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Adelaide Park Lands

December 20, 2023

The Adelaide Park Lands comprise the figure-eight configuration of land, spanning both banks of the River Torrens between Hackney and Thebarton, which encloses and separates the City of Adelaide area (including both the Adelaide city centre and North Adelaide) from the surrounding suburbia of greater metropolitan Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia. They were laid out by Colonel William Light in his design for the city, and originally consisted of 2,300 acres (930 ha) "exclusive of 32 acres (13 ha) for a public cemetery".[1] One copy of Light's plan shows areas for a cemetery and a Post and Telegraph Store[2] on West Terrace, a small Government Domain and Barracks on the central part of North Terrace, a hospital on East Terrace, a Botanical Garden on the River Torrens west of North Adelaide, and a school and a storehouse south-west of North Adelaide.[3]

Over the years there has been constant encroachment on the Park Lands by the state government and others. Soon after their declaration in 1837, 370 acres (150 ha) "were lost to 'Government Reserves'".[4] In 1902, The Herald noted that a total area of 489 acres (198 ha) had been taken from park lands.[1][5] In 2018, the loss is about 568 acres (230 ha).[4]

The part of the Park Lands not in the "Government Reserves" have been managed and maintained by the Adelaide City Council since 1852,[6] and since February 2007, the Adelaide Park Lands Authority has advised council and government.[7][8]

On 7 November 2008 the Federal Minister for Environment, Heritage and the Arts, Peter Garrett, announced that the Adelaide Park Lands had been entered in the Australian National Heritage List as "an enduring treasure for the people of South Australia and the nation as a whole".[9] In fact, large areas of the Adelaide Park Lands along the north side of the complete length of North Tce, and along the north side of Port Road from West Terrace to the Thebarton Police Barracks, (in Parks 11, 12, 26 and 27), and also the rail reserves, (in Parks 25, 26 and 27), were excluded from the "Adelaide Park Lands and City Layout National Heritage Place" listing.[10]

34°54′S 138°36′E / 34.9°S 138.6°E / -34.9; 138.6

Aerial view of South Park Lands showing Parks 20, 21 & 22.
Rymill Park / Murlawirrapurka (Park 14), a popular part of the Park Lands
Flower bed in the Adelaide Park Lands
Gum trees and a creek in Park 20

History edit

Further information: William Light

Adelaide is a planned city, and the Adelaide Park Lands are an integral part of Colonel William Light's 1837 plan.[11][3] Light chose a site spanning the River Torrens (known as Yatala by the local people[12]), and planned the city to fit the topography of the landscape, "on rising ground".

The Emigration Regulations appearing in the South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register published in London on 18 June 1836 instructed that the site of the first town be divided into 1,000 sections of an acre each.[13]

In early 1837, William Light proposed to the Resident Commissioner James Hurtle Fisher that the figure-eight of open space, which Light later referred to as "Adelaide Park", be reserved as "Park grounds".[11] Light drew up a plan that included 700 acres (2.8 km2) south of the River Torrens and 342 acres (1.38 km2) north of the river.[3] In addition, he included 38 acres (0.15 km2) of city squares: Hindmarsh, Hurtle, Light, Whitmore and Wellington Squares (each comprising six acres), Victoria Square (eight acres), four one-acre Public Reserves (with frontages to Victoria Square), and 2,300 acres (9.3 km2) for the Park Lands.[3][14][12]

Adelaide's characteristic geometrical grid pattern is not unique: apart from earlier precedents going back to ancient Greece,[15][16] it follows part of a series of rules created by Spanish planners for their colonial cities, known as the "Law of the Indies". They included the grid pattern with a main thoroughfare, centred around a main square. There are many historical precedents for five squares, including Philadelphia in America, designed in 1682 by surveyor Thomas Holme.[17] There are however no records showing that Light deliberately copied any cities or rules for planning.[18]

In 1838 the Colonization Commissioners for South Australia authorised South Australia's Resident Commissioner to purchase the Adelaide Park Lands,[19] and these instructions were carried out in South Australia in 1839.[20]

By 1839 the Park Lands were threatened by extensive timber cutting, rubbish dumping, brick-making, quarrying, squatting, and grazing. To check this, a body of special constables was instituted on 9 October 1839 by George Gawler and Superintendent Henry Inman. Inman appointed Nick Boys Bull (c. 1800-1846), formerly a police sub-inspector, as Keeper of the Park Lands. Bull led an initial team of six park rangers, most being convalescent migrants thrown on government support.[21] This dropped to two by 1840, then back to four by June 1841. Pay and rations were provided by the police department.[22]

Since 1852, the areas of the Park Lands placed in the custodianship of the municipal corporation have been managed and maintained by the Adelaide City Council. Public use of the Park Lands was controlled by a ranger who patrolled the parks, regulating sporting and recreational activities in the parks and supervising the depasturing of stock grazing there.[6]

A variety of now absent wildlife was still present in the Park Lands in the late 1800s, with the Greater Bilby reported as still being numerous in 1890.[23] The former prevalence of the species - which went by the local name of pinky[24] or pingku[25] - is recognised as the likely origin of the place name Pinky Flat.[26] The once abundant species was presumed completely extinct in the wild in South Australia by 1930.[27]

The Park Lands saw development during the 19th Century, for example the Adelaide Botanic Garden, hospital, South Australian Institute, Adelaide Oval, Victoria Park Racecourse.[citation needed] Extensive felling of trees, quarrying and dumping of rubbish continued, which combined to give the Park Lands an unsightly appearance. In the late 19th century John Ednie Brown, the government's Conservator of Forests, was commissioned by the City Council to prepare a blueprint for the beautification of the Park Lands. Brown presented his Report in 1880, but it was not acted upon until the turn of the 20th century when A.W. Pelzer became the City Gardener. Major progress was made in planting and landscaping the Park Lands during his tenure (1899–1932) and further improvements such as creation of new gardens and boating lakes were carried under the authority of William Veale, the Town Clerk (1947–1965).[6]

In July 2007 part of the Adelaide Park Lands and City of Adelaide layout (North and South Adelaide) were granted National Heritage Listing status. The first remarks on the assessor's report were: "The Adelaide Park Lands and City Layout is a significant example of early colonial planning which has retained key elements of its historical layout for over one hundred and seventy years. The 1837 Adelaide Plan attributed to Colonel William Light and the establishment of Adelaide marks a significant turning point in the settlement of Australia."[18]

Park Lands today edit

In the 2010s, about 25% of the Park Lands are the location of government, public and cultural buildings. Of the remaining approximately 700 hectares (1,700 acres), many parts have been sculpted into planned gardens and playing fields. Some of the remainder is remnant or regenerated Adelaide Plains grasslands or grassy woodlands,[28] of which 230 hectares (570 acres) have been designated and developed by the city council as areas for native fauna and flora. Developments in the early 2000s focused on maintenance and upgrading of recreational facilities, and removal of remnant grasslands and open grassy woodlands, particularly through urbanisation and the Greening of Adelaide tree planting and replacement programs.[6]

In the early 2000s there were proposals to redevelop Park16 (Victoria Park), with the construction of a grandstand to cater for the Clipsal 500 and horse racing events. Due to lobbying by local resident groups, the Adelaide Park Lands Preservation Association, the media and many residents of greater Adelaide, this plan was eventually rejected by the Adelaide City Council and subsequently no longer pursued by the South Australian Government.

In December 2006 the state government passed the Adelaide Park Lands Act 2005, which established the Adelaide Park Lands Authority and a series of statutory protections for the Park Lands. At the time the Act was proclaimed, Premier Mike Rann announced[29] that a major return of alienated Park Lands would be made at the western edge of the city. The area to be returned, 5.5 hectares of land at the west end of Park 25, occupied since 1879 by the Thebarton Water Depot, lies between East Terrace (now James Congdon Drive), Port Road and the railway lines. The plans were unveiled in 2011[30] and the land, which was mallee box woodland[31] prior to European settlement, was developed and landscaped with more than 23,000 trees and shrubs as an urban forest.[30] It features indigenous species, including native pine. In 2017–2018, land at the east end of Park 25 has been used by the South Australian Cricket Association for the development of the Karen Rolton Oval and associated facilities including car parking.

Parks edit

 
Adelaide and North Adelaide are surrounded by the Park Lands, divided into 29 numbered parks. Town acres are shown in pink, open park land in green, and built-up areas of park land in grey.

Although it is a single park, for management purposes the Adelaide City Council has used the last two digits of survey sections as labels to identify smaller areas within the Adelaide Park Lands. In some, but not all, cases, roadways crossing over the Park Lands coincide with the survey section boundaries that gave rise to council's numbering (from "Park 1" to "Park 29"). The numbering, which starts in the North Park Lands (at the Adelaide Golf Links), and increases clockwise around the perimeter, was applied in September 1882.[32]

Some of the parks are more commonly known by a commemorative name (e.g. Rymill Park), but others, such as Park 10, are still known mostly by their number.

Dual naming edit

Since the Adelaide City Council drew up a Reconciliation Vision Statement in 1997, they committed to a dual naming project, working with Kaurna Warra Pintyanthi, a Kaurna language project run by the University of Adelaide in collaboration with Kaurna advisors. The dual naming covers the city centre and North Adelaide, including the six public squares and Adelaide park lands. Erection of signs in each of the parks was completed on 30 June 2004,[33] with some of the spellings being revised in the 2010s.[34] Also at that time, the numbered parks that still had no English name were assigned one.[35][36]

Victoria Square, in the centre of Adelaide city, is now also known as Tarntanyangga.[37] All 29 Parks around the city have been assigned a Kaurna name, and the River Torrens is now also named Karrawirra Parri.[38] The renaming of 39 sites was finalised and endorsed by the council in 2012.[39] The full list of square and park names, along with meanings and pronunciations, is available on the Council website.[34]

Park 1: Possum Park / Pirltawardli edit

See also: Bonython Park and Park 27

Kaurna park name and translation: Pirltawardli[40] "possum home"[33] (Pirltawardli/Piltawodli - pilta = possum, and wodli = house or home).[41][42][34] 76 hectares.[43] The name of the site has in the past been spelt Pilta-wodli or Piltawodlingga (in KWP's New Spelling 2010, Pirltawardli and Pirltawardlingga).[44]

Of an irregular shape, Possum Park / Pirltawardli wraps around the western end of North Adelaide in a vaguely crescent or banana shape. The southern and western boundaries are provided by War Memorial Drive, with Park 27 (which includes Bonython Park on the other side. The eastern boundary, from south to north, is formed by Montefiore Rd, the western end of North Adelaide (i.e. Strangways Terrace, Mills Tce and Barton Tce West) and Jeffcott Rd. The northern boundary is formed by Park Tce. It Contains the Adelaide Golf Links.

Kaurna and missionary history edit

The history of Park 1 is bound up with that of Park 27 and Bonython Park, after a succession of Protectors of Aborigines first set up a "Native Location", of which elements moved between the north and south sides of the River Torrens.[45]

Bromley's Camp, the first of these, was established in April 1837 on the south side of the river by Captain Walter Bromley, the second interim Protector.[45] He initially pitched his tent in the vicinity of the old Adelaide Gaol, on land on or near the present Bonython Park (also known as the "Aborigines Location" and later as the "Old Location"[46]).

