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Coffee filter

A coffee filter is a filter used for various coffee brewing methods including but not limited to drip coffee filtering. Filters made of paper (disposable), cloth (reusable), or plastic, metal or porcelain (permanent) are used.[nb 1] Paper and cloth filters require the use of some kind of filter holder, whereas filters made out of other materials may present an integral part of the holder or not, depending on construction. The filter allows the liquid coffee to flow through, but traps the coffee grounds.

Ground coffee being poured into a paper filter inserted in a Chemex filter holder and caraffe

Overview edit

 
Used coffee filter
 
Micro photo of a paper filter

Paper filters remove oily components called diterpenes (like cafestol and kahweol).[1] Metal, nylon or porcelain mesh filters do not remove these components.[2][nb 1] These organic compounds, present in unfiltered coffee, have anti-inflammatory properties.[3][nb 2] Several studies also indicate that the mild consumption of paper-filtered coffee may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease due to reducing these compounds.[4][5]

Coffee filters of paper are made from about 100 g/m2 filter paper. The raw materials (pulp) for the filter paper are coarse long fiber, often from fast-growing trees, i.e. Melitta uses up to 60% of bambus in their filters since 1998.[6] Both bleached and unbleached filters are made.[7]

Typically, coffee filters are made up of filaments approximately 20 micrometres wide, which allow particles through that are less than approximately 10 to 15 micrometres.[8][9]

Some baristas claim that paper filters exhibit a "paperish" taste[10] and recommend to wash out the filter with a flush of hot water before filling the ground coffee into the filter.

Since paper filters filter out some components the resulting coffee is said to taste somewhat fruitier compared to permanent filters.

For a filter to be compatible with a filter holder (in the case of drip coffee preparation also called a dripper) or coffee maker, the filter needs to be a specific shape and size. There are standard sizes. [11]

Disposable paper filters edit

History of paper filters edit

In 1782, Johann Georg Krünitz described a then-new method to extract coffee utilizing blotting paper in a (tinned) metal filter cone.[12][13][14]: 139–140 [15]

In Germany and the Netherlands, filter paper inserts were used in narrow conical metal filter holders called "Hamburger Spitztrichter" (Hamburg filter) to extract drip coffee.[16]: 977 [13]: 77ff. [14]: 139  In 1785, a silver filter was manufactured by Johann Christopher Hellmers, suggesting that porcelain versions existed even earlier.[17]: 63–64  Hamburg filters made out of (enameled) metal or porcelain were still very common in the early 1900s in Germany.[17]: 162–163 

In 1847, Elard Römershausen [d] (aka Elard Romershausen and Elard [von] Rommershausen) experimented with paper filters while constructing an early "air press coffee machine".[14]: 137, 139 

In 1885, Heinrich Böhnke-Reich (aka Boehnke-Reich) warned of using old wall paper as coffee filters,[nb 1] but favourably described sheets of thick wool-style greyish paper which could be cut into shape for use as quick filters in a conical filter holder.[18]: 107–120 [17]: 162 

In 1894, the Wilda'sche coffee filter device by Eugen Wilda used single-use cloth filter bags, which, in the corresponding patent, were considered to be superior to paper filter bags presumably already in use at the time.[17]: 163 [14]: 139 

On 8 July 1908, the first commercial paper coffee filter was a 94 mm round filter disk devised by the German entrepreneur Melitta Bentz.[14]: 140– [19] She wanted to remove the bitter taste caused by overbrewing.[19][20] She patented her invention and formed a company, Melitta, to sell the coffee filters (in a format and size later named "1"[nb 3]), hiring her husband and two sons to assist her as the first employees.[14][21]

Filter shapes and sizes edit

Cone-, fan- or boat-shaped filters edit

Melitta filter systems and derivatives edit

In 1931, Paul Ciupka proposed conical paper coffee filters,[22]: 214ff [14]: 141  which led to the construction of a coffee filter named "Brasil" at the Göttinger Aluminiumwerke [de] (now Alcan) in 1932.[17]: 166 [14]: 141 [23] It was recommended by the press.[24] In 1931, there was also another conical paper coffee filter featuring rims named "Blitzfilter" (English: flash filter) by an emerging Berlin-based competitor.[19]: 33–34, 36  Melitta bought the rights to the Göttinger filter patent[17]: 166 [14]: 141 [23] and completely took over the manufacturer of the "Blitzfilter",[19]: 33–34, 36  and, also in 1932,[25] introduced the similar Schnellfilter (English: quick filter),[14]: 141 [19]: 33–34, 36 [23] a cone-shaped filter holder with circular bottom with 8 (later 4) holes suitable for use with squarish sheets of filter paper, which still had to be pressed into shape through a metal cone (a type of filter shaping tool also known as "negotiator" today).[14]: 141–142  These quick filter holders were manufactured of porcelain or metal, available in sizes named "100", "101", "102", and "103". This system was available up to 1939.[26]

