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Champat Rai Jain

May 01, 2023

Champat Rai Jain (6 August 1867–2 June 1942) was a Digambara Jain born in Delhi and who studied and practised law in England. He became an influential Jainism scholar and comparative religion writer between 1910s and 1930s who translated and interpreted Digambara texts. In early 1920s, he became religiously active in India and published essays and articles defending Jainism against misrepresentations by colonial era Christian missionaries, contrasting Jainism and Christianity. He founded Akhil Bharatvarsiya Digambara Jain Parisad in 1923 with the aim of activist reforms and uniting the south Indian and north Indian Digambara community. He visited various European countries to give lectures on Jainism. He was conferred with the title Vidya-Varidhi (lit. Ocean of Wisdom) by Bharata Dharma Mahamandal (The India-Religious Association).

Vidya-Varidhi

Champat Rai Jain
Born(1867-08-06)6 August 1867
Delhi, India
Died2 June 1942(1942-06-02) (aged 74)
India
Pen nameC.R. Jain
OccupationBarrister
LanguageEnglish, Hindi, Urdu
SubjectJainism, Comparative religion
Notable works"The Key of Knowledge", "The Practical Dharma", "Jainism Christianity and Science"
Notable awardsJain Darshan Diwakar

Life

Champat Rai Jain was born on 6 August 1867 in Delhi, India.[1] He was married at the age of 13.[1] In 1892, he went to England to study law, and became a barrister.[2]

Champat Rai Jain was a Digambara, whose writings represent that sect's propaganda with his personal interpretations, according to Robert Williams.[3] Jain became a part of a Digambara group presenting Digambara point of view in the 1920s and 1930s such as with Jagadarlal Jaini, Nathuram Premi, Jugalkishor Mukhtar and Hiralal Jain.[3] Jain was the founder of the Jaina mission in London.[4] He died on 2 June 1942. He was a barrister-at-law, orator, writer, and attempted to explain Jainism with modern age psychology and science terminology.[5][6][7]

According to Padmanabh Jaini, the colonial-era Champat Rai Jain was an apologist of Jainism, defended the Jain doctrines that were criticized by Christian missionaries, and authored the first Jaina text aimed at the Christian world when Christian missionaries were extremely frustrated at Jain people they understood to have "no pagan gods" and refused to convert to Christianity.[4] He was among the early 20th-century Jain activists who participated in the colonial discussion about whether Jains are culturally Hindus or a minority community.[8]

He became a part of Digambara activists who sought to energise and reform Digambara community. He participated in several Digambara societies, and founded Akhil Bharatvarsiya Digambara Jain Parisad in 1923 with the aim of activist reforms, reducing caste divisions within Jain society, and uniting the south Indian and north Indian Digambara community.[8]

Lectures

Champat Rai Jain attempted to present Jainism as a scientific religion:

Jainism is a science, and not a code of arbitrary rules and capricious commandments. It does not claim to derive its authority from any non-human source, but is, science-like, founded on the knowledge of those Great Ones who have attained perfection with its aid. Scientific validity can be claimed neither by dogmatism nor mysticism; and it is unnecessary to add that nothing but science and scientific thought can be relied upon to produce immediate, certain and unvarying results.

— Champat Rai Jain, Essays and Addresses[9]
  • Jaina Doctrine - Lecture delivered before the "Association des Amis de l'Orient" (Paris) on 28 November 1926[10]
  • Jainism And Its Power To Stop Human Warfare- Lecture delivered before "Le Trait d'Union" Society at Nice[11]
  • Religion and Comparative Religion- Lecture delivered at Genova, Italy (6 January 1927)[12]
  • Ahimsa as the Key to World Peace at the World Fellowship of Faiths (1933)[13]

Publications

Champat Rai Jain wrote in three main languages of his time: English, Hindi, Urdu.[14]

According to Williams, the translations of Champat Rai Jain were of "no high merit", he added his own interpretation often "disfiguring the sense of the original" Jain texts about monastic life and doctrines for Jain laypeople.[3]

  • The Key of Knowledge (1915, 1919, 1928)[15]
  • The Householder's Dharma (1917): English translation of the Jain text, Ratnakaranda śrāvakācāra.[16]
  • The Practical Dharma (1929)- Second edition of "The Practical Path" (1917)[17]
  • Confluence of Opposites (1921)[18]
  • The Jain Law (1926) [19][20]
  • Nyaya- The Science of Thought (1916, 1924)[21]
  • Jainism, Christianity and Science (Allahabad, 1930)[4]
  • The Lifting Of The Vell or The Gems Of Islam (1931)[22]
  • The Practical Dharma (1929)
  • Risabha Deva- The Founder of Jainism (1929, 1935)[23]
  • Sannyasa Dharma (1926)
  • Sacred Philosophy. 1920.
Essays and Addresses
  • What is Jainism (Essays and Addresses- I)
  • Jainism and World Problems (Essays and Addresses- II)
  • The Change of Heart (Essays and Addresses- III)