After a few weeks, Bromley moved camp to the north side of the river at the request of the Kaurna people, to the site known as Piltawodli (later revised to Pirltawardli[44]), meaning "possum place"[46] and also known as the "Aboriginal Location".[46] It was probably a campsite used by the Kaurna, and may have had some importance for ceremonies.[44] This site is now within the area of the Par 3 golf course adjoining the North Adelaide Golf Links,[47] and is marked by a memorial plaque at the carpark by the weir,[44] erected on 26 May 2000.[46]

Pirltawodli was designed by the colonial government to keep Aboriginal people confined and settled in a type of reserve, so that the rest of the land could be systematically colonised. However, it became very important for the history and later study of the Kaurna language.[48]

In October 1838 two German missionaries, Christian Teichelmann and Clamor Schürmann (and later Samuel Klose) arrived, setting themselves first up at the "Old Location" on the southern side, studying the Kaurna language and teaching in that language. This was the first mission in South Australia. In December 1839 Schürmann opened a school, supported by Governor George Gawler,[46] which taught only in the Kaurna language, teaching the children to read and write in their language.[47][41]

In 1839 the school was moved across to the north side of the river to Pirltawardli.[46][49] In August 1840, Klose took over the running of the school. The second interim Protector (1837–1839), William Wyatt was also involved in the running of the school[46] and was a frequent visitor to Pirltawardli.[47]

In the 1840s, Pirltawardli comprised a fenced area of 5.7 hectares (14 acres).[41] However the whole site, including the school, was dismantled in July 1845, on the orders of Governor George Grey,[47] who thought it best to take the children away from their parents, and a new "Native School" run by the government, which taught only in English, was established near what is now Kintore Avenue.[47] The people's houses were destroyed by soldiers.[41] (The Native School closed in 1851, with the remaining children taken to Poonindie Mission at Port Lincoln on the Eyre Peninsula).[46]

A few people continued to camp near the house of Klose, the only remaining missionary, at Pirltawardli. In 1846 the government build some brick sheds in part of this area, and also across the river behind the new Adelaide Gaol. One was for the "Murray tribe", who had moved to the area, and a smaller number of sheds for what was left of the "Adelaide tribe".[46]

Significance of Pirltawardli edit

Pirltawardli is still of great significance to Kaurna people, as well as non-Indigenous South Australians. Nearly all of the recorded language and early written records of Kaurna culture stem from this place, documented by the missionaries, who also shared their views on race relations in the new colony.[46] The linguistic work of Teichelmann and Schürmann there had far-reaching effects, influencing later missionaries to teach in local languages, aiding the work of linguists, and laying the foundations for the 21st-century language revival of the Kaurna and also indirectly helping in the revival of other languages, after other missionaries and linguists had followed their example with other local languages.[47]

Records edit

Apart from the missionaries, other Europeans such as William Wyatt, William Williams,[50][48] William Cawthorne and Matthew Moorhouse wrote about the "Adelaide Tribe" in their memoirs.[47][48]

William Williams was keeper of the Colonial Store at nearby Tininyawardli (or Tinninyawodli), which was just south of where Strangways Terrace was built. He published a list of 377 Kaurna words, published in the Southern Australian on 15 May 1839 and republished in the South Australian Colonist in the following year.[47]

William Cawthorne, a frequent visitor and close friend of Kadlitpina ("Captain Jack"), loved the Kaurna Palti "corroboree" and their material culture, and was responsible for recording many names of artefacts.[47] His Rough Notes on the Manners and Customs of the Natives, written in 1844, was published in the 1925-26 Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia (SA Branch).[51]

Moorhouse, Protector from 1839 until 1857, lived at Pirltawardli and worked closely with the missionaries. There is only one remaining page of his diary, containing several Kaurna songlines not recorded elsewhere, but much information has been gleaned from his reports and official correspondence.[47]

Park 2: Denise Norton Park / Pardipardinyilla edit

Pardipardinyilla[52] 'swimming place'[53][34][33] 17 hectares[54]Denise Norton was the first South Australian to represent Australia at the Olympic or Commonwealth Games – in the sport of swimming.[52]

Approximately square, the park is bounded by Fitzroy Tce (to the north), Prospect Rd (to the east), Barton Tce West (to the south) and Jeffcott Rd (to the west).

The Park provides a range of formal and informal facilities for cricket, swimming, tennis and family picnics. The north-west corner of the Park contains the Adelaide Aquatic Centre, picnic facilities and the Bush Magic playground. The remainder of the Park includes sporting facilities, open space and vegetation (designed and semi-natural landscapes).

  • The Adelaide Swimming Centre was relocated to this Park in 1968/9 to replace the old City Baths on the current site of the Festival Centre. It was renovated, enclosed and renamed Adelaide Aquatic Centre in 1985. It was renovated again in 1998.
  • The Bush Magic Play Park was designed in 1988, and is important as a precedent for the contemporary generation of play spaces around the Park Lands and metropolitan Adelaide. It was the first play park in SA to incorporate wheelchair access.
  • Sporting facilities, which are currently held under an annual licence to Blackfriars Priory School, include change rooms, five playing fields and four tennis courts. The licence covers an area of approximately 35% of the Park. The school has first right of use of these areas on weekday afternoons after school, and on Saturday mornings.

Park 3: Yam Daisy Park / Kantarilla edit

Kantarilla[55] 'kandara root place'[56][34][33] 3.3 hectares[57]

A small triangle bounded by Prospect Rd (west), Fitzroy Tce (north) and Main North Rd (east).

Contains open park.

Park 4: Reservoir Park / Kangatilla edit

Kangatilla[58] 'kangatta berry place'[59][34][33] 9.4 hectares[57]

Approximately pentagonal, bounded by O'Connell Street (west), Main North Road (north-west), Lefevre Road (north-east and east) and Barton Terrace East (south).

Contains open and wooded park, with SA Water facilities at the western end. The former Fitzroy Croquet Club was located in the northern corner of the Park, and there were two ovals in the middle of the Park. The main structure of the SA Water facilities is a State Heritage-listed earth-covered reservoir, dating from the 1870s, that stores and supplies water to Adelaide. Associated with this are a two-storey red brick pumping station, a small brick pumping station "heavily painted in Brunswick green", and an electricity sub-station.[57][58]

Park 5: Bragg Park / Ngampa Yarta edit

Ngampa Yarta[60] 'ngampa root ground'[61][34][33][57] In the late 1800s, Nobel Prize winners and University of Adelaide academics Sir William Henry Bragg and his son, Sir William Lawrence Bragg, lived nearby.[60]

Of irregular shape, the park is bounded by Robe Terrace (NE), Medindie Road (SE), Lefevre Road (W) and Main North Road (NW).

Contains two small ovals, surrounded by wooded park. There is also a Tree Planting Memorial, erected in 1982 by the North Adelaide Society, to recognise the community tree planting efforts in the locality.[57]

Park 6: Lefevre Park / Nantu Wama edit

Nantu Wama[62] 'horse plain'[33] or 'male grey kangaroo plain'[63][34][64] One of Lefevre Park's borders is Lefevre Terrace; Sir J G Shaw-Lefevre (1797–1879), a British barrister, Whig politician and civil servant, was one of South Australia's colonisation commissioners.[62]

Roughly trapezoidal, the park is bounded by Robe Terrace (NNE), Kingston Terrace (SE), Lefevre Terrace (WSW) and Medindie Road (NW).

Contains open park, mainly used for horse agistment. There are three main paddocks, four feeding yards, five horse troughs, and a number of sandpits for the horses to roll in. There is a limit of 20 horses, and those licensed pay a weekly fee. (In 2005, the fee was $19.50 per week.)[64] According to the adelaideparklands.com.au website, "100,000 kg of horse manure is deposited by the resident horses on this park each year".[62]

The open areas are surrounded by woodland. There is a playground on the western boundary (Lefevre Tce), one of the three Glover Playgrounds originally built in 1920, which also contains BBQ facilities and wide lawn spaces. The eastern third contains assorted playing fields, changing rooms, tennis courts and netball courts. Wilderness School holds a licence for eight tennis courts (also marked for netball), one cricket oval, two cricket practice nets, and three hockey/softball ovals. In 2005, there was also a green-painted brick structure with a flat roof, erected in the late 1960s, which "appears to have an undefined purpose and use".[64]

Park 7: The Olive Groves / Kuntingga edit

Kuntingga[65] 'kunti root place'[33][66][34] (Park 7)[67]

Park 8: The Olive Groves / Parngutilla edit

Parngutilla[68] 'barngutta root place'[33][69][34] (Park 8)[67]

Parks 7 and 8 are small and elongated parks, with a combined area of 4.7 hectares, separating the east end of lower North Adelaide from Gilberton, and contain heritage listed olive groves. They act effectively as an enlarged median strip, with the major ring route of Park Terrace (southbound) and Mann Road (northbound) traversing the perimeter of both parks.[67]

These parks were one of the first sites for the (European settlers) plantings of olives, and are the only section of the Park Lands that have kept the same use since the Council took over formal care of the Park Lands in the 1860s. The olive plantation is listed as a State Heritage Place.[67]

Park 9: Bundey's Paddock / Tidlangga edit

Tidlangga[70] 'tidla root place'[33][71][34][72] William Bundey (1826–1889) was the Mayor of Adelaide 1883-1886.[70]

A triangular shape, bounded by Mackinnon Parade (NE), Bundeys Road (S) and Hackney Road (W).

Contains assorted playing fields and changing rooms. An oval is licensed to Prince Alfred College on Saturday afternoons and Thursday evenings. In the past, contained a number of grass and bitumen tennis courts which have fallen into dis-repair and been removed.[72]

Park 10: Bulrush Park / Warnpangga edit

Main article: Park 10

Warnpangga[73] 'bullrush root place'[33][74][34] 19 hectares[75]

Bounded by War Memorial Drive, Bundey's Road, MacKinnon Road, MacKinnon Parade, Finnis and Frome Road.

The Park is dominated by a number of sporting ovals and associated facilities licensed to the University of Adelaide, including a tennis pavilion, a grandstand, and changing rooms.

The Park also contains:

  • The Adelaide Archery Club rooms, in the north eastern corner of the Park.
  • The University Loop, a well used 2.2 km (1.4 mi) gravel running track, which encircles part of the Park.
  • The Adelaide City Council Organic Recycling Depot/Nursery, (approx 1.6 hectares), comprising: an Office Building, 3 sheds, 6 glass houses, a shade house, and 6 propagating plant frames.
  • The Lower North Adelaide Soldiers' Memorial Garden, located in the north of the Park.
  • A number of sculptures, located in 1994 on the edge of the River Torrens.
  • A small playground

Park 11: Mistletoe Park / Tainmuntilla edit

Tainmuntilla[76] 'mistletoe place'[33][77][34][75]

A quite large piece of land bounded by the River Torrens (north), Hackney Road (east), North Terrace (south), and Frome Road (west). It contains the Zoological Gardens, the Botanic Gardens, the Botanic Park, the Wine Centre, Frome Park / Nellie Raminyermmerin Park,[78] the old Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH) site, the Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science (IMVS), the old Medical School of the University of Adelaide site, and several University of South Australia buildings.

Park 12: Red Gum Park / Karrawirra edit

Main article: Park 12

Karrawirra[79] 'river red gum forest'[33] ('karra' = red gum tree, 'wirra' = forest)[80][34][81]

Contains many buildings, parks, memorials and statues – see Park 12 for a more complete list.

Park 12 is bisected by the river. The northern part contains the Peace Park, the Cross of Sacrifice, Pennington Gardens East, Angas Gardens, several boat-houses and several University playing fields. The southern part contains Grundy Gardens, the University of South Australia (City East campus), the University of Adelaide (main campus), Prince Henry Gardens, the Art Gallery, the Museum, the State Library, the War Memorial, Government House, the Torrens Parade Ground, Pioneer Women's Memorial Gardens, Esther Lipman Gardens, Jolly's Boat House, the Boer War Memorial, the Jubilee 150 Walkway, numerous statues, and quite a lot of other odds and ends.

Park 13: Rundle Park / Kadlitpina edit

Main article: Rundle Park / Kadlitpina

Kadlitpina (formerly spelt Kadlitpinna[41])[82] "Captain Jack"[33] - named after the Kaurna elder painted by George French Angas.[83][34][84][85] Kadlitpina was one of three burka, or elders, well-known to the colonists, the other two being Murlawirrapurka("King John") and Ityamai-itpina ("King Rodney") – see also Parks 14 and 15 below. His name was derived from kadli ("dingo"/"dog") + -itpinna (itpina) ("father of").[41]

John Rundle (1791–1864) was a British Whig politician and businessman who was one of the original directors and financiers of the South Australia Company.