 
Fan- or boat-shaped coffee filter, made of unbleached paper

Patented in 1935,[19] Melitta introduced the Filtertüte (English: filter bag) in various sizes in 1936 or 1937[14]: 141 [19][6] In Germany, Melitta holds a trademark on the term "Filtertüte" (English: filter bag) for the conical fan- or boat-shaped paper filter introduced in 1937,[27] that is why other manufacturers use terms like coffee filter, paper filter, etc.

The cone-shaped filter holders were refined in 1936 to get a slot-shaped bottom (originally with 4 holes) more suitable for the filter bags, now looking more fan- or boat-shaped.[19] Over the years the system was expanded to eventually consist of filter bag sizes "100" (for 1–2 cups à 16[28]18 litre[clarification needed][29][30][28]), "101" (for 2–3[29] or 2–4 cups[30][28][31]), "102" (for 3–6,[29] 4–6[32] or 4–8 cups[30][28]), "103" (for 6–15,[29] 8–15 cups[30][28][33] or 10–15[34]), "104" (for 15–25[30][28] or 15–30 cups[29]), "105" (for 25–50[30][28][35] or 30–60 cups[29]), "106" (for 50–80[30][28] or 60–100 cups[36]), "112" (for 2 cups, with pot mount[37][38][39]) and "123"[40] (for 6–10 cups[41]). The system also included special types like tea filters "401" (1–6 cups,[42] compatible with "101"[40][28]) and "402" (for 3–9 cups,[43] compatible with "102"[44]) and the miniature filter "801" (for 1–2 or 1–3[45] small cups for children, or 1 normal cup[45]). Brigitta once marketed a fan- or boat-shaped filter size "502".[46][47] A disadvantage of the system was that one had to pour water continuously or several times while the proper amount of necessary water could only be guessed.

Therefore, in 1963[19] or 1965[6] Melitta developed a new fan- or boat-shaped filter system with corresponding "1×" nomenclature: In this system the filters are sized big enough so that the whole amount of water (except for the water needed for blooming) can be poured in one go. Consequently, the filter sizes "1×2", "1×4", "1×6" and "1×10"[48] result in 2, 4,[49] 6, and 10 cups of coffee when filling the filter once. Since these filters only differ in height and have otherwise the exact same geometry, bottom width (about 49 mm) and angle (about 54°), the filter bags are interchangeable between filter holders of different sizes.

Both systems are still in use today in principle, but the sizes "103", "104", "105", "106", "112", "123", "401", "402", ("502",) "801" and "1×10" are no longer manufactured.

Common in the US are fan- or boat-shaped filters "#0" (similar to "100"), "#1" (similar to "101"),[nb 3] "#2" (similar to "102"),[nb 4] "#4" (similar to "1×4"),[nb 5] and "#6" (similar to "1×6"),[nb 6][nb 7] with "#2", "#4" and "#6" being particularly popular, as well as basket-shaped filters in an 8–12 cup home size and larger restaurant sizes.

Hario filter system edit

The Hario "vector 60" V60 is a cone-shaped brewer (with 60° angle), with ribs along the wall (to prevent the paper sticking and allowing air through) and a single large hole (to allow water to pass through unrestricted).[50] Hario began designing brewers in 1980, but the V60 was not released until 2004.[50][51] The brewer received the Japanese Good Design Award in 2007[52] and is used by many of the winners in the World Brewers Cup. The design was adapted to create the Hario W60, a brewer with a flat-bottomed mesh filter, in partnership with 2013 World Barista Champion Pete Licata, to "address the concern baristas have with 'flat bed' brewing".[53] The Hario Switch combines steeping with drip filtering.

Hario has cone-shaped paper filter bag sizes "01" (for 1 cup), "02" (for 1–4 cups) and "03" (for 1–6 cups).[54][51]

Other filter shapes edit

 
A basket-type coffee filter, here made of bleached paper

Saint Anthony Industries (SAI) introduced a conical filter called "C70" (2018) and a flat-bottom filter "F70" (2019) with a steep 70° angle.

