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Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Party Unity

April 11, 2024

The Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Party Unity, more commonly known as CPI(ML) Party Unity or simply 'Party Unity', was a communist party in India 1982-1998. Narayan Sanyal alias Naveen Prasad[1][2] was the general secretary of the party.[3] Party Unity was the official organ of the party.[4] CPI(ML) Party Unity was one of the predecessors of the Communist Party of India (Maoist).[5]

Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Party Unity
General SecretaryNaveen Prasad alias
Narayan Sanyal
Founded1982
Dissolved11 August 1998 (1998-08-11)
Merger ofCPI(ML) Unity Organisation and faction of COC, CPI(ML)
Merged intoCPI(ML) People's War

The activity of CPI(ML) Party Unity was concentrated in central Bihar; the districts of Jehanabad, Gaya, Aurangabad, Palamu, Nalanda and Nawada.[6] The party was also present in West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Punjab.[7]

Origins edit

The party was founded in 1982, through the mergers of CPI(ML) Unity Organisation of Naveen Prasad (Bihar) and Bhowani Roy Chowdhury (West Bengal) and the COC, CPI(ML) faction led by M. Appalasuri.[8][9][10] CPI(ML) Unity Organisation had been founded in 1978 by a group of Naxalites from the Jehanabad-Palamu area, that had been released from prison in 1977.[9][11] The Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) had been formed by some elements of the erstwhile CPI(ML).[12] The COC, CPI(ML) upheld the legacy of Charu Majumdar but was ready to retain a critical attitude to some aspects of Majumdar's role.[13]

Political orientation edit

The party advocated agrarian revolution and protracted people's war.[14] CPI(ML) Party Unity conducted armed struggle, advocating attacks on upper castes as a means of mobilizing Dalits for agrarian reform.[15] The party denounced participation in elections.[6]

A party congress was held in 1987. The congress issued the following statement regarding the tasks of the party: "We are tackling the steadily increasing armed onslaughts of the state, through mass resistance. But gradually the squads too will have to come forward to participate in this resistance. At the phase of confiscating all lands of the landlords and on the eve of building up the guerilla zone, the activities of the squads will be the main aspect of the people's resistance against the armed attacks of the state."[9]

Class warfare edit

The party had armed 'Red Squads' operating in Bihar.[16] CPI(ML) Party Unity was involved in violent confrontations with private armies (senas) of landlords.[17]

On 1 December 1997 Ranvir Sena attacked the CPI(ML) Party Unity stronghold Lakshmanpur-Bathe, killing 63 lower caste people.[17]

Mass struggles edit

CPI(ML) Unity Organisation had launched a mass organisation, the Mazdoor Kisan Sangram Samiti ('Worker-Peasant Struggle Association'), together with Dr. Vinayan (an ex-socialist mass leader).[9][18] CPI(ML) Party Unity effectively functioned as the armed wing of MKSS.[6] CPI(ML) Party Unity managed to get the Bhoomi Sena (a Kurmi caste private army) to formally surrender to MKSS.[18] In 1986 MKSS was banned. Eventually there was a rupture between Dr. Vinayan and the party, and Dr. Vinayan's MKSS faction denounced the party in 1987.[19] CPI(ML) Party Unity launched the Mazdoor Kisan Sangram Parishad as its new peasant front.[20]

Other mass fronts of CPI(ML) Party Unity included Lok Sangram Morcha ('People's Struggle Front'), Jan Mukti Parishad ('People's Liberation Council') and Bihar Nari Sangathan ('Bihar Women's Organisation'). Jan Mukti Parishad organised land seizures in Bihar, the organisation itself claimed to have redistributed 5,000 acres of land in the state. Through its land seizure struggles, CPI(ML) Party Unity became associated with its slogan jameen jabtee, fasal jabtee ('Seize land, seize crops').[6]

Confrontation and unity edit

CPI(ML) Party Unity frequently clashed with other leftwing groups in Bihar. It fought over control of the Kurtha and Makdampur areas of Jehanabad district with CPI(ML) Liberation. CPI(ML) Liberation claimed that CPI(ML) Party Unity had killed 82 of its followers,[21] whilst CPI(ML) Party Unity claimed CPI(ML) Liberation had killed 65 of its cadres.[22] 50 people were killed in clashes between CPI(ML) Party Unity and the Maoist Communist Centre. Conflict between CPI(ML) Party Unity and MCC was most intense in areas of Gaya district; Tekari, Konch and Belaganj.[21]