Since 2000, in February/March of most years, the park has been the site of the Garden of Unearthly Delights during the Adelaide Fringe.[86]

Park 14: Rymill Park / Murlawirrapurka edit

 
Rymill Park at sunset.
Main article: Rymill Park

Murlawirrapurka (Mullawirrapurka/Mullawirraburka[41]) also known as "King John"[87][33][48] "King Jack" or "Onkaparinga Jack",[88] was the Kaurna leader (or burka, elder[41]) of the Aldinga-Willunga area,[89][34][90] and employed as a native constable.[88] His name was derived from mulla ("dry") + wirra ("forest") + burka ("elder"). He was one of three elders well-known to the colonists (along with Kadlitpina, see above, and Ityamai-itpina, below), and more is known about him than any other Kaurna person of that time.[41]

Sir Arthur Rymill (1907–1989) was Lord Mayor of Adelaide 1950-1953.[91]

Park 15: King Rodney Park / Ityamai-itpina edit

Ityamai-itpina (formerly spelt Ityamai-itpinna[41]),[92] known to colonists as "King Rodney",[33] was one of the three main Kaurna elders with whom the colonists negotiated,[93][34][94] along with Mullawirraburka ("King John") and Kadlitpina ("Captain Jack"). He was one of the first Kaurna people met by the colonists, and was the father of Iparrityi and husband to Tangkaira. His name was derived from the name of a person student at Pirltawardli (see above) and -itpinna ("father of").[41] He was respected as an elder and negotiator, and his focus was on reconciliation between the settlers and the Kaurna people.[95] There are no known photographs or drawings of Ityamai-itpina.[96]

Ityamai-itpina contains one of the three Glover Playgrounds, the "Glover East Playspace". It has an olive grove planted in 1872, blue gums trees along Wakefield Road and an avenue of pepper trees dating from the early 20th century, and Botanic Creek runs through it. There are sports fields used by Christian Brothers College and others, including a basketball court and a skate park. In the middle of the Adelaide Street Circuit, it borders the Tour Down Under cycling event each January, and the international equestrian three-day event uses the park each November.[97] There is a 1.6-kilometre (0.99 mi) walking trail around the park.[98]

In 2021, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, the WOMADelaide music festival was held in King Rodney Park / Ityamai-itpina instead of its usual location at Botanic Park, so that the venue could comply with the restrictions necessary to prevent any possible spread of COVID-19 (although there was no community transmission at the time in Adelaide).[95][99]

Park 16: Victoria Park / Pakapakanthi edit

Main article: Victoria Park, Adelaide

Pakapakanthi/Bakkabakkandi[100][101] derived from the Kaurna word meaning "to trot" (a term applied to horses),[33][102][34] is a large park, comprising 72 hectares (180 acres)[103]

This park used to contain the Victoria Park Racecourse, and the historic buildings are retained. There are sports fields in the centre, and the South Park Lands creek runs through the southern part, which has been revegetated with open woodland. In the late eighties and early nineties, part of the park was used for the Adelaide F1. It forms part of the Adelaide Street Circuit for the Adelaide 500 motor race, and it is used for the international equestrian three-day event in November.[101]

Park 17: Carriageway Park / Tuthangga edit

 

Tuttangga,[104] meaning "grass place",[33][105][34][106] has an avenue of elm trees, planted in the 1860s to line a former carriageway.[35][104]

The Park Lands Creek runs through the park. Historically (from 1837) the park was the site of Elm Avenue, Desert Ash Avenue and an Engineering and Water Supply (E&WS) reservoir. There are numerous licensees of sporting facilities and clubrooms, including the SA Dog Obedience Club and the SA Croquet Club.[106]

On 14 May 2021, a scheduled cultural burn took place Tuthangga by representatives of the Kaurna people, in a highly symbolic moment after years of preparation to restore the ancient practice. The project, called Kaurna Kardla Parranthi, was undertaken with the support of the City of Adelaide,[107] and was part of the ecological management plan for a key area of biodiversity in the park.[108][109] Six months later, an informal inspection revealed about 12 species of native grass, and very few weeds in the area burnt. Bush for Life and various experts are continuing to monitor outcomes.[110]

Park 18: Peppermint Park / Wita Wirra edit

Wita Wirra,[111] meaning "peppermint grove/place"[33] (wita, peppermint tree, + wirra, forest or bush).[112][34][113]

This park, south of South Terrace, contains Adelaide Himeji Garden and Osmond Gardens.[114]

Park 19: Pelzer Park / Pityarilla edit

Pityarilla/Pityarilla[115] 'marshmallow root place'[33][116][34] 23ha[117] August Pelzer was Adelaide's city gardener from 1899 to 1932.[115]

A large triangular park bounded by Glen Osmond Road. The Park Lands Creek runs across the middle of the Park. Open park and playing fields. Also contains The Marshmallow Park recreation hub.[117]

In 2005 there were leases and licences to: Adelaide City Junior Soccer Club for five soccer pitches and club rooms; St Aloysius College for four tennis courts and change rooms; Adelaide Comets Soccer Club for a single soccer pitch and "building".[117]

Park 20: Blue Gum Park / Kurangga edit

Kurrangga[118] 'blue gum place'[33][119][34] 30.1ha[120]

Contains a boule/petanque area, assorted playing fields, a mountain-bike / BMX-bike track, one of the three Glover Playgrounds, et al.

Licences and leases include Pulteney Grammar School (6 ovals, cricket nets, 3 lawn tennis courts, 2 grass volleyball courts, and facilities), Adelaide Harriers Athletics Club (athletics oval / running track), Club d'Petanque d'Adelaide, TreeClimb (High Ropes Adventure Course) and others.[120]

Park 21: Veale Park / Walyu Yarta edit

Veale Park contains Veale Gardens.

Walyu Yarta[121] 'walyu root ground'[33][122][34] 31ha[123]

Contains Veale Gardens, assorted playing fields, et al.

Park 21W: Golden Wattle Park / Mirnu Wirra edit

 

Mirnu Wirra[124] 'golden wattle grove'[33][125][34] 31ha[126] Contains Princess Elizabeth Playground, Lundie Gardens, assorted playing fields, et al.

Park 22: Josie Agius Park / Wikaparntu Wirra edit

Wikaparntu Wirra / Wikaparndo Wirra[127] 'netball park'[33] (wika 'net' + parndo 'ball' + wirra 'forest; bush')[128][34] 15.1ha[129] Josie Agius was a Kaurna elder who supported girls' sport.[127]

Contains about 20 netball courts, a small amount of aged seating for spectators, and a building containing a small kiosk, netball administration rooms and a toilet block.

Park 23: G S Kingston Park / Wirrarninthi edit

G S Kingston Park contains Kingston Gardens.

Wirrarninthi / Warranendi[130] 'to become transformed into a green and forested area'.[33][131][34] 57.43 ha[132] Sir George Strickland Kingston was Deputy Surveyor-General under Colonel Light, one of the party that found the River Torrens, and first Speaker of the South Australian House of Assembly.[130]

Contains Edwards Park, West Terrace Cemetery, Kingston Gardens, West Terrace playground, et al.

The park is divided into northern and southern areas by the cemetery. The cemetery is a State Heritage Place managed by the Adelaide Cemeteries Authority, which reports to the State Government. The southern part of the park, used between 1939 and 2000 by the South Australian Netball Association, is called Edwards Park, named after Councillor A.A. Edwards.[132]

Park 24: Ellis Park / Tampawardli edit

Ellis Park is one of the parks in Park 24.

Tampawardli[133] Tampawardli/Tambawodli 'plain place'[33][134][34] 35.7ha[135] Val Bertram Harold Ellis served as City of Adelaide Director of Parks and Recreation from 1966-83.[133]

Contains the State Heritage-listed Adelaide High School buildings and assorted sports grounds. It was the site of the former, now demolished, Emigration Square 1837-1849, the former Observatory, and the Post and Telegraph Store (off West Terrace) depicted in Colonel Light's 1837 Plan for Adelaide.[3][133][135]

Park 25: Gladys Elphick Park / Narnungga edit

Narnungga[136] "native pine place"[33][137][34] 24ha[138] Gladys Elphick MBE was a Kaurna elder who, among other things, was founding president of the Council of Aboriginal Women of South Australia (1964–73).[136]

The park is bisected by the Adelaide-Melbourne railway line. The eastern part contains assorted sports grounds, including the Karen Rolton Oval at the east end of the park. Until the buildings were demolished in November 2010, the park also contained SA Water land and buildings on the western side of the railway line;[139] this western section has since been revegetated.

In October 2020, in the opening round of the 2020–21 Sheffield Shield season, Park 25 hosted its maiden first-class cricket match.[140]

Park 26: Adelaide Oval / Tarntanya Wama edit

Although Adelaide Oval dominates the north part of the park, there are many other parks, gardens and buildings on both sides of the River Torrens in Park 26.

Tarntanya Wama / Tarndanya Womma[141] 'Adelaide plain/oval' ('tarnda' = red kangaroo, 'kanya' = rock and 'womma' = plain/oval.)[33][142][34] 54.1ha[143]

Like Park 12, it is bisected by the River Torrens. The northern part contains the Adelaide Oval, Creswell Gardens, Memorial Drive Park, Pinky Flat, Oval Number 2, Stella Bowen Park, Light's Vision and Pennington Gardens West. The southern part contains Parliament House, Old Parliament House, Adelaide railway station, Adelaide Casino, the Riverbank development, the Convention Centre, assorted boat houses, the Festival Centre and Elder Park

Park 27: Bonython Park / Tulya Wardli edit

For the history of this park, see Park 1 and Bonython Park.

Park 27 / Tulya Wardli (also spelt Tulya Wodli) contains a number of parks, only one of which is Bonython Park.[144][33][145][34] It is a large irregular-shaped area of bounded by the tram line (West Terrace and Port Road - south, south-west, west), Park Terrace (north-west), Memorial Drive (north-east, east, north-east, north) and the Morphett St Bridge (east). 118 ha (290 acres). It is dissected by railway lines and the River Torrens, and much of the south-eastern part of the park is occupied by the new Royal Adelaide Hospital and Medical Research and Teaching precincts, and is not accessible to the public. It contains several buildings, other structures, and features. The park is made up of a number of separate sections, several of which have "land managers" which are not the City of Adelaide. A strip of land between the river and the railway yards west of the Morphett Street Bridge, given to the council in the 1990s, contained contaminated land.[146]

The park contains the Torrens Weir, restaurant and Par 3 putting course, the Dame Roma Mitchell Gardens, the Old Adelaide Gaol, the Bonython Park, the John E Brown Park,[147] the Mary Lee Park, the Helen Mayo Park, the Kate Cocks Park, and the Deceased Workers Memorial Forest.[148][149]

As of 2006, buildings and other structures included the Thebarton Police Barracks (which includes the Road Safety Centre[150]); the new Royal Adelaide Hospital; SAHMRI (South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute); various hospital and University of Adelaide buildings on the former site of the City Sk8 Park; the remainder of the railway yard (the bulk of which was relocated to Dry Creek); assorted broad gauge and standard gauge railway lines and bridges, six tennis courts, some boat houses and rowing clubs' clubhouses.[139]

As of 2017 it was planned that should the Women's and Children's Hospital be moved from North Adelaide, and relocated to Park 27. There were also plans for a second SAHMRI building and a private hospital.[151] In September 2022, the state government announced that the Thebarton Police Barracks, comprising 10 buildings which are state heritage-listed, would be demolished in order to allow construction of a new Women's and Children's Hospital, planned for opening around 2030–31. The site covers 20,000 m2 (220,000 sq ft).[152] The South Australian Heritage Council, the Australian Institute of Architects, and many others have voiced their concerns about the loss of the historic building.[153][154]

Park 28: Palmer Gardens / Pangki Pangki edit

Pangki Pangki[155] Pangki Pangki was a Kaurna person who was a tracker and guide.[33][156][34][157] Colonel George Palmer (1799-1883) was a South Australian Colonisation Commissioner.[155]

Park 29: Brougham Gardens / Tantutitingga edit

Tantutitingga/Tandotittingga[158] 'Native lilac place'[33][159][34][160] Lord Brougham (1778-1868) was Lord High Chancellor of the United Kingdom and founder of the London University.[158]

Brougham Gardens are surrounded by Brougham Place, North Adelaide.

Planned parks edit

Other parks are the location for institutions requiring large expanses of turf or other greenery. Planned parks such as these include:

Buildings/institutions within the Park Lands edit

* North Terrace forms the southern boundary of these establishments.

Now-demolished buildings/structures which were built on the Park Lands include:

Park Land preservation movement edit

Since the Park Lands were set apart by William Light as part of his original 1837 Plan of the City of Adelaide, and intended by the city founders to be reserved as public walks in perpetuity, any development can be seen to go against the founding ambitions for Adelaide and be a source of controversy in the community.