Other Melitta filter sizes include the pyramid filters "202s", "203", "206(G)", "220(G)", "240(G)" and "270(G)", round filter disks "1" (94 mm), "1a" (60 mm), "2" (120 mm) and "2b", and "50",[6][55] circle filter rings (for percolators) "3 12 in." (89 mm),[56] "164mm", "190mm", "203mm", "235mm", "240mm", "244mm", "256mm", "260mm", "290mm", "330mm", "400mm" and "440mm", prepleated flat-bottom basket filters "(A)250/90" (250 mm/90 mm, also known as "90/250") and "(A)250/110" (250 mm/110 mm), roll filters "2004" as well as wrap filters (for percolators, 232 × 241 mm).[57][58] While some of them are still available today, most of them have fallen out of use for long.

A squarish pyramid filter Filtra "602" was available as well.[59]

Other basket filter sizes include "101/317", "152/350", "152/457", "203/533" and "280/635".

Other round filter disks include 160 mm, 220 mm, 195 mm, 230 mm.

The Aeropress and Ceado Hoop use round paper filter disks with a diameter of c. 63 mm.

The German Tricolate coffee dripper uses round paper filter disks with a diameter of 88 mm.

The Kanas-based NextLevel drippers use proprietary round disk paper filters as well (95 mm for the LVL-10 and 77 mm for the Pulsar).[60]

The Hario cold brew dripper Slow Brew "Shizuku" (WDC-6) and Water Dripper Clear (WDW-6) take 58 mm round filter disks.

Chemex filter system edit

The six conical filter holder sizes for the Chemex coffee maker (originally introduced in 1941) and the Funnex utilize two different sizes of paper filters. A half-moon shaped filter paper (bleached: FP-2, unbleached: FP-2N) is used for the 3-cup holders (CM-1, CM-1C, CM-1GH) and the Funnex (CM-FNX), which must be folded before use. The larger holders for 5 (CM-2), 6 (CM-6A, CM-6GH), 8 (CM-3, CM-8A, CM-8GH), 10 (CM-10A, CM-10GH) and 13 cups (CM-4) can alternatively use prefolded square sheets (bleached: FS-100, unbleached: FSU-100), prefolded circle filters (bleached: FC-100) or unfolded circle filters (bleached: FP-1). The paper is 20–30% thicker than regular paper filters.

Other filter parameters and properties edit

Other important coffee filter paper parameters are strength, compatibility, efficiency and capacity.

If a coffee filter is not strong enough, it will tear or rupture, allowing coffee grains through to the coffee pot. Compatibility describes a filter medium's resistance to degradation by heat and chemical attack; a filter that is not compatible with the liquid passing through it is likely to break down, losing strength (structural failure). Efficiency is the retention of particles in a target (size) category. The efficiency is dictated by the particles or substances to be removed. A large-mesh filter may be efficient at retaining large particles but inefficient at retaining small particles. Capacity is the ability to "hold" previously removed particles while allowing further flow. A very efficient filter may show poor capacity, causing increased resistance to flow or other problems as it plugging up prematurely and increasing resistance or flow problems. A balance between particle capture and flow requirements must be met while ensuring integrity.

Reusable cloth filters edit

 
Flannel filter placed on a metal support in 1868.

Reusable cloth (such as cotton,[18][17]: 62, 162  hemp,[61][18][62]: 47 [17]: 162  linen,[12][61][62]: 47 [17]: 64  silk,[61][62]: 47 [17]: 64  wool,[61][62]: 47 [17]: 64  hair cloth,[12][17]: 64  horse hair,[61][62]: 47 [17]: 64  fustian, muslin[17]: 62  or flannel[17]: 62 ) has been used to filter coffee for a very long time.[12][63][64] Like paper, it strains out the coffee grounds, but the cloth filter allows more of the oil to come through than paper filters.[65] An example of a cloth filter is the bolsita in Costa Rican chorreador coffee makers.

Permanent filters edit

 
Vietnamese Phin metal filter
 
Indian permanent metal filter

Permanent filters can be divided into two groups:

The first type integrates the filter sieve with the holding mechanism into one part.

The second type of permanent filters are inserts to be used with a separate filter holder. For this, they are resembling the shape of disposable paper or reusable cloth filters otherwise used with those filter holders. Like them they can exhibit some amount of water bypass.

