1 4 b xylanase EC 3 2 1 8 systematic name 4 b D xylan xylanohydrolase is any of a class of enzymes that degrade the linear polysaccharide xylan into xylose 1 thus breaking down hemicellulose one of the major components of plant cell walls Endo 1 4 b xylanaseIdentifiersEC no 3 2 1 8CAS no 9025 57 4DatabasesIntEnzIntEnz viewBRENDABRENDA entryExPASyNiceZyme viewKEGGKEGG entryMetaCycmetabolic pathwayPRIAMprofilePDB structuresRCSB PDB PDBe PDBsumGene OntologyAmiGO QuickGOSearchPMCarticlesPubMedarticlesNCBIproteins Endohydrolysis of 1 4 b D xylosidic linkages in xylansXylanase plays a major role in micro organisms thriving on plant sources for the degradation of plant matter into usable nutrients Xylanases are produced by fungi bacteria yeast marine algae protozoans snails crustaceans insect seeds etc 2 mammals do not produce xylanases However the principal commercial source of xylanases is filamentous fungi 2 Commercial applications for xylanase include the chlorine free bleaching of wood pulp prior to the papermaking process and the increased digestibility of silage in this aspect it is also used for fermentative composting 3 Apart from its use in the pulp and paper industry xylanases are also used as food additives to poultry 4 in wheat flour for improving dough handling and quality of baked products 1 for the extraction of coffee plant oils and starch in the improvement of nutritional properties of agricultural silage and grain feed and in combination with pectinase and cellulase for clarification of fruit juices and degumming of plant fiber sources such as flax hemp jute and ramie A good quantity of scientific literature is available on key features of xylanase enzymes in biotechnology ranging from their screening in microbial sources to production methods characterization purification and applications in commercial sector 1 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 High resilience to heating is required for some applications of xylanase which can be achieved through selection of suitable microbial enzymes 4 or by cyclization of the termini by SpyTag SpyCatcher reaction 14 Additionally xylanase is the key ingredient in the dough conditioners s500 and us500 manufactured by Puratos nl 15 These enzymes are used to improve the dough s workability and absorption of water 15 In the future xylanase may be used for the production of biofuel from unusable plant material 16 Synonyms editEndo 1 4 b xylan 4 xylanohydrolase endo 1 4 xylanase endo 1 4 b xylanase b 1 4 xylanase endo 1 4 b D xylanase 1 4 b xylan xylanohydrolase b xylanase b 1 4 xylan xylanohydrolase b D xylanaseReferences edit a b Beg QK Kapoor M Mahajan L Hoondal GS August 2001 Microbial xylanases and their industrial applications a review Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 56 3 4 326 338 doi 10 1007 s002530100704 PMID 11548999 S2CID 21581967 a b c Polizeli ML Rizzatti AC Monti R Terenzi HF Jorge JA Amorim DS June 2005 Xylanases from fungi properties and industrial applications Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 67 5 577 591 doi 10 1007 s00253 005 1904 7 PMID 15944805 S2CID 22956 Gulzar Production and partial purification of Xylanase from Trichoderma longibrachiatum Published in international conference on biotechnology and neurosciences CUSAT 2004 P33 verification needed a b Baker JT Duarte ME Holanda DM Kim SW February 2021 Friend or Foe Impacts of Dietary Xylans Xylooligosaccharides and Xylanases on Intestinal Health and Growth Performance of Monogastric Animals Animals 11 3 609 doi 10 3390 ani11030609 PMC 7996850 PMID 33652614 Subramaniyan S Prema P 2002 Biotechnology of microbial xylanases enzymology molecular biology and application Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 22 1 33 64 doi 10 1080 07388550290789450 PMID 11958335 S2CID 13386317 Kulkarni N Shendye A Rao M July 1999 Molecular and biotechnological aspects of xylanases FEMS Microbiology Reviews 23 4 411 456 doi 10 1111 j 1574 6976 1999 tb00407 x PMID 10422261 Ahmed S Riaz S Jamil A August 2009 Molecular cloning of fungal xylanases an overview Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 84 1 19 35 doi 10 1007 s00253 009 2079 4 PMID 19568746 S2CID 8548871 Sa Pereira P Paveia H Costa Ferreira M Aires Barros M July 2003 A new look at xylanases an overview of purification strategies Molecular Biotechnology 24 3 257 281 doi 10 1385 MB 24 3 257 PMID 12777693 S2CID 34083448 Alves Prado HF Pavezzi FC Leite RS de Oliveira VM Sette LD Dasilva R May 2010 Screening and production study of microbial xylanase producers from Brazilian Cerrado Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 161 1 8 333 346 doi 10 1007 s12010 009 8823 5 PMID 19898784 S2CID 8378197 Prade RA 1996 Xylanases from biology to biotechnology Biotechnology amp Genetic Engineering Reviews 13 101 131 doi 10 1016 S0140 6701 97 80292 5 PMID 8948110 Sunna A Antranikian G 1997 Xylanolytic enzymes from fungi and bacteria Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 17 1 39 67 doi 10 3109 07388559709146606 PMID 9118232 Chavez R Bull P Eyzaguirre J June 2006 The xylanolytic enzyme system from the genus Penicillium Journal of Biotechnology 123 4 413 433 doi 10 1016 j jbiotec 2005 12 036 hdl 10533 177866 PMID 16569456 Geiser E Wierckx N Zimmermann M Blank LM July 2013 Identification of an endo 1 4 beta xylanase of Ustilago maydis BMC Biotechnology 13 59 doi 10 1186 1472 6750 13 59 PMC 3737115 PMID 23889751 Gilbert C Howarth M Harwood CR Ellis T June 2017 Extracellular Self Assembly of Functional and Tunable Protein Conjugates from Bacillus subtilis ACS Synthetic Biology 6 6 957 967 doi 10 1021 acssynbio 6b00292 hdl 10044 1 45032 PMID 28230977 a b Enzymes Archived from the original on July 19 2006 Retrieved March 29 2006 full citation needed Lee CC Wong DW Robertson GH January 2005 Cloning and characterization of the xyn11A gene from Lentinula edodes The Protein Journal 24 1 21 26 doi 10 1007 s10930 004 0602 0 PMID 15756814 S2CID 5823517 Marcia Wood November 29 2005 Shiitake Mushrooms Secret May Benefit Earth Friendly Fuels Agricultural Research Service Further reading editDashek WV 1997 Xylanase Methods in Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology CRC Press pp 313 5 ISBN 0 8493 9480 5 Xylans can by hydrolyzed by b xylanase Risk Assessment Summary CEPA 1999 Trichoderma reesei 1391A Risk Assessment Summary CEPA 1999 Trichoderma reesei P345A Risk Assessment Summary CEPA 1999 Trichoderma reesei P210A Risk Assessment Summary CEPA 1999 Trichoderma longibrachiatum RM4 100 Portal nbsp Biology Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Xylanase amp oldid 1193486924, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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