Hindi

  • Jain Law
  • Sanatana Jain Dharma

Urdu

  • Jawahrat-e-Islam

Gallery

  •  

    Confluence of opposites (1921) book authored by C.R. Jain

  •  

    The Householder's Dharma

  •  

    Jainism Christianity and Science (1930)

  •  

    "Risabha Deva-The Founder Of Jainism" book authored by C.R. Jain

  •  

    Book cover of "The Key of Knowledge"

"Key of Knowledge", a book authored by Champat Rai Jain, was published in 1915.[18]

Reception

Vijay K. Jain, a modern Jainism scholar in the Preface of his book From IIM-Ahmedabad To Happiness wrote:[6]

Many illuminated works and teachings of great thinkers and sages of the past have repeatedly told us that we need to be able to distinguish between valuable gems and valueless stones, both of which are scattered along our way. One such valuable gem that I could lay my hands on, about a decade ago, was that amazingly comprehensive yet precise treatise The Key of Knowledge, by Champat Rai Jain. The book, first published in 1915, true to its title, has timeless pearls of wisdom in each of its 900-plus pages; one has only to have patience, and develop appreciation and understanding to pick them up. No other work that I know of treats of the great issues that confront humanity with the same simplicity, charm, ease, authority and freedom. As could be expected from a Barrister-at-Law of that era, he was a brilliant grammarian and logician; but more than that, he was a great philosopher.

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b Kumar 1996, p. 98.
  2. ^ Kumar 1996, p. 205.
  3. ^ a b c Robert Williams (1991). Jaina Yoga: A Survey of the Mediaeval Śrāvakācāras. Motilal Banarsidass. p. xv. ISBN 978-81-208-0775-4.
  4. ^ a b c Jaini 2000, p. 33.
  5. ^ Indian Book Industry. 1976. p. 8.
  6. ^ a b Jain, Vijay K (2006). From IIM-Ahmedabad to Happiness. p. xi. ISBN 9788190363907.
  7. ^ Farhadian, Charles E. (2015). Introducing World Religions: A Christian Engagement. Baker Academic. ISBN 9781441246509. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  8. ^ a b Peter Flügel (2006). Studies in Jaina History and Culture: Disputes and Dialogues. Routledge. pp. 313–314, 347, 423–425. ISBN 978-1-134-23552-0.
  9. ^ What is Jainism?: Essays and Addresses, C.R. Jain (1927)
  10. ^ Jain 1928, p. 27.
  11. ^ Jain 1928, p. 35.
  12. ^ Jain 1928, p. 46.
  13. ^ Bregman 2010, p. 203.
  14. ^ Pruthi 2004, p. 123.
  15. ^ Jain, Champat Rai (1919). The Key Of Knowledge. Internet Archive (Second ed.). Allahabad: The Central Jaina Publishing House. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  16. ^ Jain, Champat Rai (1917). "The Ratna Karanda Sravakachara". Internet Archive. The Central Jaina Publishing House.
  17. ^ Jain, Champat Rai (1929), The Practical Dharma, Allahabad: The Indian Press Ltd. Alt URL
  18. ^ a b Jain 1921.
  19. ^ *Jain, Champat Rai (1926), The Jaina Law, Devendra printing & publishing Company, Limited
  20. ^ *Flügel, Peter (2006), Studies in Jaina History and Culture: Disputes and Dialogues, Routledge, p. 424, ISBN 9781134235520
  21. ^ Jain, Champat Rai (1916). "Nyaya- The Science Of Thought". Internet Archive. The Central Jaina Publishing House. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  22. ^ Jain, Champat Rai (1931). "The Lifting Of The Vell or The Gems Of Islam". Internet Archive. Alt URL
  23. ^ Champat Rai Jain (1935). Risabha Deva - The Founder of Jainism. Internet Archive. The Jain Mitra Mandal.