Permanent metal filters are also used to prepare filtered coffee, including Vietnamese iced coffee and Indian filter coffee. The "French press" (also referred to as cafetière) uses a metal filter. Other types of permanent filters are made of plastic, porous ceramics, or porcelain (like the special porcelain filter sieves of Büttner system coffee makers or the double-layered cross-slitted strainer made from through-glazed porcelain of Karlsbad-style coffee makers).[nb 1]

Filter holders edit

Filter holders are made out of plastic (including Makrolon/Exolon, Tritan), metal (stainless steel, copper, aluminium, emaille), ceramics, porcelain or glass, or, rarely, wood.[nb 1] Most of them are designed to be used with disposable paper and reusable cloth filter inserts, but there is also an after-market of permanent filter inserts made out of plastic, metal or ceramics which can be used in filter holders originally designed for paper or cloth filters.[nb 1] Another type of permanent filters combines the actual filter sieve with its holding mechanism into one integral part.

Filter holders for cone-, fan- or boat- as well as for flat-bottom shaped (paper) filters can be distinguished by features of their mechanical construction, some of which also have a significant influence on taste, brewing time, utility and how (easy) to clean the filter holder:

  • filter geometry (Melitta-, Hario-, SAI- or Orea-style filter shape and angle, etc.)
  • filter size (depending on filter geometry and system for a different number of cups and/or different pouring styles)
  • rib structure (straight (Melitta, Hario), interrupted (Seltmann Weiden [de] or Beem), or origami design), direction (straight down (Melitta), spiral (Hario, Seltmann Weiden, Beem)), spacing (narrow, sparse) and location (whole inner surface of filter cone, only at lower half of filter cone) to influence bypass and clogging
  • bottom structure (with or without ridges, conical, apex or flat) to influence channeling and clogging
  • number of draining holes (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10 or 12) and diameter (one large hole as for Hario-, one or more equally-sized small holes as for Melitta-style filters, combination of a large center hole with small surrounding holes as for the Torch Mountain dripper, or an adjustable count of holes as with the December dripper)
  • material (porcelain, ceramics, stainless steel, copper, aluminium, glass, plastic)[nb 1] and color
  • mount (standard plate mount for pots or cups, affixable pot mount (like Melitta 112), ring mount for a coffee stand or tripod, long cylinder outlet to fit Thermos bottles (like Fröfilt K or Alfi Aroma Plus filters, or the Friesland filter adapter), single-cup filter mount)
  • type of handle (none, style of handle, number of grips)
  • special features like stopper valves (as for Melitta 401/402 tea filter holders, the Clever Dripper, the Bonavita Immersion Dripper, the Goat Story GINA, the December Dripper, the Hario Switch, the Melitta Amano, or the NextLevel Pulsar) for steep & release brewing, cup-viewing windows (as for Zero Japan Bee House filters,[66] Melitta filter holders since 2018, or the Le Crueset dripper), anti-dribbling "tripod" plate design, design for simultaneous pouring into one or two cups (as for Melitta filter holders since 2018), double-walled design for better thermal insulation (as for Melitta Oslo Form 23 filters,[67] KPM Café Berlin LAB filters #2/#4,[68][69] the Seltmann Weiden No Limits Barista filter #2,[70][71] the Melitta 111th Anniversary Set filter 102,[72][73] the Fellow Stagg X/XF drippers, the Chemex Funnex, the notNeutral Gino dripper, the Villeroy & Boch Coffee Passion V60 filter,[74] the Brewista Tornado Duo filters, or the Etkin 8-cup and 2-cup drippers), radial water feeding (like with the Ceado Hoop), or a collapsible design for easier storage
  • accessories like a water spreader or cover lid or top-plate to help water distribution and reduce the temperature decline during pouring, a saucer to catch coffee droplets after use, a mounting stand, or coffee chilling stones.

Metal and porcelain filter holders store more heat than glass or plastic filters and therefore should be pre-heated to avoid too large temperature drops during pouring.