However, there were also moves towards unity between the competing factions. During the 1980s, there was cooperation between the MKSS and CPI(ML) Liberation in the struggle against Bhoomi Sena and state repression. The two parties jointly founded Daman Virodhi Sanyukt Morcha ('United Anti-Repression Front').[23] After the Arwal massacre of 1986, the two groups organised a historic gherao outside the Bihar Legislative Assembly.[24] CPI(ML) Liberation broke all links to CPI(ML) Party Unity in 1988, after two massacres committed by CPI(ML) Party Unity in Jehanabad district in which 30 CPI(ML) Liberation followers were killed.[23][24] In 1993 the All India People's Resistance Forum (AIPRF) was founded, a legal organization. AIPRF was co-sponsored by CPI(ML) Party Unity, MCC and the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) People's War, and functioned as a centre of coordination of activities amongst middle-class constituencies for the three groups.[5]

On 11 August 1998 CPI(ML) Party Unity merged with CPI(ML) People's War. The unified party retained the name CPI(ML) People's War.[1] The merger was the result of a five-year-long process of negotiations between the two parties. Through the merger with CPI(ML) Party Unity, CPI(ML) People's War gained a foothold in northern India.[15]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Aishik Chanda. "Narayan Sanyal, key figure in formation of CPI (Maoist), passes away". newindianexpress.com. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
  2. ^ Aman Sethi. "Narayan Sanyal arrest, charges a weak link in Binayak Sen's case". thehindu.com. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
  3. ^ Joint declaration by Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) People's War, and Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Party Unity
  4. ^ Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 27. p 930
  5. ^ a b Menon, Nivedita, and Aditya Nigam. Power and Contestation: India Since 1989. London [etc.]: Zed Books, 2007. p. 123
  6. ^ a b c d Nedumpara, Jose J. Political Economy and Class Contradictions: A Study. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 2004. p. 116
  7. ^ Singh, Ram Shakal, and Champa Singh. Indian Communism, Its Role Towards Indian Polity. New Delhi, India: Mittal Publications, 1991. p. 127
  8. ^ Singh, Prakash, The Naxalite Movement in India. New Delhi: Rupa & Co., 1999, ISBN 81-7167-294-9, p. 129.
  9. ^ a b c d People's March. 30 years of Naxalbari — An Epic of Heroic Struggle and Sacrifice
  10. ^ Kujur, Rajat. Naxal Movement in India: A Profile
  11. ^ Clark-Decès, Isabelle, and Christophe Guilmoto. A Companion to the Anthropology of India. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. p. 322
  12. ^ Singh, Prakash, The Naxalite Movement in India. New Delhi: Rupa & Co., 1999, ISBN 81-7167-294-9, p. 97, 105.
  13. ^ Hindustan Times: History of Naxalism[dead link]
  14. ^ Singh, Ram Shakal, and Champa Singh. Indian Communism, Its Role Towards Indian Polity. New Delhi, India: Mittal Publications, 1991. p. 128
  15. ^ a b Narula, Smita. Broken People Caste Violence against India's "Untouchables". New York: Human Rights Watch, 1999. p. 47
  16. ^ Ghosh, Srikanta. Bihar in Flames. New Delhi: A.P.H. Pub. Corp, 2000. p. 60
  17. ^ a b Frontline. The Jehanabad carnage 9 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Vol. 14 :: No. 25 :: 13 - 26 December 1997
  18. ^ a b Omvedt, Gail. Reinventing Revolution: New Social Movements and the Socialist Tradition in India. Socialism and social movements. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1993. p. 60
  19. ^ Nedumpara, Jose J. Political Economy and Class Contradictions: A Study. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 2004. p. 117
  20. ^ Kumar, Rabindra. Impact of Rural Development on Scheduled Castes. New Delhi, India: Anmol Publ, 2002. p. 59
  21. ^ a b Nedumpara, Jose J. Political Economy and Class Contradictions: A Study. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 2004. p. 268
  22. ^ Rediff. The Badlands Of Bihar
  23. ^ a b CPI(ML) Liberation. Experiences of Engaging with the Maoists
  24. ^ a b The Times of India.

