Paryushana is an annual holy event for Jains and is usually celebrated in August or September in Hindi calendar (indian calendar) Bhadrapad Month's Shukla Paksha.[1][2] Jains increase their level of spiritual intensity often using fasting and prayer/meditation to help.[3][4] The five main vows are emphasized during this time.[5] There are no set rules, and followers are encouraged to practice according to their ability and desires.
Normally,Śvētāmbaras refer to it as Paryushana. The duration of Paryushana is for 8 days for Jains. The festival ends with the celebration of Samvatsari (forgiveness day).
Paryushana means "abiding and coming together". It is a time when the Jains take on vows of study and fasting.[6][7]
Observancesedit
The Digambara Jains recite the ten chapters of the Jain text, Tattvartha Sutra on ten days of Das Lakshan Parva. The sixth day of the festival is celebrated as Sugandh Dashami by the Digambar Community. Digambaras celebrate Ananta Chaturdashi on which a special worship is done. Many towns have a procession leading to the main Jain temple. Ananta Chaturdashi marks the day when Lord Vasupujya, the 12th Jain Tirthankar, attained Moksha (nirvana).[citation needed]
At the conclusion of the festival, followers request forgiveness from others for any offenses committed during the last year. Forgiveness is asked by saying Micchami Dukkadam or Uttam Kshama to others, which means, "If I have offended you in any way, knowingly or unknowingly, in thought, word or action, then I seek your forgiveness."
During the eight-day festival, the ŚvētāmbaraMurtipujakas recite the Kalpa Sūtra, which includes a recitation of the section on the birth of Mahavira on the fifth day. Some Śvētāmbara Sthānakavāsīs recite the Antagada Sutra, which details the life of 90 great men and women who attained moksha during the eras of the 22nd Tirthankar Neminatha and 24th Tirthankar Mahavira.[4]
During Paryushana, Jains observe a fast. The span of the fast can last from a day to 30 days or even more. In both Digambara and Śvētāmbara, śrāvakas (laypersons) do a fast by having only boiled water which can be consumed between sunrise and sunset. [8]
At the conclusion of the festival, śrāvakas request each other for forgiveness for all offenses committed during the last year.[9][8] This occurs on the Paryusha day for Śvētāmbaras and on the Prathama (first day) of the month of Ashvin Krashna for Digambaras. Forgiveness is asked by saying Micchami Dukkadam or Uttam Kshama to each other. It means "If I have caused you offence in any way, knowingly or unknowingly, in thought word or deed, then I seek your forgiveness".[10]
Dateedit
The date for the Paryushana festival is Bhadra shukla panchami. For this duration, Paryushana must be initiated by panchami (the fifth day) of the shuklapaksha phase of Bhadra. The last day is called Samvatsari, short for Samvatsari Pratikramana. Because of computational and other differences, there can be some minor differences among various sects. It comes at the time when the wandering monks take up temporary residence for the monsoon period or "cāturmāsa" "four-month". Because at this time the monks have settled in the town for a longer duration, it is time for the householders to have an annual renewal of the faith by listening to the statement of the Dharma and by meditation and vratas (self-control). Digambara Jains starting a 10-day period from Bhadra shukla panchami, during which the dashalakshana vrata is undertaken. Śvētāmbara celebrate an eight-day festival that ends with Bhadrapada shukla chaturthi.[9]
It is believed that the devas (heavenly beings) do an eight-part puja (worship) of the tirthankaras, which takes eight days. Śvētāmbara Jains celebrate this period as Paryushana.
Closureedit
In some Indian states, slaughter houses are kept closed for 1–8 days during the Paryushana festival. It is done in states like Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, that have large population of the Jain community.[11] On 14 March 2008, The Supreme Court of India held that the ban on slaughter houses in Ahmedabad during Paryushan festival is legal. The court noted:[2]
In a multi-cultural country like ours with such diversity, one should not be over sensitive and over touchy about a short restriction when it is being done out of respect for the sentiments of a particular section of society. It has been stated above that the great Emperor Akbar himself used to remain a vegetarian for a few days every week out of respect for the vegetarian section of the Indian society and out of respect for his Hindu wife. We too should have similar respect for the sentiments for others, even if they are a minority sect. (para 74)
See alsoedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Paryushana.