In response to incessant pressure and erosion, there have been many defenders of the Adelaide Park Lands. In 1987 a public meeting was held, which resulted in the formation of the Adelaide Parklands Preservation Association Inc, (APPA), which later corrected its name to Adelaide Park Lands Preservation Association Inc.[161] and in 2021 removed "Preservation" from its name, which is now Adelaide Park Lands Association Inc (APA). Examples of such pressure and erosion are listed on APA's "Current Issues" page.[162]

An example of one such source of controversy is the Victoria Park racecourse and associated areas south-east of the city centre which have been used for motor racing events for short periods of each year. In 2008 these parts of the Park Lands were targeted for development, incurring opposition from members of the community.[163][164] The proposed plans included construction of a permanent corporate facility to provide hospitality and spectator facilities to select groups at events such as the Adelaide 500 motor racing event.

On 30 August 2007 veteran Adelaide heritage consultant and conservation architect Ron Danvers[165][166] said it was "a myth" that Adelaide's founding fathers created the parklands [sic] exclusively for open space, and that it was "self-evident" that Colonel William Light's 1837 plan of Adelaide envisaged development of facilities beyond the CBD.[167] In a submission to the Adelaide City Council,[167] Mr Danvers said the state Government's $55 million plan for a grandstand at Victoria Park for horse and motor racing was "completely consistent with the founding principles for the city". "Under Light's direction, the intention to locate public facilities outside of the main street grid is beyond question", he said in a report commissioned by developers KBR.[167][168]

After counter-arguments were expressed, the proposal was dropped.[169][170][171][172][173][174]

See also edit

References edit

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  2. ^ CLMP for Tambawodli (Park 24), p. 6
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Further reading edit

  • Summerling, Patricia (2011). The Adelaide Park Lands: A Social History. Wakefield Press (Australia). ISBN 978-1-86254-914-2.
  • "National Heritage Places - Adelaide Park Lands and City Layout". Australian Government. Dept of the Environment and Energy.
  • Pirltawardli (Adelaidia)