April 11, 2024
central, organising, committee, communist, party, india, marxist, leninist, party, unity, more, commonly, known, party, unity, simply, party, unity, communist, party, india, 1982, 1998, narayan, sanyal, alias, naveen, prasad, general, secretary, party, party, . The Central Organising Committee Communist Party of India Marxist Leninist Party Unity more commonly known as CPI ML Party Unity or simply Party Unity was a communist party in India 1982 1998 Narayan Sanyal alias Naveen Prasad 1 2 was the general secretary of the party 3 Party Unity was the official organ of the party 4 CPI ML Party Unity was one of the predecessors of the Communist Party of India Maoist 5 Central Organising Committee Communist Party of India Marxist Leninist Party UnityGeneral SecretaryNaveen Prasad aliasNarayan SanyalFounded1982Dissolved11 August 1998 1998 08 11 Merger ofCPI ML Unity Organisation and faction of COC CPI ML Merged intoCPI ML People s WarPolitics of IndiaPolitical partiesElectionsThe activity of CPI ML Party Unity was concentrated in central Bihar the districts of Jehanabad Gaya Aurangabad Palamu Nalanda and Nawada 6 The party was also present in West Bengal Andhra Pradesh and Punjab 7 Contents 1 Origins 2 Political orientation 3 Class warfare 4 Mass struggles 5 Confrontation and unity 6 See also 7 ReferencesOrigins editThe party was founded in 1982 through the mergers of CPI ML Unity Organisation of Naveen Prasad Bihar and Bhowani Roy Chowdhury West Bengal and the COC CPI ML faction led by M Appalasuri 8 9 10 CPI ML Unity Organisation had been founded in 1978 by a group of Naxalites from the Jehanabad Palamu area that had been released from prison in 1977 9 11 The Central Organising Committee Communist Party of India Marxist Leninist had been formed by some elements of the erstwhile CPI ML 12 The COC CPI ML upheld the legacy of Charu Majumdar but was ready to retain a critical attitude to some aspects of Majumdar s role 13 Political orientation editThe party advocated agrarian revolution and protracted people s war 14 CPI ML Party Unity conducted armed struggle advocating attacks on upper castes as a means of mobilizing Dalits for agrarian reform 15 The party denounced participation in elections 6 A party congress was held in 1987 The congress issued the following statement regarding the tasks of the party We are tackling the steadily increasing armed onslaughts of the state through mass resistance But gradually the squads too will have to come forward to participate in this resistance At the phase of confiscating all lands of the landlords and on the eve of building up the guerilla zone the activities of the squads will be the main aspect of the people s resistance against the armed attacks of the state 9 Class warfare editThe party had armed Red Squads operating in Bihar 16 CPI ML Party Unity was involved in violent confrontations with private armies senas of landlords 17 On 1 December 1997 Ranvir Sena attacked the CPI ML Party Unity stronghold Lakshmanpur Bathe killing 63 lower caste people 17 Mass struggles editCPI ML Unity Organisation had launched a mass organisation the Mazdoor Kisan Sangram Samiti Worker Peasant Struggle Association together with Dr Vinayan an ex socialist mass leader 9 18 CPI ML Party Unity effectively functioned as the armed wing of MKSS 6 CPI ML Party Unity managed to get the Bhoomi Sena a Kurmi caste private army to formally surrender to MKSS 18 In 1986 MKSS was banned Eventually there was a rupture between Dr Vinayan and the party and Dr Vinayan s MKSS faction denounced the party in 1987 19 CPI ML Party Unity launched the Mazdoor Kisan Sangram Parishad as its new peasant front 20 Other mass fronts of CPI ML Party Unity included Lok Sangram Morcha People s Struggle Front Jan Mukti Parishad People s Liberation Council and Bihar Nari Sangathan Bihar Women s Organisation Jan Mukti Parishad organised land seizures in Bihar the organisation itself claimed to have redistributed 5 000 acres of land in the state Through its land seizure struggles CPI ML Party Unity became associated with its slogan jameen jabtee fasal jabtee Seize land seize crops 6 Confrontation and unity editCPI ML Party Unity frequently clashed with other leftwing groups in Bihar It fought over control of the Kurtha and Makdampur areas of Jehanabad