See also edit

Notes edit

 
Melitta porcelain filter holder "102" with too large paper filter bag "1×4"[nb 4]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g Since filters and filter holders get in direct contact with hot water and coffee, an acidic solution, they should meet all criteria for food contact materials, which some materials, depending on local regulatories, may not. This holds particularly true for materials used in some older or historic filters. Metal alloys may contain problematic ingredients like lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) or chromium (Cr). Aluminium (Al) is suspected to cause Alzheimer disease. Various plastics may contain bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), phthalates, etc. Food-grade stainless steel and ceramics, and in particular silicate-based glass and porcelain are considered safe.
  2. ^ Cafestol has also shown anticarcinogenic, and neuroprotective properties at least in animals like rats and fruit flies.
  3. ^ a b Fan- or boat-shaped filters of size #1 (Melitta 101) must not be confused with paper filter sizes Melitta 1 for round filter disks or Hario 01 for cone-shaped filters.
  4. ^ a b Fan- or boat-shaped filters of size #2 (Melitta 102) must not be confused with the fan- or boat-shaped paper filter size Melitta 1×2, cone-shaped filter size Hario 02, or with Melitta 2 round filter disks. Melitta 102 has a different geometry and is significantly larger than Melitta 1×2, almost as large as Melitta 1×4. The size #2 Ritzenhoff & Breker "Rio 101" porcelain filter holder incorrectly associates this with size 101.
  5. ^ Fan- or boat-shaped filters of size #4 (Melitta 1×4) must not be confused with the much larger fan- or boat-shaped filter size Melitta 104. Still, the size #4 Ritzenhoff & Breker "Rio 104" porcelain filter holder incorrectly associates this with size 104.
  6. ^ Fan- or boat-shaped filters of size #6 (Melitta 1×6) must not be confused with the much larger fan- or boat-shaped filter size Melitta 106.
  7. ^ Another reason for this easier nomenclature becoming more popular is because Melitta has trademarked the names of their filter bag sizes at least in Germany.