Sources

  • Jain, Champat Rai (1930), Jaini sm, Christianity and Science, Allahabad: The Indian Press, Ltd. Alt URL
  • Jaini, Padmanabh S. (2000), Collected Papers on Jaina Studies, ISBN 8120816919
  • Bregman, Lucy (2010), Religion, Death, and Dying, ABC-CLIO, ISBN 9780313351730
  • Kumar, Bhuvanendra (1996), Jainism in America, Jain Humanities Press, ISBN 9780969997832
  • Pruthi, Raj (2004), Jainism and Indian Civilization, Discovery Publishing House, ISBN 9788171417964
  • Jain, Champat Rai (1928), WHAT IS JAINISM (Essays and Addresses 1), The Indian Press, Ltd.
  • Jain, Champat Rai (1921), Confluence of Opposites Alt URL

External links

  •   Media related to Champat Rai Jain at Wikimedia Commons

May 01, 2023
champat, jain, august, 1867, june, 1942, digambara, jain, born, delhi, studied, practised, england, became, influential, jainism, scholar, comparative, religion, writer, between, 1910s, 1930s, translated, interpreted, digambara, texts, early, 1920s, became, re. Champat Rai Jain 6 August 1867 2 June 1942 was a Digambara Jain born in Delhi and who studied and practised law in England He became an influential Jainism scholar and comparative religion writer between 1910s and 1930s who translated and interpreted Digambara texts In early 1920s he became religiously active in India and published essays and articles defending Jainism against misrepresentations by colonial era Christian missionaries contrasting Jainism and Christianity He founded Akhil Bharatvarsiya Digambara Jain Parisad in 1923 with the aim of activist reforms and uniting the south Indian and north Indian Digambara community He visited various European countries to give lectures on Jainism He was conferred with the title Vidya Varidhi lit Ocean of Wisdom by Bharata Dharma Mahamandal The India Religious Association Vidya VaridhiChampat Rai JainBorn 1867 08 06 6 August 1867Delhi IndiaDied2 June 1942 1942 06 02 aged 74 IndiaPen nameC R JainOccupationBarristerLanguageEnglish Hindi UrduSubjectJainism Comparative religionNotable works The Key of Knowledge The Practical Dharma Jainism Christianity and Science Notable awardsJain Darshan Diwakar Contents 1 Life 2 Lectures 3 Publications 3 1 Hindi 3 2 Urdu 4 Gallery 5 Reception 6 See also 7 References 7 1 Citations 7 2 Sources 8 External linksLife EditChampat Rai Jain was born on 6 August 1867 in Delhi India 1 He was married at the age of 13 1 In 1892 he went to England to study law and became a barrister 2 Champat Rai Jain was a Digambara whose writings represent that sect s propaganda with his personal interpretations according to Robert Williams 3 Jain became a part of a Digambara group presenting Digambara point of view in the 1920s and 1930s such as with Jagadarlal Jaini Nathuram Premi Jugalkishor Mukhtar and Hiralal Jain 3 Jain was the founder of the Jaina mission in London 4 He died on 2 June 1942 He was a barrister at law orator writer and attempted to explain Jainism with modern age psychology and science terminology 5 6 7 According to Padmanabh Jaini the colonial era Champat Rai Jain was an apologist of Jainism defended the Jain doctrines that were criticized by Christian missionaries and authored the first Jaina text aimed at the Christian world when Christian missionaries were extremely frustrated at Jain people they understood to have no pagan gods and refused to convert to Christianity 4 He was among the early 20th century Jain activists who participated in the colonial discussion about whether Jains are culturally Hindus or a minority community 8 He became a part of Digambara activists who sought to energise and reform Digambara community He participated in several Digambara societies and founded Akhil Bharatvarsiya Digambara Jain Parisad in 1923 with the aim of activist reforms reducing caste divisions within Jain society and uniting the south Indian and north Indian Digambara community 8 Lectures EditChampat Rai Jain attempted to present Jainism as a scientific religion Jainism is a science and not a code of arbitrary rules and capricious commandments It does not claim to derive its authority from any non human source but is science like founded on the knowledge of those Great Ones who have attained perfection with its aid Scientific validity can be claimed neither by dogmatism nor mysticism and it is unnecessary to add that nothing but science and scientific thought can be relied upon to produce immediate certain and unvarying results Champat Rai Jain Essays and Addresses 9 Jaina Doctrine Lecture delivered before the Association des Amis de l Orient Paris on 28 November 1926 10 Jainism And Its Power To Stop Human Warfare Lecture delivered before Le Trait d Union Society at Nice 11 Religion and Comparative Religion Lecture delivered at Genova Italy 6 January 1927 12 Ahimsa as the Key to World Peace at the World