^Dalal 2010, p. 164. sfn error: no target: CITEREFDalal2010 (help)
^ abKatju, Justice Markandey (14 March 2008), Supreme Court Judgement regarding Closure of Slaughter houses during Paryushan, The Supreme Court of India[permanent dead link]
^Roy, Christian (2005), Traditional festivals: a multicultural encyclopedia, Volume 1, ABC-CLIO, p. 356, ISBN1-57607-089-1
^ abDhanpal Jain (4 September 2008), "Paryushan Parva, festival of forgiveness", The Times of India
^Melton 2011, p. 673. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMelton2011 (help)
^Cort 1995, p. 160. sfn error: no target: CITEREFCort1995 (help)
^"Jain festival of Paryushan finds many admirers", The Times of India, 1 September 2016
^ ab, The Hindu, 13 September 2007, archived from the original on 7 November 2012
Jain, Champat Rai (1917), Ratnakaranda Sravakachar of Acharya Samantabhadra
Jaina (1992), Pratikraman
Nirvana Sagar (1986), Pratikramana-sutra
External linksedit
Paryuṣaṇ on JAINpedia
Daśa-lakṣaṇa-parvan on JAINpedia
Paryushan Pravachan by Jain Muni Rashtrasant Pujya Namramuni MS 9 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
January 01, 1970
paryushana, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, require, copy, editing, grammar, style, cohesion, tone, spelling, assist, editing, september,. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article may require copy editing for grammar style cohesion tone or spelling You can assist by editing it September 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message The neutrality of this article is disputed Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met September 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message Paryushana is an annual holy event for Jains and is usually celebrated in August or September in Hindi calendar indian calendar Bhadrapad Month s Shukla Paksha 1 2 Jains increase their level of spiritual intensity often using fasting and prayer meditation to help 3 4 The five main vows are emphasized during this time 5 There are no set rules and followers are encouraged to practice according to their ability and desires Paryushan ParvaParyushan Parva celebrations Jain Center of America New York CityAlso calledParyushan ParvaObserved byJainsCelebrations8 daysObservancesfasting going to the Jain TempleRelated toSamvatsari Shwtemabar Normally Svetambaras refer to it as Paryushana The duration of Paryushana is for 8 days for Jains The festival ends with the celebration of Samvatsari forgiveness day Contents 1 Meaning 2 Observances 2 1 Fasting 2 2 Requesting forgiveness 3 Date 4 Closure 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Citations 6 2 Sources 7 External linksMeaning editParyushana means abiding and coming together It is a time when the Jains take on vows of study and fasting 6 7 Observances edit nbsp The Digambara Jains recite the ten chapters of the Jain text Tattvartha Sutra on ten days of Das Lakshan Parva The sixth day of the festival is celebrated as Sugandh Dashami by the Digambar Community Digambaras celebrate Ananta Chaturdashi on which a special worship is done Many towns have a procession leading to the main Jain temple Ananta Chaturdashi marks the day when Lord Vasupujya the 12th Jain Tirthankar attained Moksha nirvana citation needed At the conclusion of the festival followers request forgiveness from others for any offenses committed during the last year Forgiveness is asked by saying Micchami Dukkadam or Uttam Kshama to others which means If I have offended you in any way knowingly or unknowingly in thought word or action then I seek your forgiveness During the eight day festival the Svetambara Murtipujakas recite the Kalpa Sutra which includes a recitation of the section on the birth of Mahavira on the fifth day Some Svetambara Sthanakavasis recite the Antagada Sutra which details the life of 90 great men and women who attained moksha during the eras of the 22nd Tirthankar Neminatha and 24th Tirthankar Mahavira 4 Fasting edit Main article Fasting in Jainism During Paryushana Jains observe a fast The span of the fast can last from a day to 30 days or even more In both Digambara and Svetambara sravakas laypersons do a fast by having only boiled water which can be consumed between sunrise and