December 20, 2023
adelaide, park, lands, comprise, figure, eight, configuration, land, spanning, both, banks, river, torrens, between, hackney, thebarton, which, encloses, separates, city, adelaide, area, including, both, adelaide, city, centre, north, adelaide, from, surroundi. The Adelaide Park Lands comprise the figure eight configuration of land spanning both banks of the River Torrens between Hackney and Thebarton which encloses and separates the City of Adelaide area including both the Adelaide city centre and North Adelaide from the surrounding suburbia of greater metropolitan Adelaide the capital city of South Australia They were laid out by Colonel William Light in his design for the city and originally consisted of 2 300 acres 930 ha exclusive of 32 acres 13 ha for a public cemetery 1 One copy of Light s plan shows areas for a cemetery and a Post and Telegraph Store 2 on West Terrace a small Government Domain and Barracks on the central part of North Terrace a hospital on East Terrace a Botanical Garden on the River Torrens west of North Adelaide and a school and a storehouse south west of North Adelaide 3 Over the years there has been constant encroachment on the Park Lands by the state government and others Soon after their declaration in 1837 370 acres 150 ha were lost to Government Reserves 4 In 1902 The Herald noted that a total area of 489 acres 198 ha had been taken from park lands 1 5 In 2018 the loss is about 568 acres 230 ha 4 The part of the Park Lands not in the Government Reserves have been managed and maintained by the Adelaide City Council since 1852 6 and since February 2007 the Adelaide Park Lands Authority has advised council and government 7 8 On 7 November 2008 the Federal Minister for Environment Heritage and the Arts Peter Garrett announced that the Adelaide Park Lands had been entered in the Australian National Heritage List as an enduring treasure for the people of South Australia and the nation as a whole 9 In fact large areas of the Adelaide Park Lands along the north side of the complete length of North Tce and along the north side of Port Road from West Terrace to the Thebarton Police Barracks in Parks 11 12 26 and 27 and also the rail reserves in Parks 25 26 and 27 were excluded from the Adelaide Park Lands and City Layout National Heritage Place listing 10 34 54 S 138 36 E 34 9 S 138 6 E 34 9 138 6 Aerial view of South Park Lands showing Parks 20 21 amp 22 Rymill Park Murlawirrapurka Park 14 a popular part of the Park LandsFlower bed in the Adelaide Park LandsGum trees and a creek in Park 20Contents 1 History 2 Park Lands today 3 Parks 3 1 Dual naming 3 2 Park 1 Possum Park Pirltawardli 3 2 1 Kaurna and missionary history 3 2 2 Significance of Pirltawardli 3 2 3 Records 3 3 Park 2 Denise Norton Park Pardipardinyilla 3 4 Park 3 Yam Daisy Park Kantarilla 3 5 Park 4 Reservoir Park Kangatilla 3 6 Park 5 Bragg Park Ngampa Yarta 3 7 Park 6 Lefevre Park Nantu Wama 3 8 Park 7 The Olive Groves Kuntingga 3 9 Park 8 The Olive Groves Parngutilla 3 10 Park 9 Bundey s Paddock Tidlangga 3 11 Park 10 Bulrush Park Warnpangga 3 12 Park 11 Mistletoe Park Tainmuntilla 3 13 Park 12 Red Gum Park Karrawirra 3 14 Park 13 Rundle Park Kadlitpina 3 15 Park 14 Rymill Park Murlawirrapurka 3 16 Park 15 King Rodney Park Ityamai itpina 3 17 Park 16 Victoria Park Pakapakanthi 3 18 Park 17 Carriageway Park Tuthangga 3 19 Park 18 Peppermint Park Wita Wirra 3 20 Park 19 Pelzer Park Pityarilla 3 21 Park 20 Blue Gum Park Kurangga 3 22 Park 21 Veale Park Walyu Yarta 3 23 Park 21W Golden Wattle Park Mirnu Wirra 3 24 Park 22 Josie Agius Park Wikaparntu Wirra 3 25 Park 23 G S Kingston Park Wirrarninthi 3 26 Park 24 Ellis Park Tampawardli 3 27 Park 25 Gladys Elphick Park Narnungga 3 28 Park 26 Adelaide Oval Tarntanya Wama 3 29 Park 27 Bonython Park Tulya Wardli 3 30 Park 28 Palmer Gardens Pangki Pangki 3 31 Park 29 Brougham Gardens Tantutitingga 4 Planned parks 5 Buildings institutions within the Park Lands 6 Park Land preservation movement 7 See also 8 References 9 Further readingHistory editFurther information William Light Adelaide is a planned city and the Adelaide Park Lands are an integral part of Colonel William Light s 1837 plan 11 3 Light chose a site spanning the River Torrens known as Yatala by the local people 12 and planned the city to fit the topography of the landscape on rising ground The Emigration Regulations appearing in the South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register published in London on 18 June 1836 instructed that the site of the first town be divided into 1 000 sections of an acre each 13 In early 1837 William Light proposed to the Resident Commissioner James Hurtle Fisher that the figure eight of open space which Light later referred to as Adelaide Park be reserved as Park grounds 11 Light drew up a plan that included 700 acres 2 8 km2 south of the River Torrens and 342 acres 1 38 km2 north of the river 3 In addition he included 38 acres 0 15 km2 of city squares Hindmarsh Hurtle Light Whitmore and Wellington Squares each comprising six acres Victoria Square eight acres four one acre Public Reserves with frontages to Victoria Square and 2 300 acres 9 3 km2 for the Park Lands 3 14 12 Adelaide s characteristic geometrical grid pattern is not unique apart from earlier precedents going back to ancient Greece 15 16 it follows part of a series of rules created by Spanish planners for their colonial cities known as the Law of the Indies They included the grid pattern with a main thoroughfare centred around a main square There are many historical precedents for five squares including Philadelphia in America designed in 1682 by surveyor Thomas Holme 17 There are however no records showing that Light deliberately copied any cities or rules for planning 18 In 1838 the Colonization Commissioners for South Australia authorised South Australia s Resident Commissioner to purchase the Adelaide Park Lands 19 and these instructions were carried out in South Australia in 1839 20 By 1839 the Park Lands were threatened by extensive timber cutting rubbish dumping brick making quarrying squatting and grazing To check this a body of special constables was instituted on 9 October 1839 by George Gawler and Superintendent Henry Inman Inman appointed Nick Boys Bull c 1800 1846 formerly a police sub inspector as Keeper of the Park Lands Bull led an initial team of six park rangers most being convalescent migrants thrown on government support 21 This dropped to two by 1840 then back to four by June 1841 Pay and rations were provided by the police department 22 Since 1852 the areas of the Park Lands placed in the custodianship of the municipal corporation have been managed and maintained by the Adelaide City Council Public use of the Park Lands was controlled by a ranger who patrolled the parks regulating sporting and recreational activities in the parks and supervising the depasturing of stock grazing there 6 A variety of now absent wildlife was still present in the Park Lands in the late 1800s with the Greater Bilby reported as still being numerous in 1890 23 The former prevalence of the species which went by the local name of pinky 24 or pingku 25 is recognised as the likely origin of the place name Pinky Flat 26 The once abundant species was presumed completely extinct in the wild in South Australia by 1930 27 The Park Lands saw development during the 19th Century for example the Adelaide Botanic Garden hospital South Australian Institute Adelaide Oval Victoria Park Racecourse citation needed Extensive felling of trees quarrying and dumping of rubbish continued which combined to give the Park Lands an unsightly appearance In the late 19th century John Ednie Brown the government s Conservator of Forests was commissioned by the City Council to prepare a blueprint for the beautification of the Park Lands Brown presented his Report in 1880 but it was not acted upon until the turn of the 20th century when A W Pelzer became the City Gardener Major progress was made in planting and landscaping the Park Lands during his tenure 1899 1932 and further improvements such as creation of new gardens and boating lakes were carried under the authority of William Veale the Town Clerk 1947 1965 6 In July 2007 part of the Adelaide Park Lands and City of Adelaide layout North and South Adelaide were granted National Heritage Listing status The first remarks on the assessor s report were The Adelaide Park Lands and City Layout is a significant example of early colonial planning which has retained key elements of its historical layout for over one hundred and seventy years The 1837 Adelaide Plan attributed to Colonel William Light and the establishment of Adelaide marks a significant turning point in the settlement of Australia 18 Park Lands today editIn the 2010s about 25 of the Park Lands are the location of government public and cultural buildings Of the remaining approximately 700 hectares 1 700 acres many parts have been sculpted into planned gardens and playing fields Some of the remainder is remnant or regenerated Adelaide Plains grasslands or grassy woodlands 28 of which 230 hectares 570 acres have been designated and developed by the city council as areas for native fauna and flora Developments in the early 2000s focused on maintenance and upgrading of recreational facilities and removal of remnant grasslands and open grassy woodlands particularly through urbanisation and the Greening of Adelaide tree planting and replacement programs 6 In the early 2000s there were proposals to redevelop Park16 Victoria Park with the construction of a grandstand to cater for the Clipsal 500 and horse racing events Due to lobbying by local resident groups the Adelaide Park Lands Preservation Association the media and many residents of greater Adelaide this plan was eventually rejected by the Adelaide City Council and subsequently no longer pursued by the South Australian Government In December 2006 the state government passed the Adelaide Park Lands Act 2005 which established the Adelaide Park Lands Authority and a series of statutory protections for the Park Lands At the time the Act was proclaimed Premier Mike Rann announced 29 that a major return of alienated Park Lands would be made at the western edge of the city The area to be returned 5 5 hectares of land at the west end of Park 25 occupied since 1879 by the Thebarton Water Depot lies between East Terrace now James Congdon Drive Port Road and the railway lines The plans were unveiled in 2011 30 and the land which was mallee box woodland 31 prior to European settlement was developed and landscaped with more than 23 000 trees and shrubs as an urban forest 30 It features indigenous species including native pine In 2017 2018 land at the east end of Park 25 has been used by the South Australian Cricket Association for the development of the Karen Rolton Oval and associated facilities including car parking Parks edit nbsp Adelaide and North Adelaide are surrounded by the Park Lands divided into 29 numbered parks Town acres are shown in pink open park land in green and built up areas of park land in grey Although it is a single park for management purposes the Adelaide City Council has used the last two digits of survey sections as labels to identify smaller areas within the Adelaide Park Lands In some but not all cases roadways crossing over the Park Lands coincide with the survey section boundaries that gave rise to council s numbering from Park 1 to Park 29 The numbering which starts in the North Park Lands at the Adelaide Golf Links and increases clockwise around the perimeter was applied in September 1882 32 Some of the parks are more commonly known by a commemorative name e g Rymill Park but others such as Park 10 are still known mostly by their number Dual naming edit Since the Adelaide City Council drew up a Reconciliation Vision Statement in 1997 they committed to a dual naming project working with Kaurna Warra Pintyanthi a Kaurna language project run by the University of Adelaide in collaboration with Kaurna advisors The dual naming covers the city centre and North Adelaide including the six public squares and Adelaide park lands Erection of signs in each of the parks was completed on 30 June 2004 33 with some of the spellings being revised in the 2010s 34 Also at that time the numbered parks that still had no English name were assigned one 35 36 Victoria Square in the centre of Adelaide city is now also known as Tarntanyangga 37 All 29 Parks around the city have been assigned a Kaurna name and the River Torrens is now also named Karrawirra Parri 38 The renaming of 39 sites was finalised and endorsed by the council in 2012 39 The full list of square and park names along with meanings and pronunciations is available on the Council website 34 Park 1 Possum Park Pirltawardli edit See also Bonython Park and Park 27 Kaurna park name and translation Pirltawardli 40 possum home 33 Pirltawardli Piltawodli pilta possum and wodli house or home 41 42 34 76 hectares 43 The name of the site has in the past been spelt Pilta wodli or Piltawodlingga in KWP s New Spelling 2010 Pirltawardli and Pirltawardlingga 44 Of an irregular shape Possum Park Pirltawardli wraps around the western end of North Adelaide in a vaguely crescent or banana shape The southern and western boundaries are provided by War Memorial Drive with Park 27 which includes Bonython Park on the other side The eastern boundary from south to north is formed by Montefiore Rd the western end of North Adelaide i e Strangways Terrace Mills Tce and Barton Tce West and Jeffcott Rd The northern boundary is formed by Park Tce It Contains the Adelaide Golf Links Kaurna and missionary history edit The history of Park 1 is bound up with that of Park 27 and Bonython Park after a succession of Protectors of Aborigines first set up a Native Location of which elements moved between the north and south sides of the River Torrens 45 Bromley s Camp the first of these was established in April 1837 on the south side of the river by Captain Walter Bromley the second interim Protector 45 He initially pitched his tent in the vicinity of the old Adelaide Gaol on land on or near the present Bonython Park also known as the Aborigines Location and later as the Old Location 46 After a few weeks Bromley moved camp to the north side of the river at the request of the Kaurna people to the site known as Piltawodli later revised to Pirltawardli 44 meaning possum place 46 and also known as the Aboriginal Location 46 It was probably a campsite used by the Kaurna and may have had some importance for ceremonies 44 This site is now within the area of the Par 3 golf course adjoining the North Adelaide Golf Links 47 and is marked by a memorial plaque at the carpark by the weir 44 erected on 26 May 2000 46 Pirltawodli was designed by the colonial government to keep Aboriginal people confined and settled in a type of reserve so that the rest of the land could be systematically colonised However it became very important for the history and later study of the Kaurna language 48 In October 1838 two German missionaries Christian Teichelmann and Clamor Schurmann and later Samuel Klose arrived setting themselves first up at the Old Location on the southern side studying the Kaurna language and teaching in that language This was the first mission in South Australia In December 1839 Schurmann opened a school supported by Governor George Gawler 46 which taught only in the Kaurna language teaching the children to read and write in their language 47 41 In 1839 the school was moved across to the north side of the river to Pirltawardli 46 49 In August 1840 Klose took over the running of the school The second interim Protector 1837 1839 William Wyatt was also involved in the running of the school 46 and was a frequent visitor to Pirltawardli 47 In the 1840s Pirltawardli comprised a fenced area of 5 7 hectares 14 acres 41 However the whole site including the school was dismantled in July 1845 on the orders of Governor George Grey 47 who thought it best to take the children away from their parents and a new Native School run by the government which taught only in English was established near what is now Kintore Avenue 47 The people s houses were destroyed by soldiers 41 The Native School closed in 1851 with the remaining children taken to Poonindie Mission at Port Lincoln on the Eyre Peninsula 46 A few people continued to camp near the house of Klose the only remaining missionary at Pirltawardli In 1846 the government build some brick sheds in part of this area and also across the river behind the new Adelaide Gaol One was for the Murray tribe who had moved to the area and a smaller number of sheds for what was left of the Adelaide tribe 46 Significance of