References edit

  1. ^ Gloess, Alexia N.; Schönbächler, Barbara; Klopprogge, Babette; D'Ambrosio, Lucio; Chatelain, Karin; Bongartz, Annette; Strittmatter, André; Rast, Markus; Yeretzian, Chahan (April 2013) [2012-06-05, 2013-01-08, 2013-01-10, 2013-01-30]. "Comparison of nine common coffee extraction methods: instrumental and sensory analysis" (PDF). European Food Research and Technology [d]. 236 (4). Wädenswil & Zürich, Switzerland: Springer Science+Business Media: 607–627. doi:10.1007/s00217-013-1917-x. eISSN 1438-2385. ISSN 1438-2377. S2CID 31366362. (PDF) from the original on 2023-12-31. Retrieved 2023-12-31. (21 pages) ()
  2. ^ Cornelis, Marilyn C.; El-Sohemy, Ahamed (November 2007). "Coffee, caffeine, and coronary heart disease". Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care. 10 (6). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.: 745–751. doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e3282f05d81. ISSN 1363-1950. PMID 18089957. S2CID 35221890. Diterpenes present in unfiltered coffee and caffeine each appear to increase risk of coronary heart disease. A lower risk of coronary heart disease among moderate coffee drinkers might be due to antioxidants found in coffee.
  3. ^ Cárdenas, Casimiro; Quesada, Ana R.; Medina, Miguel A. (2011-08-09). McCormick, David L. (ed.). "Anti-Angiogenic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Kahweol, a Coffee Diterpene". PLoS One. 6 (8): e23407. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...623407C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023407. PMC 3153489. PMID 21858104. Correction
  4. ^ Tverdal, Aage; Selmer, Randi; Cohen, Jacqueline M.; Thelle, Dag S. (2020-04-22). "Coffee consumption and mortality from cardiovascular diseases and total mortality: Does the brewing method matter?". European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 27 (18). SAGE Publishing: 1986–1993. doi:10.1177/2047487320914443. eISSN 2047-4881. ISSN 2047-4873. PMID 32320635. S2CID 216083549. Unfiltered brew was associated with higher mortality than filtered brew, and filtered brew was associated with lower mortality than no coffee consumption.
  5. ^ LaMotte, Sandee (2022-04-22). "The healthiest way to brew your coffee -- and possibly lengthen your life". CNN. from the original on 2023-12-26. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  6. ^ a b c d
  7. ^ Paulapuro, Hannu Viljami [in Finnish] (2000). "5". Paper and Board grades. Papermaking Science and Technology. Vol. 18. Finland: Fapet Oy. p. 114. ISBN 952-5216-18-7.
  8. ^ . Science Curriculum Support Project. Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University. 2003. Archived from the original on 2012-01-07.
  9. ^ . McNally Institute. Archived from the original on 2011-01-10.
  10. ^ "Tassenfilter - Der neue Tassenfilter Marke Rosenthal" [The new cup filter] (in German). Nürnberg, Germany: Rosenthal. from the original on 2023-12-31. Retrieved 2023-12-31. Der Kaffee kommt mit keinem Metall in Berührung, behält daher sein natürliches Aroma. […] Durch Verwendung des doppelt geschlitzten, durchaus glasierten Siebes, kommt das lästige Filtrierpapier, das dem Kaffeearoma schädlich ist, in Fortfall.
  11. ^ https://urnex.com/blog/how-to-choose-the-right-filter-for-your-coffee#:~:text=Most%20automatic%20drip%20coffee%20machines,10%20cups%20requires%20a%20No.
  12. ^ a b c d Krünitz, Johann Georg (1784). "Kaffe" [Coffee]. In von Pfeiffer, Johann Friedrich (ed.). Oekonomische Encyklopädie, oder allgemeines System der Stats- Stadt- Haus- u. Landwirthschaft, in alphabetischer Ordnung [Economic encyclopedia] (in German). Berlin: Joachim Pauli [de]. pp. 100–264 [172]. from the original on 2023-06-03. Retrieved 2023-06-03. pp. 172–173: Die neuerlich eingeführte Weise, den Kaffetrank durch das Filtriren zu verfertigen, ist wohl unstreitig die beste. Man legt nähmlich in einen dazu gemachten blechernen, wohl verzinnten, Filtrirhut oder Trichter, (Kaffe-Sieb) ein