district with CPI ML Liberation CPI ML Liberation claimed that CPI ML Party Unity had killed 82 of its followers 21 whilst CPI ML Party Unity claimed CPI ML Liberation had killed 65 of its cadres 22 50 people were killed in clashes between CPI ML Party Unity and the Maoist Communist Centre Conflict between CPI ML Party Unity and MCC was most intense in areas of Gaya district Tekari Konch and Belaganj 21 However there were also moves towards unity between the competing factions During the 1980s there was cooperation between the MKSS and CPI ML Liberation in the struggle against Bhoomi Sena and state repression The two parties jointly founded Daman Virodhi Sanyukt Morcha United Anti Repression Front 23 After the Arwal massacre of 1986 the two groups organised a historic gherao outside the Bihar Legislative Assembly 24 CPI ML Liberation broke all links to CPI ML Party Unity in 1988 after two massacres committed by CPI ML Party Unity in Jehanabad district in which 30 CPI ML Liberation followers were killed 23 24 In 1993 the All India People s Resistance Forum AIPRF was founded a legal organization AIPRF was co sponsored by CPI ML Party Unity MCC and the Communist Party of India Marxist Leninist People s War and functioned as a centre of coordination of activities amongst middle class constituencies for the three groups 5 On 11 August 1998 CPI ML Party Unity merged with CPI ML People s War The unified party retained the name CPI ML People s War 1 The merger was the result of a five year long process of negotiations between the two parties Through the merger with CPI ML Party Unity CPI ML People s War gained a foothold in northern India 15 See also edit1997 Raghopur MassacreReferences edit a b Aishik Chanda Narayan Sanyal key figure in formation of CPI Maoist passes away newindianexpress com Retrieved 9 September 2017 Aman Sethi Narayan Sanyal arrest charges a weak link in Binayak Sen s case thehindu com Retrieved 9 September 2017 Joint declaration by Communist Party of India Marxist Leninist People s War and Communist Party of India Marxist Leninist Party Unity Economic and Political Weekly Vol 27 p 930 a b Menon Nivedita and Aditya Nigam Power and Contestation India Since 1989 London etc Zed Books 2007 p 123 a b c d Nedumpara Jose J Political Economy and Class Contradictions A Study New Delhi Anmol Publications 2004 p 116 Singh Ram Shakal and Champa Singh Indian Communism Its Role Towards Indian Polity New Delhi India Mittal Publications 1991 p 127 Singh Prakash The Naxalite Movement in India New Delhi Rupa amp Co 1999 ISBN 81 7167 294 9 p 129 a b c d People s March 30 years of Naxalbari An Epic of Heroic Struggle and Sacrifice Kujur Rajat Naxal Movement in India A Profile Clark Deces Isabelle and Christophe Guilmoto A Companion to the Anthropology of India Malden MA Wiley Blackwell 2011 p 322 Singh Prakash The Naxalite Movement in India New Delhi Rupa amp Co 1999 ISBN 81 7167 294 9 p 97 105 Hindustan Times History of Naxalism dead link Singh Ram Shakal and Champa Singh Indian Communism Its Role Towards Indian Polity New Delhi India Mittal Publications 1991 p 128 a b Narula Smita Broken People Caste Violence against India s Untouchables New York Human Rights Watch 1999 p 47 Ghosh Srikanta Bihar in Flames New Delhi A P H Pub Corp 2000 p 60 a b Frontline The Jehanabad carnage Archived 9 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine Vol 14 No 25 13 26 December 1997 a b Omvedt Gail Reinventing Revolution New Social Movements and the Socialist Tradition in India Socialism and social movements Armonk N Y M E Sharpe 1993 p 60 Nedumpara Jose J Political Economy and Class Contradictions A Study New Delhi Anmol Publications 2004 p 117 Kumar Rabindra Impact of Rural Development on Scheduled Castes New Delhi India Anmol Publ 2002 p 59 a b Nedumpara Jose J Political Economy and Class Contradictions A Study New Delhi Anmol Publications 2004 p 268 Rediff The Badlands Of Bihar a b CPI ML Liberation Experiences of Engaging with the Maoists a b The Times of India Sena men on key PW posts says CPI ML Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Central Organising Committee Communist Party of India Marxist Leninist Party Unity amp oldid 1208449712, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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