Pirltawardli edit Pirltawardli is still of great significance to Kaurna people as well as non Indigenous South Australians Nearly all of the recorded language and early written records of Kaurna culture stem from this place documented by the missionaries who also shared their views on race relations in the new colony 46 The linguistic work of Teichelmann and Schurmann there had far reaching effects influencing later missionaries to teach in local languages aiding the work of linguists and laying the foundations for the 21st century language revival of the Kaurna and also indirectly helping in the revival of other languages after other missionaries and linguists had followed their example with other local languages 47 Records edit Apart from the missionaries other Europeans such as William Wyatt William Williams 50 48 William Cawthorne and Matthew Moorhouse wrote about the Adelaide Tribe in their memoirs 47 48 William Williams was keeper of the Colonial Store at nearby Tininyawardli or Tinninyawodli which was just south of where Strangways Terrace was built He published a list of 377 Kaurna words published in the Southern Australian on 15 May 1839 and republished in the South Australian Colonist in the following year 47 William Cawthorne a frequent visitor and close friend of Kadlitpina Captain Jack loved the Kaurna Palti corroboree and their material culture and was responsible for recording many names of artefacts 47 His Rough Notes on the Manners and Customs of the Natives written in 1844 was published in the 1925 26 Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia SA Branch 51 Moorhouse Protector from 1839 until 1857 lived at Pirltawardli and worked closely with the missionaries There is only one remaining page of his diary containing several Kaurna songlines not recorded elsewhere but much information has been gleaned from his reports and official correspondence 47 Park 2 Denise Norton Park Pardipardinyilla edit Pardipardinyilla 52 swimming place 53 34 33 17 hectares 54 Denise Norton was the first South Australian to represent Australia at the Olympic or Commonwealth Games in the sport of swimming 52 Approximately square the park is bounded by Fitzroy Tce to the north Prospect Rd to the east Barton Tce West to the south and Jeffcott Rd to the west The Park provides a range of formal and informal facilities for cricket swimming tennis and family picnics The north west corner of the Park contains the Adelaide Aquatic Centre picnic facilities and the Bush Magic playground The remainder of the Park includes sporting facilities open space and vegetation designed and semi natural landscapes The Adelaide Swimming Centre was relocated to this Park in 1968 9 to replace the old City Baths on the current site of the Festival Centre It was renovated enclosed and renamed Adelaide Aquatic Centre in 1985 It was renovated again in 1998 The Bush Magic Play Park was designed in 1988 and is important as a precedent for the contemporary generation of play spaces around the Park Lands and metropolitan Adelaide It was the first play park in SA to incorporate wheelchair access Sporting facilities which are currently held under an annual licence to Blackfriars Priory School include change rooms five playing fields and four tennis courts The licence covers an area of approximately 35 of the Park The school has first right of use of these areas on weekday afternoons after school and on Saturday mornings Park 3 Yam Daisy Park Kantarilla edit Kantarilla 55 kandara root place 56 34 33 3 3 hectares 57 A small triangle bounded by Prospect Rd west Fitzroy Tce north and Main North Rd east Contains open park Park 4 Reservoir Park Kangatilla edit Kangatilla 58 kangatta berry place 59 34 33 9 4 hectares 57 Approximately pentagonal bounded by O Connell Street west Main North Road north west Lefevre Road north east and east and Barton Terrace East south Contains open and wooded park with SA Water facilities at the western end The former Fitzroy Croquet Club was located in the northern corner of the Park and there were two ovals in the middle of the Park The main structure of the SA Water facilities is a State Heritage listed earth covered reservoir dating from the 1870s that stores and supplies water to Adelaide Associated with this are a two storey red brick pumping station a small brick pumping station heavily painted in Brunswick green and an electricity sub station 57 58 Park 5 Bragg Park Ngampa Yarta edit Ngampa Yarta 60 ngampa root ground 61 34 33 57 In the late 1800s Nobel Prize winners and University of Adelaide academics Sir William Henry Bragg and his son Sir William Lawrence Bragg lived nearby 60 Of irregular shape the park is bounded by Robe Terrace NE Medindie Road SE Lefevre Road W and Main North Road NW Contains two small ovals surrounded by wooded park There is also a Tree Planting Memorial erected in 1982 by the North Adelaide Society to recognise the community tree planting efforts in the locality 57 Park 6 Lefevre Park Nantu Wama edit Nantu Wama 62 horse plain 33 or male grey kangaroo plain 63 34 64 One of Lefevre Park s borders is Lefevre Terrace Sir J G Shaw Lefevre 1797 1879 a British barrister Whig politician and civil servant was one of South Australia s colonisation commissioners 62 Roughly trapezoidal the park is bounded by Robe Terrace NNE Kingston Terrace SE Lefevre Terrace WSW and Medindie Road NW Contains open park mainly used for horse agistment There are three main paddocks four feeding yards five horse troughs and a number of sandpits for the horses to roll in There is a limit of 20 horses and those licensed pay a weekly fee In 2005 the fee was 19 50 per week 64 According to the adelaideparklands com au website 100 000 kg of horse manure is deposited by the resident horses on this park each year 62 The open areas are surrounded by woodland There is a playground on the western boundary Lefevre Tce one of the three Glover Playgrounds originally built in 1920 which also contains BBQ facilities and wide lawn spaces The eastern third contains assorted playing fields changing rooms tennis courts and netball courts Wilderness School holds a licence for eight tennis courts also marked for netball one cricket oval two cricket practice nets and three hockey softball ovals In 2005 there was also a green painted brick structure with a flat roof erected in the late 1960s which appears to have an undefined purpose and use 64 Park 7 The Olive Groves Kuntingga edit Kuntingga 65 kunti root place 33 66 34 Park 7 67 Park 8 The Olive Groves Parngutilla edit Parngutilla 68 barngutta root place 33 69 34 Park 8 67 Parks 7 and 8 are small and elongated parks with a combined area of 4 7 hectares separating the east end of lower North Adelaide from Gilberton and contain heritage listed olive groves They act effectively as an enlarged median strip with the major ring route of Park Terrace southbound and Mann Road northbound traversing the perimeter of both parks 67 These parks were one of the first sites for the European settlers plantings of olives and are the only section of the Park Lands that have kept the same use since the Council took over formal care of the Park Lands in the 1860s The olive plantation is listed as a State Heritage Place 67 Park 9 Bundey s Paddock Tidlangga edit Tidlangga 70 tidla root place 33 71 34 72 William Bundey 1826 1889 was the Mayor of Adelaide 1883 1886 70 A triangular shape bounded by Mackinnon Parade NE Bundeys Road S and Hackney Road W Contains assorted playing fields and changing rooms An oval is licensed to Prince Alfred College on Saturday afternoons and Thursday evenings In the past contained a number of grass and bitumen tennis courts which have fallen into dis repair and been removed 72 Park 10 Bulrush Park Warnpangga edit Main article Park 10 Warnpangga 73 bullrush root place 33 74 34 19 hectares 75 Bounded by War Memorial Drive Bundey s Road MacKinnon Road MacKinnon Parade Finnis and Frome Road The Park is dominated by a number of sporting ovals and associated facilities licensed to the University of Adelaide including a tennis pavilion a grandstand and changing rooms The Park also contains The Adelaide Archery Club rooms in the north eastern corner of the Park The University Loop a well used 2 2 km 1 4 mi gravel running track which encircles part of the Park The Adelaide City Council Organic Recycling Depot Nursery approx 1 6 hectares comprising an Office Building 3 sheds 6 glass houses a shade house and 6 propagating plant frames The Lower North Adelaide Soldiers Memorial Garden located in the north of the Park A number of sculptures located in 1994 on the edge of the River Torrens A small playgroundPark 11 Mistletoe Park Tainmuntilla edit Tainmuntilla 76 mistletoe place 33 77 34 75 A quite large piece of land bounded by the River Torrens north Hackney Road east North Terrace south and Frome Road west It contains the Zoological Gardens the Botanic Gardens the Botanic Park the Wine Centre Frome Park Nellie Raminyermmerin Park 78 the old Royal Adelaide Hospital RAH site the Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science IMVS the old Medical School of the University of Adelaide site and several University of South Australia buildings Park 12 Red Gum Park Karrawirra edit Main article Park 12 Karrawirra 79 river red gum forest 33 karra red gum tree wirra forest 80 34 81 Contains many buildings parks memorials and statues see Park 12 for a more complete list Park 12 is bisected by the river The northern part contains the Peace Park the Cross of Sacrifice Pennington Gardens East Angas Gardens several boat houses and several University playing fields The southern part contains Grundy Gardens the University of South Australia City East campus the University of Adelaide main campus Prince Henry Gardens the Art Gallery the Museum the State Library the War Memorial Government House the Torrens Parade Ground Pioneer Women s Memorial Gardens Esther Lipman Gardens Jolly s Boat House the Boer War Memorial the Jubilee 150 Walkway numerous statues and quite a lot of other odds and ends Park 13 Rundle Park Kadlitpina edit Main article Rundle Park Kadlitpina Kadlitpina formerly spelt Kadlitpinna 41 82 Captain Jack 33 named after the Kaurna elder painted by George French Angas 83 34 84 85 Kadlitpina was one of three burka or elders well known to the colonists the other two being Murlawirrapurka King John and Ityamai itpina King Rodney see also Parks 14 and 15 below His name was derived from kadli dingo dog itpinna itpina father of 41 John Rundle 1791 1864 was a British Whig politician and businessman who was one of the original directors and financiers of the South Australia Company Since 2000 in February March of most years the park has been the site of the Garden of Unearthly Delights during the Adelaide Fringe 86 Park 14 Rymill Park Murlawirrapurka edit nbsp Rymill Park at sunset Main article Rymill Park Murlawirrapurka Mullawirrapurka Mullawirraburka 41 also known as King John 87 33 48 King Jack or Onkaparinga Jack 88 was the Kaurna leader or burka elder 41 of the Aldinga Willunga area 89 34 90 and employed as a native constable 88 His name was derived from mulla dry wirra forest burka elder He was one of three elders well known to the colonists along with Kadlitpina see above and Ityamai itpina below and more is known about him than any other Kaurna person of that time 41 Sir Arthur Rymill 1907 1989 was Lord Mayor of Adelaide 1950 1953 91 Park 15 King Rodney Park Ityamai itpina edit Ityamai itpina formerly spelt Ityamai itpinna 41 92 known to colonists as King Rodney 33 was one of the three main Kaurna elders with whom the colonists negotiated 93 34 94 along with Mullawirraburka King John and Kadlitpina Captain Jack He was one of the first Kaurna people met by the colonists and was the father of Iparrityi and husband to Tangkaira His name was derived from the name of a person student at Pirltawardli see above and itpinna father of 41 He was respected as an elder and negotiator and his focus was on reconciliation between the settlers and the Kaurna people 95 There are no known photographs or drawings of Ityamai itpina 96 Ityamai itpina contains one of the three Glover Playgrounds the Glover East Playspace It has an olive grove planted in 1872 blue gums trees along Wakefield Road and an avenue of pepper trees dating from the early 20th century and Botanic Creek runs through it There are sports fields used by Christian Brothers College and others including a basketball court and a skate park In the middle of the Adelaide Street Circuit it borders the Tour Down Under cycling event each January and the international equestrian three day event uses the park each November 97 There is a 1 6 kilometre 0 99 mi walking trail around the park 98 In 2021 due to the COVID 19 pandemic in Australia the WOMADelaide music festival was held in King Rodney Park Ityamai itpina instead of its usual location at Botanic Park so that the venue could comply with the restrictions necessary to prevent any possible spread of COVID 19 although there was no community transmission at the time in Adelaide 95 99 Park 16 Victoria Park Pakapakanthi edit Main article Victoria Park Adelaide Pakapakanthi Bakkabakkandi 100 101 derived from the Kaurna word meaning to trot a term applied to horses 33 102 34 is a large park comprising 72 hectares 180 acres 103 This park used to contain the Victoria Park Racecourse and the historic buildings are retained There are sports fields in the centre and the South Park Lands creek runs through the southern part which has been revegetated with open woodland In the late eighties and early nineties part of the park was used for the Adelaide F1 It forms part of the Adelaide Street Circuit for the Adelaide 500 motor race and it is used for the international equestrian three day event in November 101 Park 17 Carriageway Park Tuthangga edit nbsp Tuttangga 104 meaning grass place 33 105 34 106 has an avenue of elm trees planted in the 1860s to line a former carriageway 35 104 The Park Lands Creek runs through the park Historically from 1837 the park was the site of Elm Avenue Desert Ash Avenue and an Engineering and Water Supply E amp WS reservoir There are numerous licensees of sporting facilities and clubrooms including the SA Dog Obedience Club and the SA Croquet Club 106 On 14 May 2021 a scheduled cultural burn took place Tuthangga by representatives of the Kaurna people in a highly symbolic moment after years of preparation to restore the ancient practice The project called Kaurna Kardla Parranthi was undertaken with the support of the City of Adelaide 107 and was part of the ecological management plan for a key area of biodiversity in the park 108 109 Six months later an informal inspection revealed about 12 species of native grass and very few weeds in the area burnt Bush for Life and various experts are continuing to monitor outcomes 110 Park 18 Peppermint Park Wita Wirra edit Wita Wirra 111 meaning peppermint grove place 33 wita peppermint tree wirra forest or bush 112 34 113 This park south of South Terrace contains Adelaide Himeji Garden and Osmond Gardens 114 Park 19 Pelzer Park Pityarilla edit Pityarilla Pityarilla 115 marshmallow root place 33 116 34 23ha 117 August Pelzer was Adelaide s city gardener from 1899 to 1932 115 A large triangular park bounded by Glen Osmond Road The Park Lands Creek runs across the middle of the Park Open park and playing fields Also contains The Marshmallow Park recreation hub 117 In 2005 there were leases and licences to Adelaide City Junior Soccer Club for five soccer pitches and club rooms St Aloysius College for four tennis courts and change rooms Adelaide Comets Soccer Club for a single soccer pitch and building 117 Park 20 Blue Gum Park Kurangga edit Kurrangga 118 blue gum place 33 119 34 30 1ha 120 Contains a boule petanque area assorted playing fields a mountain bike BMX bike track one of the three Glover Playgrounds et al Licences and leases include Pulteney Grammar School 6 ovals cricket nets 3 lawn tennis courts 2 grass volleyball courts and facilities Adelaide Harriers Athletics Club athletics oval running track Club d Petanque d Adelaide TreeClimb High Ropes Adventure Course and others 120 Park 21 Veale Park Walyu Yarta edit Veale Park contains Veale Gardens Walyu Yarta 121 walyu root ground 33 122 34 31ha 123 Contains Veale Gardens assorted playing fields et al Park 21W Golden Wattle Park Mirnu Wirra edit nbsp Mirnu Wirra 124 golden wattle grove 33 125 34 31ha 126 Contains Princess Elizabeth Playground Lundie Gardens assorted playing fields et al Park 22 Josie Agius Park Wikaparntu Wirra edit Wikaparntu Wirra Wikaparndo Wirra 127 netball park 33 wika net parndo ball wirra forest bush 128 34 15 1ha 129 Josie Agius was a Kaurna elder