reines, feines Leinwand-Tüchlein oder Haartuch, oder, weil dieses durch den öfteren Gebrauch leicht unrein gemacht werden könnte, lieber weißes Lösch- und Druck-Papier, und nimmt jedes Mahl neues; in dieses schüttet man den gemahlenen Kaffe, setzt den Trichter über einen erwärmten Topf oder Kanne, und gießt allmählich siedendes Wasser darauf. Auf solche Art zieht das Wasser aus dem Kaffe die Kräfte, und filtrirt ganz klar durch das Tuch oder Papier. Das Wasser aber muß langsam aufgegossen werden; man könnte auch, um die Kraft destobesser auszuziehen, diesen durchgeseiheten Trank nochmahl in den Trichter zurück gießen, und durch den gemahlenen Kaffee zum zweiten Mahl laufen lassen. Ein solcher filtrirter Kaffe ist nicht nur gesunder, als der abgekochte, sondern hat auch noch andere Vorzüge. Man kann solchen nicht nur nach Belieben wieder erwärmen und aufkochen, und er bleibt immer klar, sondern der Geschmack ist auch besser, welches leicht daraus abzunehmen ist, weil der in dem Trichter zurück gebliebene Kaffe nicht, wie der andere, der im Topfe sich zu Boden setzt, nochmahl auf- und ausgekochet werden kann, und, wenn solches ja geschähe, man ein Getränk erhält, welches gar nicht nach Kaffee schmeckt, sondern einen recht wiederlichen Geschmack hat.
  13. ^ a b Bramah, Edward Roderick; Bramah, Joan (1995) [1989]. Coffee Makers - 300 years of art & design. Translated by Auerbach, Georg (2 ed.). London, UK: Quiller Press Ltd. ISBN 1-870948-33-5. (2+2+166+8+2 pages) (NB. Original 1989 edition was by Lucchetti editore, Bergamo, Italy.); Bramah, Edward Roderick; Bramah, Joan (1995) [1989]. Kaffeemaschinen - Die Kulturgeschichte der Kaffeeküche [Coffeemachines - The cultural history of the coffee kitchen] (in German). Translated by Auerbach, Georg (Special ed.). Stuttgart, Germany (originally: Munich, Germany): Parkland Verlag (originally: Blanckenstein Verlag). p. 152. ISBN 3-88059-826-6. (168+2 pages) (NB. The German translation contains many typographical errors.)
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Beutelspacher, Martin (July 2006). "Techniken der Kaffeezubereitung. Auf dem Weg zu einer Optimierung des Kaffeegenusses". In Mohrmann, Ruth-Elisabeth [in German] (ed.). Essen und Trinken in der Moderne. Beiträge zur Volkskultur in Nordwestdeutschland (in German) (1 ed.). Münster, Germany; New York, USA: Waxmann Verlag GmbH / Waxmann Publishing Co. [de]. pp. 125–146. ISBN 978-3-8309-1701-4. ISSN 0724-4096. Retrieved 2023-06-09. (159+1 pages)
  15. ^ jam (2008-06-19). "Kaffee-Revolution mit Blechdose und Löschpapier". Saarland. Saarbrücker Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 2023-06-03. Denn die Methode, mittels Löschpapier und einem blechernen Trichter Kaffee zuzubereiten, wird bereits in der 1784 erschienenen "Oeconomischen Encyclopädie" von Johann Georg Krünitz unter dem äußerst ausführlichen Eintrag "Kaffe" als bekannt vorausgesetzt - und als beste Art der Kaffeebereitung gepriesen. Aber offenbar hatte sich zuvor noch niemand die Mühe gemacht, diese Idee zu Geld zu machen.
  16. ^ Holzborn, Adolf (c. 1928). Der Eisenwarenhandel. Ein Lehr- u. Nachschlagewerk für den Handel mit Eisenwaren und Haus- und Küchengeräten (in German) (1 ed.). Nordhausen, Germany: Heinrich Killinger Verlagsgesellschaft. p. 977.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Bersten, Ian; Bersten, Helen (1993). Coffee floats, tea sinks. Through History and Technology to a Complete Understanding (1 ed.). Sydney / Roseville, Australia: Helian Books. ISBN 0-646-09180-8. (284+4 pages)
  18. ^ a b c Böhnke-Reich, Heinrich (1885). Der Kaffee in seinen Beziehungen zum Leben. Für Haus und Familie und für Gebildete aller Stände. Festschrift zum zweihundertjährigen Jubiläum des Kaffee's in Österreich und Deutschland (in German) (2nd expanded ed.). Berlin & Leipzig, Germany: Verlag von Fr. Thiel. (xii+224 pages)
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Further reading edit