Fellowship of Faiths 1933 13 Publications EditChampat Rai Jain wrote in three main languages of his time English Hindi Urdu 14 According to Williams the translations of Champat Rai Jain were of no high merit he added his own interpretation often disfiguring the sense of the original Jain texts about monastic life and doctrines for Jain laypeople 3 The Key of Knowledge 1915 1919 1928 15 The Householder s Dharma 1917 English translation of the Jain text Ratnakaranda sravakacara 16 The Practical Dharma 1929 Second edition of The Practical Path 1917 17 Confluence of Opposites 1921 18 The Jain Law 1926 19 20 Nyaya The Science of Thought 1916 1924 21 Jainism Christianity and Science Allahabad 1930 4 The Lifting Of The Vell or The Gems Of Islam 1931 22 The Practical Dharma 1929 Risabha Deva The Founder of Jainism 1929 1935 23 Sannyasa Dharma 1926 Sacred Philosophy 1920 Essays and AddressesWhat is Jainism Essays and Addresses I Jainism and World Problems Essays and Addresses II The Change of Heart Essays and Addresses III Hindi Edit Jain Law Sanatana Jain DharmaUrdu Edit Jawahrat e IslamGallery Edit Confluence of opposites 1921 book authored by C R Jain The Householder s Dharma Jainism Christianity and Science 1930 Risabha Deva The Founder Of Jainism book authored by C R Jain Book cover of The Key of Knowledge Key of Knowledge a book authored by Champat Rai Jain was published in 1915 18 Reception EditVijay K Jain a modern Jainism scholar in the Preface of his book From IIM Ahmedabad To Happiness wrote 6 Many illuminated works and teachings of great thinkers and sages of the past have repeatedly told us that we need to be able to distinguish between valuable gems and valueless stones both of which are scattered along our way One such valuable gem that I could lay my hands on about a decade ago was that amazingly comprehensive yet precise treatise The Key of Knowledge by Champat Rai Jain The book first published in 1915 true to its title has timeless pearls of wisdom in each of its 900 plus pages one has only to have patience and develop appreciation and understanding to pick them up No other work that I know of treats of the great issues that confront humanity with the same simplicity charm ease authority and freedom As could be expected from a Barrister at Law of that era he was a brilliant grammarian and logician but more than that he was a great philosopher See also EditJainism in Europe Bal PatilReferences EditCitations Edit a b Kumar 1996 p 98 Kumar 1996 p 205 a b c Robert Williams 1991 Jaina Yoga A Survey of the Mediaeval Sravakacaras Motilal Banarsidass p xv ISBN 978 81 208 0775 4 a b c Jaini 2000 p 33 Indian Book Industry 1976 p 8 a b Jain Vijay K 2006 From IIM Ahmedabad to Happiness p xi ISBN 9788190363907 Farhadian Charles E 2015 Introducing World Religions A Christian Engagement Baker Academic ISBN 9781441246509 Retrieved 26 October 2015 a b Peter Flugel 2006 Studies in Jaina History and Culture Disputes and Dialogues Routledge pp 313 314 347 423 425 ISBN 978 1 134 23552 0 What is Jainism Essays and Addresses C R Jain 1927 Jain 1928 p 27 Jain 1928 p 35 Jain 1928 p 46 Bregman 2010 p 203 Pruthi 2004 p 123 Jain Champat Rai 1919 The Key Of Knowledge Internet Archive Second ed Allahabad The Central Jaina Publishing House Retrieved 17 November 2015 Jain Champat Rai 1917 The Ratna Karanda Sravakachara Internet Archive The Central Jaina Publishing House Jain Champat Rai 1929 The Practical Dharma Allahabad The Indian Press Ltd Alt URL a b Jain 1921 Jain Champat Rai 1926 The Jaina Law Devendra printing amp publishing Company Limited Flugel Peter 2006 Studies in Jaina History and Culture Disputes and Dialogues Routledge p 424 ISBN 9781134235520 Jain Champat Rai 1916 Nyaya The Science Of Thought Internet Archive The Central Jaina Publishing House Retrieved 17 November 2015 Jain Champat Rai 1931 The Lifting Of The Vell or The Gems Of Islam Internet Archive Alt URL Champat Rai Jain 1935 Risabha Deva The Founder of Jainism Internet Archive The Jain Mitra Mandal Sources Edit Jain Champat Rai 1930 Jaini sm Christianity and Science Allahabad The Indian Press Ltd Alt URL Jaini Padmanabh S 2000 Collected Papers on Jaina Studies ISBN 8120816919 Bregman Lucy 2010 Religion Death and Dying ABC CLIO ISBN 9780313351730 Kumar Bhuvanendra 1996 Jainism in America Jain Humanities Press ISBN 9780969997832 Pruthi Raj 2004 Jainism and Indian Civilization Discovery Publishing House ISBN 9788171417964 Jain Champat Rai 1928 WHAT IS JAINISM Essays and Addresses 1 The Indian Press Ltd Jain Champat Rai 1921 Confluence of Opposites Alt URLExternal links Edit Media related to Champat Rai Jain at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Champat Rai Jain amp oldid 1140542704, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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