who supported girls sport 127 Contains about 20 netball courts a small amount of aged seating for spectators and a building containing a small kiosk netball administration rooms and a toilet block Park 23 G S Kingston Park Wirrarninthi edit G S Kingston Park contains Kingston Gardens Wirrarninthi Warranendi 130 to become transformed into a green and forested area 33 131 34 57 43 ha 132 Sir George Strickland Kingston was Deputy Surveyor General under Colonel Light one of the party that found the River Torrens and first Speaker of the South Australian House of Assembly 130 Contains Edwards Park West Terrace Cemetery Kingston Gardens West Terrace playground et al The park is divided into northern and southern areas by the cemetery The cemetery is a State Heritage Place managed by the Adelaide Cemeteries Authority which reports to the State Government The southern part of the park used between 1939 and 2000 by the South Australian Netball Association is called Edwards Park named after Councillor A A Edwards 132 Park 24 Ellis Park Tampawardli edit Ellis Park is one of the parks in Park 24 Tampawardli 133 Tampawardli Tambawodli plain place 33 134 34 35 7ha 135 Val Bertram Harold Ellis served as City of Adelaide Director of Parks and Recreation from 1966 83 133 Contains the State Heritage listed Adelaide High School buildings and assorted sports grounds It was the site of the former now demolished Emigration Square 1837 1849 the former Observatory and the Post and Telegraph Store off West Terrace depicted in Colonel Light s 1837 Plan for Adelaide 3 133 135 Park 25 Gladys Elphick Park Narnungga edit Narnungga 136 native pine place 33 137 34 24ha 138 Gladys Elphick MBE was a Kaurna elder who among other things was founding president of the Council of Aboriginal Women of South Australia 1964 73 136 The park is bisected by the Adelaide Melbourne railway line The eastern part contains assorted sports grounds including the Karen Rolton Oval at the east end of the park Until the buildings were demolished in November 2010 the park also contained SA Water land and buildings on the western side of the railway line 139 this western section has since been revegetated In October 2020 in the opening round of the 2020 21 Sheffield Shield season Park 25 hosted its maiden first class cricket match 140 Park 26 Adelaide Oval Tarntanya Wama edit Although Adelaide Oval dominates the north part of the park there are many other parks gardens and buildings on both sides of the River Torrens in Park 26 Tarntanya Wama Tarndanya Womma 141 Adelaide plain oval tarnda red kangaroo kanya rock and womma plain oval 33 142 34 54 1ha 143 Like Park 12 it is bisected by the River Torrens The northern part contains the Adelaide Oval Creswell Gardens Memorial Drive Park Pinky Flat Oval Number 2 Stella Bowen Park Light s Vision and Pennington Gardens West The southern part contains Parliament House Old Parliament House Adelaide railway station Adelaide Casino the Riverbank development the Convention Centre assorted boat houses the Festival Centre and Elder Park Park 27 Bonython Park Tulya Wardli edit For the history of this park see Park 1 and Bonython Park Park 27 Tulya Wardli also spelt Tulya Wodli contains a number of parks only one of which is Bonython Park 144 33 145 34 It is a large irregular shaped area of bounded by the tram line West Terrace and Port Road south south west west Park Terrace north west Memorial Drive north east east north east north and the Morphett St Bridge east 118 ha 290 acres It is dissected by railway lines and the River Torrens and much of the south eastern part of the park is occupied by the new Royal Adelaide Hospital and Medical Research and Teaching precincts and is not accessible to the public It contains several buildings other structures and features The park is made up of a number of separate sections several of which have land managers which are not the City of Adelaide A strip of land between the river and the railway yards west of the Morphett Street Bridge given to the council in the 1990s contained contaminated land 146 The park contains the Torrens Weir restaurant and Par 3 putting course the Dame Roma Mitchell Gardens the Old Adelaide Gaol the Bonython Park the John E Brown Park 147 the Mary Lee Park the Helen Mayo Park the Kate Cocks Park and the Deceased Workers Memorial Forest 148 149 As of 2006 buildings and other structures included the Thebarton Police Barracks which includes the Road Safety Centre 150 the new Royal Adelaide Hospital SAHMRI South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute various hospital and University of Adelaide buildings on the former site of the City Sk8 Park the remainder of the railway yard the bulk of which was relocated to Dry Creek assorted broad gauge and standard gauge railway lines and bridges six tennis courts some boat houses and rowing clubs clubhouses 139 As of 2017 update it was planned that should the Women s and Children s Hospital be moved from North Adelaide and relocated to Park 27 There were also plans for a second SAHMRI building and a private hospital 151 In September 2022 the state government announced that the Thebarton Police Barracks comprising 10 buildings which are state heritage listed would be demolished in order to allow construction of a new Women s and Children s Hospital planned for opening around 2030 31 The site covers 20 000 m2 220 000 sq ft 152 The South Australian Heritage Council the Australian Institute of Architects and many others have voiced their concerns about the loss of the historic building 153 154 Park 28 Palmer Gardens Pangki Pangki edit Pangki Pangki 155 Pangki Pangki was a Kaurna person who was a tracker and guide 33 156 34 157 Colonel George Palmer 1799 1883 was a South Australian Colonisation Commissioner 155 Park 29 Brougham Gardens Tantutitingga edit Tantutitingga Tandotittingga 158 Native lilac place 33 159 34 160 Lord Brougham 1778 1868 was Lord High Chancellor of the United Kingdom and founder of the London University 158 Brougham Gardens are surrounded by Brougham Place North Adelaide Planned parks editOther parks are the location for institutions requiring large expanses of turf or other greenery Planned parks such as these include Adelaide Botanic Gardens Park 11 Adelaide Botanic Park Park 11 Adelaide High School s sports grounds Park 24 Adelaide Himeji Garden Park 18 Adelaide Golf Links Park 1 Victoria Park Racecourse Park 16 Adelaide Street Circuit Surrounding Parks 14 amp 15 and inside Park 16 Adelaide Oval Park 26 Elder Park Park 26 Veale Gardens Park 21 Buildings institutions within the Park Lands editAdelaide Aquatic Centre Park 2 Adelaide Botanic Garden Park 11 Adelaide Botanic High School Park 11 Adelaide Convention Centre Park 26 Adelaide Festival Centre Park 26 Adelaide Gaol Park 27 Adelaide High School Park 24 Adelaide Oval Park 26 Adelaide Park Lands Terminal Park 23 Adelaide railway station Park 26 Adelaide University Boat Club Park 12 Adelaide Zoo Park 11 Art Gallery of South Australia Park 12 Botanic Park Park 11 Government House Park 12 Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science Park 11 Memorial Drive Park 26 Mile End railway station Park 24 National War Memorial Park 12 National Wine Centre Park 11 North Adelaide railway station Park 27 Parliament House Park 26 Royal Adelaide Hospital Old site Park 11 New site Park 27 South Australian Museum Park 12 State Library of South Australia Park 12 Thebarton Police Barracks Park 27 Torrens Parade Ground Park 12 University of Adelaide City main campus Park 12 University of South Australia City East campus Park 12 Victoria Park Racecourse buildings Park 16 West Terrace Cemetery Park 23 North Terrace forms the southern boundary of these establishments Now demolished buildings structures which were built on the Park Lands include Jubilee Exhibition Building 1887 1962 Park 12 Jubilee Exhibition Railway 1887 1927 Park 12 Park Land preservation movement editSince the Park Lands were set apart by William Light as part of his original 1837 Plan of the City of Adelaide and intended by the city founders to be reserved as public walks in perpetuity any development can be seen to go against the founding ambitions for Adelaide and be a source of controversy in the community In response to incessant pressure and erosion there have been many defenders of the Adelaide Park Lands In 1987 a public meeting was held which resulted in the formation of the Adelaide Parklands Preservation Association Inc APPA which later corrected its name to Adelaide Park Lands Preservation Association Inc 161 and in 2021 removed Preservation from its name which is now Adelaide Park Lands Association Inc APA Examples of such pressure and erosion are listed on APA s Current Issues page 162 An example of one such source of controversy is the Victoria Park racecourse and associated areas south east of the city centre which have been used for motor racing events for short periods of each year In 2008 these parts of the Park Lands were targeted for development incurring opposition from members of the community 163 164 The proposed plans included construction of a permanent corporate facility to provide hospitality and spectator facilities to select groups at events such as the Adelaide 500 motor racing event On 30 August 2007 veteran Adelaide heritage consultant and conservation architect Ron Danvers 165 166 said it was a myth that Adelaide s founding fathers created the parklands sic exclusively for open space and that it was self evident that Colonel William Light s 1837 plan of Adelaide envisaged development of facilities beyond the CBD 167 In a submission to the Adelaide City Council 167 Mr Danvers said the state Government s 55 million plan for a grandstand at Victoria Park for horse and motor racing was completely consistent with the founding principles for the city Under Light s direction the intention to locate public facilities outside of the main street grid is beyond question he said in a report commissioned by developers KBR 167 168 After counter arguments were expressed the proposal was dropped 169 170 171 172 173 174 See also editList of Adelaide parks and gardensReferences edit a b The Park Lands The Herald 6 September 1902 p 7 Archived from the original on 1 May 2018 Retrieved 30 April 2018 via Trove CLMP for Tambawodli Park 24 p 6 a b c d e Margaret Anderson 31 December 2013 Light s Plan of Adelaide 1837 Adelaidia Archived from the original on 18 August 2017 Retrieved 5 May 2018 Includes a watercolour and ink plan drawn by 16 year old draughtsman Robert George Thomas to instructions from Light The streets were named by a Street Naming Committee that met on 23 May 1837 indicating that this plan must have been completed after that date a b Fiction and Facts about the Adelaide Park Lands Archived 13 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine Adelaide Park Lands Preservation Association In 1902 The Herald noted that a total area of 489 acres 198 ha had been taken from park lands made up of a Government reserve of 312 acres 126 ha the area from the Botanic Gardens in the east to the Railway Station and yards in the west the cemetery 60 acres 24 ha the goal 19 acres 7 7 ha water amp sewage support facilities 21 acres 8 5 ha and railway land 71 acres 29 ha The Herald 6 September 1902 p 7 a b c d Park Lands Source Sheet No 23 PDF Adelaide City Council Archives Archived from the original PDF on 20 August 2006 Retrieved 16 May 2006 Jim Daly March 2007 New Authority meets PDF Parklands News Adelaide Park Lands Preservation Association 26 2 Archived from the original PDF on 15 April 2010 Retrieved 2 May 2010 Charter PDF Adelaide Park Lands Authority Adelaide City Council December 2006 Archived from the original PDF on 28 September 2011 Retrieved 2 May 2010 Hon Peter Garrett Media Release 7 November 2008 The Adelaide Park Lands and City Layout National Heritage Place Archived 19 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine www environment gov au Map of City of Adelaide showing the Park Lands and the areas excluded white from the listing a b William Light sketch map of the site of Adelaide c Feb 1837 a b Dutton Francis 1846 South Australia and its mines With an historical sketch of the colony under its several administrations to the period of Captain Grey s departure Adelaide T and W Boone p 117 Retrieved 22 October 2019 Original from Oxford University Digitized 2 October 2007 Regulation No 7 within Management and Sale of Land Emigration Regulations South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register 18 June 1836 p 4 Archived from the original on 22 August 2017 Retrieved 22 August 2017 via Trove Fort Carol 2008 Keeping a Trust South Australia s Wyatt Benevolent Institution and Its Founder Adelaide Wakefield Press p 37 ISBN 978 1 86254 782 7 Retrieved 22 October 2019 Burns Ross 2005 Damascus A History Routledge p 39 Higgins Hannah 2009 The Grid Book Cambridge Massachusetts MIT Press p 60 ISBN 978 0 262 51240 4 Dash Architects 17 December 2018 Adelaide Park Lands and city layout Issues and opportunity analysis for the national heritage listing PDF South Australia Department for Environment and Water DA183635 a b The Adelaide park lands and city layout PDF Australian Government Dept for the Environment Water Heritage amp the Arts 9 July 2007 Retrieved 22 October 2019 Colonization Commissioners Dispatch to the Resident Commissioner 1838 State Records of South Australia Bills Payable Colonization Commissioners for South Australia 1839 State Records of South Australia House of Lords Sessional Papers Colonial Dept 1840 p 187 Inman first commander of the SA Police by Max Slee Adelaide 2010 pp 57 138 MAMMALS OF THE NEIGHBOUR HOOD OF ADELAIDE South Australian Register Adelaide SA 1839 1900 17 November 1890 p 3 Retrieved 13 September 2020 RABBIT BANDICOOT Saturday Journal Adelaide SA 1923 1929 14 August 1926 p 12 Retrieved 13 September 2020 Kaurna food culture in Tarntanya Adelaide stretches back millennia CityMag 1 July 2019 Retrieved 13 September 2020 Adelaide City Council Reconciliation www adelaide edu au Retrieved 13 September 2020 Greater Bilby AWC Australian Wildlife Conservancy Retrieved 13 September 2020 Adrian Shackley Understanding pre European Adelaide plains and foothills vegetation associations managing remnants and recreating grasslands PDF City of Salisbury South Australia p Slide 2 Archived PDF from the original on 22 August 2017 Retrieved 22 August 2017 Old depot to become urban forest The Advertiser 15 December 2006 archived at News amp Discussion Squares and Parklands sensational adelaide com Retrieved 22 March 2023 a b Greg Kelton 24 August 2011 Park project will transform site AdelaideNow Archived from the original on 27 March 2014 Retrieved 22 March 2023 2020 Forests and Woodlands of the Adelaide Plains in 1836 Urban Forest Biodiversity Program Planning SA Retrieved 23 March 2023 Summerlink Patricia 2011 The Adelaide Park Lands A Social History Wakefield Press Australia p 263 ISBN 978 1 86254 914 2 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Kaurna Place Naming Adelaide City Council c late 2004 archived 16 January 2012 Archived from the original on 16 January 2012 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Kaurna Place Naming City of Adelaide Retrieved 14 December 2019 a b Adelaide Park Lands Named Areas and features PDF adelaideparklands com au City of Adelaide 2017 Archived PDF from the original on 28 March 2018 Retrieved 7 May 2018 Park Lands Naming Map 2017 Final version PDF adelaideparklands com au City of Adelaide 2017 Archived PDF from the original on 28 March 2018 Retrieved 1 May 2018 Victoria Square Tarntanyangga City of Adelaide Archived from the original on 27 April 2019 Retrieved 27 April 2019 Adelaide City Council Placenaming Initiatives Kaurna Warra Pintyanthi Retrieved 27 April 2019 Kaurna place naming Recognising Kaurna heritage through physical features of the city City of Adelaide Retrieved 29 November 2019 Possum Park Pirltawardli Park 1 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au a b c d e f g h i j k Amery Rob Williams Georgina 2002 Reclaiming through renaming the reinstatement of Kaurna toponyms in Adelaide and the Adelaide Plains PDF The land is a map placenames of Indigenous origin in Australia Pandanus pp 255 276 ISBN 1 74076 020 4 Retrieved 7 March 2021 via Adelaide Research amp Scholarship University of Adelaide Sign site 1 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org CLMP Community Land Management Plan for Piltawodli Park 1 formally adopted 26 June 2006 Community Land Management Plans Park Lands and Sustainability Business Unit Adelaide City Council Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 19 November 2010 Retrieved 26 June 2017 