sunset 8 Requesting forgiveness edit See also Micchami Dukkadam and Kshamavani At the conclusion of the festival sravakas request each other for forgiveness for all offenses committed during the last year 9 8 This occurs on the Paryusha day for Svetambaras and on the Prathama first day of the month of Ashvin Krashna for Digambaras Forgiveness is asked by saying Micchami Dukkadam or Uttam Kshama to each other It means If I have caused you offence in any way knowingly or unknowingly in thought word or deed then I seek your forgiveness 10 Date editThe date for the Paryushana festival is Bhadra shukla panchami For this duration Paryushana must be initiated by panchami the fifth day of the shukla paksha phase of Bhadra The last day is called Samvatsari short for Samvatsari Pratikramana Because of computational and other differences there can be some minor differences among various sects It comes at the time when the wandering monks take up temporary residence for the monsoon period or caturmasa four month Because at this time the monks have settled in the town for a longer duration it is time for the householders to have an annual renewal of the faith by listening to the statement of the Dharma and by meditation and vratas self control Digambara Jains starting a 10 day period from Bhadra shukla panchami during which the dashalakshana vrata is undertaken Svetambara celebrate an eight day festival that ends with Bhadrapada shukla chaturthi 9 It is believed that the devas heavenly beings do an eight part puja worship of the tirthankaras which takes eight days Svetambara Jains celebrate this period as Paryushana Closure editIn some Indian states slaughter houses are kept closed for 1 8 days during the Paryushana festival It is done in states like Rajasthan Gujarat Maharashtra that have large population of the Jain community 11 On 14 March 2008 The Supreme Court of India held that the ban on slaughter houses in Ahmedabad during Paryushan festival is legal The court noted 2 In a multi cultural country like ours with such diversity one should not be over sensitive and over touchy about a short restriction when it is being done out of respect for the sentiments of a particular section of society It has been stated above that the great Emperor Akbar himself used to remain a vegetarian for a few days every week out of respect for the vegetarian section of the Indian society and out of respect for his Hindu wife We too should have similar respect for the sentiments for others even if they are a minority sect para 74 See also edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Paryushana Mahavir Janma Kalyanak Ratnatraya God in Jainism Jain cosmology Sallekhana Jain festivalReferences editCitations edit Dalal 2010 p 164 sfn error no target CITEREFDalal2010 help a b Katju Justice Markandey 14 March 2008 Supreme Court Judgement regarding Closure of Slaughter houses during Paryushan The Supreme Court of India permanent dead link Roy Christian 2005 Traditional festivals a multicultural encyclopedia Volume 1 ABC CLIO p 356 ISBN 1 57607 089 1 a b Dhanpal Jain 4 September 2008 Paryushan Parva festival of forgiveness The Times of India Melton 2011 p 673 sfn error no target CITEREFMelton2011 help Cort 1995 p 160 sfn error no target CITEREFCort1995 help Jain festival of Paryushan finds many admirers The Times of India 1 September 2016 a b Jains pray for peace brotherhood The Hindu 13 September 2007 archived from the original on 7 November 2012 a b Doniger 1999 p 555 Preeti Srivastav 31 August 2008 Request for Forgiveness The Indian Express Archived from the original on 1 October 2012 POKHAREL KRISHNA 11 September 2015 Why Mumbai Is Banning Meat This Weekend Wall Street Journal Retrieved 11 September 2015 Sources edit Doniger Wendy ed 1999 Encyclopedia of World Religions Merriam Webster ISBN 0 87779 044 2 Jain Champat Rai 1917 Ratnakaranda Sravakachar of Acharya Samantabhadra Jaina 1992 Pratikraman Nirvana Sagar 1986 Pratikramana sutraExternal links editParyuṣaṇ on JAINpedia Dasa lakṣaṇa parvan on JAINpedia Paryushan Pravachan by Jain Muni Rashtrasant Pujya Namramuni MS Archived 9 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Paryushana amp oldid 1220466275, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