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link 3Mb 75 pages a b c d Schultz Chester 24 September 2019 Piltawodli Pirltawardli PDF The Southern Kaurna Place Names Project University of Adelaide PNS 2 04 Archived from the original PDF on 8 December 2019 Retrieved 8 December 2019 a b Adelaide Park Lands Preservation Association with research support from Department of the Environment Biodiversity Conservation Division Bonython Park First settlement and Kaurna significance Adelaide City Explorer Retrieved 7 December 2019 a b c d e f g h i j Harris Rhondda 6 February 2014 Pirltawadli SA History Hub 1 June 2017 updated spelling ed Retrieved 7 December 2019 revised version of an entry first published in The Wakefield Companion to South Australian History edited by Wilfrid Prest Kerrie Round and Carol Fort Adelaide Wakefield Press 2001 a b c d e f g h i j Amery Rob Piltawodli Native Location 1838 1845 German missionaries in Australia Griffith University Retrieved 8 December 2019 a b c d Amery Rob 2016 4 A Sociolinguistic History of Kaurna Warraparna Kaurna Reclaiming an Australian language JSTOR Open Access monographs University of Adelaide Press p 64 ISBN 978 1 925261 25 7 JSTOR 10 20851 j ctt1sq5wgq 13 Retrieved 11 January 2021 via JSTOR Also on Google Books Directions from North Adelaide Golf Course to North Adelaide Par 3 Golf Course access date 8 December 2019 Google Maps William Williams B 5839 Photograph photo and text State Library of South Australia Retrieved 9 December 2019 W A Cawthorne draws avid interest in South Australian Aboriginal customs at 1855 exhibit of his 200 sketches AdelaideAZ Retrieved 9 December 2019 a b Denise Norton Park Pardipardinyilla Park 2 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Sign site 2 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org CLMP for Padipadinyilla Park 2 formally adopted 22 August 2005 Community Land Management Plans Park Lands and Sustainability Business Unit Adelaide City Council Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 28 July 2011 Retrieved 5 December 2010 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link 1Mb 42 pages Yam Daisy Park Kantarilla Park 3 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Sign site 3 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org a b c d e CLMP for Kandarilla Park 3 Kangattilla Park 4 and Ngampa Yerta Park 5 formally adopted 14 November 2005 Community Land Management Plans Park Lands and Sustainability Business Unit Adelaide City Council Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 19 November 2010 Retrieved 5 December 2010 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link 2Mb 46 pages a b Reservoir Park Kangatilla Park 4 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Sign site 4 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org a b Bragg Park Ngampa Yarta Park 5 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Sign site 5 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org a b c Lefevre Park Nantu Wama Park 6 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Sign site 6 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org a b c CLMP for Nanto Womma Park 6 formally adopted 28 November 2005 Community Land Management Plans Park Lands and Sustainability Business Unit Adelaide City Council Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 19 November 2010 Retrieved 5 December 2010 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link 2Mb 52 pages The Olive Groves Kuntingga Park 7 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Sign site 7 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org a b c d CLMP for Kuntingga Park 7 and Barnguttilla Park 8 formally adopted 14 November 2005 Community Land Management Plans Park Lands and Sustainability Business Unit Adelaide City Council Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 19 November 2010 Retrieved 5 December 2010 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link 2Mb 42 pages The Olive Groves Parngutilla Park 8 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Sign site 8 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org a b Bundey s Paddock Tidlangga Park 9 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Sign site 9 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org a b CLMP for Tidlangga Park 9 formally adopted 27 November 2006 Community Land Management Plans Park Lands and Sustainability Business Unit Adelaide City Council Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 19 November 2010 Retrieved 26 June 2017 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link 2Mb 38 pages Bullrush Park Warnpangga Park 10 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Sign site 10 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org a b CLMP for Warnpangga Park 10 amp Tainmundilla Park 11 formally adopted 27 November 2006 Community Land Management Plans Park Lands and Sustainability Business Unit Adelaide City Council Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 19 November 2010 Retrieved 26 June 2017 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link 5Mb 56 pages Mistletoe Park Tainmuntilla Park 11 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Sign site 11 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org Frome Park Nellie Raminyemmerin Park Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Red Gum Park Karrawirra Park 12 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Sign site 12 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org CLMP for Karrawirra Park 12 Adelaide City Council archived 19 November 2010 7Mb 131 pages Rundle Park Kadlitpina Park 13 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Sign site 13 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org CLMP for Rundle Park Kadlitpinna Park 13 Adelaide City Council archived 19 November 2010 3Mb 47 pages Park 13 Adelaide Park Lands Preservation Association Retrieved 7 March 2021 About The Garden Archived 1 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine Park 14 Adelaide Park Lands Preservation Association 23 July 2018 Retrieved 7 March 2021 a b George Milner Stephen Kangaroo Island Pioneers Association Retrieved 11 January 2021 Sign site 14 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org CLMP for Rymill Park Mullawirraburka Park 14 Adelaide City Council archived 19 November 2010 7Mb 57 pages Rymill Park Murlawirrapurka Park 14 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Park 15 Adelaide Park Lands Preservation Association Retrieved 7 March 2021 Sign site 15 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org CLMP for Ityamaiitpinna Park 15 Adelaide City Council archived 19 November 2010 2Mb 45 pages a b Wanganeen Frank Uncle 2 December 2020 Who was Ityamai itpina King Rodney Audio 6 37 ABC Radio Interview Mornings with Spence Denny Interviewed by Sincock Troy Retrieved 7 March 2021 Adelaide Park Lands Preservation Association 47 13 Aboriginal connection to Park 15 Adelaide City Explorer National Trust South Australia amp City of Adelaide Retrieved 9 March 2021 Skate Park King Rodney Park Ityamai Itpina Corporate Keys Retrieved 7 March 2021 Trail King Rodney Park Ityamai itpina Park 15 Adelaide City Explorer Retrieved 7 March 2021 WOMADelaide Adelaide Festival Retrieved 7 March 2021 Victoria Park Pakapakanthi Park 16 Archived 1 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au a b Park 16 Adelaide Park Lands Preservation Association Retrieved 7 March 2021 Sign site 16 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org CLMP for Victoria Park Bakkabakkandi Park 16 Adelaide City Council archived 19 November 2010 3Mb 26 pages The report has 2 large and 1 very large appendices as separate downloads refer to the CLMP page for copies a b Carriageway Park Tuthangga Park 17 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Sign site 17 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org a b CLMP for Tuttangga Park 17 adopted 14 November 2005 Adelaide City Council archived 19 November 2010 2Mb 52 pages Skujins Angela 5 July 2021 Returning flame to soil CityMag Photos by Jack Fenby Retrieved 9 July 2021 Kaurna Kardla Parranthi Your Say Adelaide 5 May 2021 Retrieved 9 July 2021 Kemp Jason 13 May 2021 Kaurna cultural practise returns to the Park Lands Glam Adelaide Retrieved 9 July 2021 Skujins Angela 25 November 2021 Six months on from Kaurna Kardla Parranthi experts see growth CityMag Photos by Jack Fenby Retrieved 26 November 2021 Peppermint Park Wita Wirra Park 18 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Sign site 18 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org CLMP for Wita Wirra Park 18 Adelaide City Council archived 19 November 2010 2Mb 49 pages Steward Natasha 11 August 2011 Osmond Gardens Weekend Notes Retrieved 20 October 2019 a b Pelzer Park Pityarilla Park 19 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Sign site 19 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org a b c CLMP for Pityarrilla Park 19 formally adopted 14 November 2005 Adelaide City Council archived 19 November 2010 1Mb 50 pages Blue Gum Park Kurangga Park 20 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Sign site 20 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org a b CLMP for Kurrangga Park 20 formally adopted 14 November 2005 Adelaide City Council archived 19 November 2010 3Mb 57 pages Veale Park Walyu Yarta Park 21 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Sign site 21 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org CLMP for Walyo Yerta Park 21 formally adopted 31 July 2006 Adelaide City Council archived 19 November 2010 2Mb 49 pages Golden Wattle Park Mirnu Wirra Park 21 West Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Sign site 21West Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org CLMP for Minno Wirra Park 21 West formally adopted 23 July 2007 Adelaide City Council archived 19 November 2010 3Mb 47 pages a b Josie Agius Park Wikaparntu Wirra Park 22 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Sign site 22 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org CLMP for Wikaparndo Wirra Park 22 Adelaide City Council archived 19 November 2010 2Mb 41 pages a b G S Kingston Park Wirrarninthi Park 23 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Sign site 23 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org a b CLMP for Wirranendi Park 23 formally adopted 23 July 2007 Adelaide City Council archived 19 November 2010 5Mb 57 pages a b c Ellis Park Tampawardli Park 24 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Sign site 24 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org a b CLMP for Tambawodli Park 24 formally adopted 28 November 2005 Adelaide City Council archived 19 November 2010 3Mb 51 pages a b Gladys Elphick Park Narnungga Park 25 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Sign site 25 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org CLMP for Narnungga Park 25 formally adopted 28 November 2005 Adelaide City Council archived 19 November 2010 2Mb 48 pages a b Current Land Tenure 2006 Archived 12 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine Adelaide City Council Peaceful park prepares to host Test stars Cricket Australia Retrieved 10 October 2020 Adelaide Oval Tarntanya Wama Park 26 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Sign site 26 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org CLMP for Tarndanya Womma Park 26 Adelaide City Council archived 19 November 2010 1Mb 63 pages Bonython Park Tulya Wardli Park 27 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Sign site 27 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org CLMP for Tulya Wodli Park 27 including Bonython Park formally adopted 12 June 2007 Adelaide City Council archived 19 November 2010 7Mb 134 pages John Ednie Brown 1848 1899 John E Brown Park is the area east of the River and is named after the well known Park Lands planner whose 1860s report influenced the Park Lands as they exist today John E Brown Road leads into the park from Park Terrace Source Bonython Park Tulya Wardli Park 27 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Deceased Workers Memorial Forest Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Deceased Workers Memorial Forest Archived 10 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine monumentaustralia org au Road Safety Centre SAPOL Retrieved 25 April 2023 Outlook to a healthier future for South Australia Archived 21 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine via Fiction and Facts about the Adelaide Park Lands Archived 13 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine Adelaide Park Lands Preservation Association accessed 5 May 2018 Richards Stephanie 27 September 2022 Police barracks to be razed for 3 billion Women s and Children s Hospital InDaily Retrieved 25 April 2023 Tomevska Sara 27 September 2022 New SA Women s and Children s Hospital to be built at heritage listed Thebarton site ABC News Australia Retrieved 25 April 2023 An update on the new SA Women s and Children s Hospital Australian Institute of Architects 28 November 2022 Retrieved 25 April 2023 a b Palmer Gardens Pangki Pangki Park 28 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Sign site 28 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org CLMP for Palmer Gardens Pangki Pangki Park 28 formally adopted 22 August 2005 Adelaide City Council archived 19 November 2010 1Mb 38 pages a b Brougham Gardens Tantutitingga Park 29 Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine adelaideparklands com au Sign site 29 Adelaide City Council archived 20 November 2010 via web archive org Brougham Gardens Tandotittingga Park 29 formally adopted 22 August 2005 Adelaide City Council archived 19 November 2010 3Mb 40 pages About APPA Archived 28 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine Adelaide Parklands Preservation Association Inc Current Issues Adelaide Park Lands Association Adelaide parklands asn au Retrieved 19 July 2022 Victoria Park Bakkabakkandi Masterplan dead link Department for Transport Energy and Infrastructure DTEI Adelaide Parklands Preservation Association Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine website Chris Bowe 2004 Restoration of true purpose The Adelaide Review Archived 8 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine dasharchitects Archived 18 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine Danvers Schultz Holland Architects Pty Ltd website a b c Article on conservation architect Ron Danvers submission to the Adelaide City Council appearing in The Advertiser page 28 30 August 2007 Craig Bildstien 29 August 2007 Grandstand suits Light s city vision The Advertiser Help save the Adelaide Parklands Archived 27 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine www gdp research com au Mark Hamilton 13 April 2010 Parkland poachers mar vision for city The Advertiser Archived from the original on 27 November 2010 Retrieved 25 November 2010 via GDP Research Brad Crouch 30 May 2010 Parklands for plunder Sunday Mail Archived from the original on 27 November 2010 Retrieved 25 November 2010 via GDP Research Tim Lloyd 21 August 2004 The Race for our Parklands Heritage Matters The Advertiser Archived from the original on 27 November 2010 Retrieved 25 November 2010 via GDP Research Steve Condous 9 March 2007 Keep hands off Adelaide s unique parklands The Advertiser Archived from the original on 27 November 2010 Retrieved 25 November 2010 via www gdp research com au Rex Jory 25 September 2006 Don t let our parklands be lost forever The Advertiser Archived from the original on 27 November 2010 Retrieved 25 November 2010 via GDP Research Adelaide Park Lands Act 2005 Archived from the original on 29 September 2007 Retrieved 16 May 2006 Government of South Australia Adelaide Parklands map PDF Archived from the original PDF on 17 July 2005 Retrieved 16 May 2006 Adelaide Park Lands and City Layout South Australia Location Boundary plan PDF Government of South Australia Department of the Environment Water Heritage and the Arts Archived from the original PDF on 6 December 2010 Retrieved 10 March 2010 List of Community Land Management Plans Adelaide City Council archived 19 November 2010Further reading editSummerling Patricia 2011 The Adelaide Park Lands A Social History Wakefield Press Australia ISBN 978 1 86254 914 2 National Heritage Places Adelaide Park Lands and City Layout Australian Government Dept of the Environment and Energy Pirltawardli Adelaidia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Adelaide Park Lands amp oldid 1175709601 Park 11, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, 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