  • Gagné, Jonathan [at Wikidata] (2020). "5. Filters". In Zimmer, Jean (ed.). The Physics of Filter Coffee (1 ed.). Scott Rao. pp. 105–125. ISBN 978-0-578-24608-6. (xvi+249+3 pages)

coffee, filter, redirects, here, containers, shipping, storing, coffee, beans, coffee, blitzfilter, redirects, here, filters, photographic, flashes, flash, filter, help, expand, this, article, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, german, janua. Coffee filter bag redirects here For containers for shipping and storing coffee beans see Coffee bag Blitzfilter redirects here For filters for photographic flashes see flash filter You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German January 2023 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the German article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 9 106 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at de Kaffeefilter see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated de Kaffeefilter to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation A coffee filter is a filter used for various coffee brewing methods including but not limited to drip coffee filtering Filters made of paper disposable cloth reusable or plastic metal or porcelain permanent are used nb 1 Paper and cloth filters require the use of some kind of filter holder whereas filters made out of other materials may present an integral part of the holder or not depending on construction The filter allows the liquid coffee to flow through but traps the coffee grounds Ground coffee being poured into a paper filter inserted in a Chemex filter holder and caraffe Contents 1 Overview 2 Disposable paper filters 2 1 History of paper filters 2 2 Filter shapes and sizes 2 2 1 Cone fan or boat shaped filters 2 2 1 1 Melitta filter systems and derivatives 2 2 1 2 Hario filter system 2 2 2 Other filter shapes 2 2 2 1 Chemex filter system 2 3 Other filter parameters and properties 3 Reusable cloth filters 4 Permanent filters 5 Filter holders 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 Further readingOverview edit nbsp Used coffee filter nbsp Micro photo of a paper filterPaper filters remove oily components called diterpenes like cafestol and kahweol 1 Metal nylon or porcelain mesh filters do not remove these components 2 nb 1 These organic compounds present in unfiltered coffee have anti inflammatory properties 3 nb 2 Several studies also indicate that the mild consumption of paper filtered coffee may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease due to reducing these compounds 4 5 Coffee filters of paper are made from about 100 g m2 filter paper The raw materials pulp for the filter paper are coarse long fiber often from fast growing trees i e Melitta uses up to 60 of bambus in their filters since 1998 6 Both bleached and unbleached filters are made 7 Typically coffee filters are made up of filaments approximately 20 micrometres wide which allow particles through that are less than approximately 10 to 15 micrometres 8 9 Some baristas claim that paper filters exhibit a paperish taste 10 and recommend to wash out the filter with a flush of hot water before filling the ground coffee into the filter Since paper filters filter out some components the resulting coffee is said to taste somewhat fruitier compared to permanent filters For a filter to be compatible with a filter holder in the case of drip coffee preparation also called a dripper or coffee maker the filter needs to be a specific shape and size There are standard sizes 11 Disposable paper filters editMain article Filter paper History of paper filters edit In 1782 Johann Georg Krunitz described a then new method to extract coffee utilizing blotting paper in a tinned metal filter cone 12 13 14 139 140 15 In Germany and the Netherlands filter paper inserts were used in narrow conical metal filter holders called Hamburger Spitztrichter Hamburg filter to extract drip coffee 16 977 13 77ff 14 139 In 1785 a silver filter was manufactured by Johann Christopher Hellmers suggesting that porcelain versions existed even earlier 17 63 64 Hamburg filters made out of enameled metal or porcelain were still very common in the early 1900s in Germany 17 162 163 In 1847 Elard Romershausen d aka Elard Romershausen and Elard von Rommershausen experimented with paper filters while constructing an early air press coffee machine 14 137 139 In 1885 Heinrich Bohnke Reich aka Boehnke Reich warned of using old wall paper as coffee filters nb 1 but favourably described sheets of thick wool style greyish paper which could be cut into shape for use as quick filters in a conical filter holder 18 107 120 17 162 In 1894 the Wilda sche coffee filter device by Eugen Wilda used single use cloth filter bags which in the corresponding patent were considered to be superior to paper filter bags presumably already in use at the time 17 163 14 139 On 8 July 1908 the first commercial paper coffee filter was a 94 mm round filter disk devised by the German entrepreneur Melitta Bentz 14 140 19 She wanted to remove the bitter taste caused by overbrewing 19 20 She patented her invention and formed a company Melitta to sell the coffee filters in a format and size later named 1 nb 3 hiring her husband and two sons to assist her as the first employees 14 21 Filter shapes and sizes edit Cone fan or boat shaped filters edit Melitta filter systems and derivatives edit In 1931 Paul Ciupka proposed conical paper coffee filters 22 214ff 14 141 which led to the construction of a coffee filter named Brasil at the Gottinger Aluminiumwerke de now Alcan in 1932 17 166 14 141 23 It was recommended by the press 24 In 1931 there was also another conical paper coffee filter featuring rims named Blitzfilter English flash filter by an emerging Berlin based competitor 19 33 34 36 Melitta bought the rights to the Gottinger filter patent 17 166 14 141 23 and completely took over the manufacturer of the Blitzfilter 19 33 34 36 and also in 1932 25 introduced the similar Schnellfilter English quick filter 14 141 19 33 34 36 23 a cone shaped filter holder with circular bottom with 8 later 4 holes suitable for use with squarish sheets of filter paper which still had to be pressed into shape through a metal cone a type of filter shaping tool also known as negotiator today 14 141 142 These quick filter holders were manufactured of porcelain or metal available in sizes named 100 101 102 and 103 This system was available up to 1939 26 nbsp Fan or boat shaped coffee filter made of unbleached paperPatented in 1935 19 Melitta introduced the Filtertute English filter bag in various sizes in 1936 or 1937 14 141 19 6 In Germany Melitta holds a trademark on the term Filtertute English filter bag for the conical fan or boat shaped paper filter introduced in 1937 27 that is why other manufacturers use terms like coffee filter paper filter etc The cone shaped filter holders were refined in 1936 to get a slot shaped bottom originally with 4 holes more suitable for the filter bags now looking more fan or boat shaped 19 Over the years the system was expanded to eventually consist of filter bag sizes 100 for 1 2 cups a 1 6 28 1 8 litre clarification needed 29 30 28 101 for 2 3 29 or 2 4 cups 30 28 31 102 for 3 6 29 4 6 32 or 4 8 cups 30 28 103 for 6 15 29 8 15 cups 30 28 33 or 10 15 34 104 for 15 25 30 28 or 15 30 cups 29 105 for 25 50 30 28 35 or 30 60 cups 29 106 for 50 80 30 28 or 60 100 cups 36 112 for 2 cups with pot mount 37 38 39 and 123 40 for 6 10 cups 41 The system also included special types like tea filters 401 1 6 cups 42 compatible with 101 40 28 and 402 for 3 9 cups 43 compatible with 102 44 and the miniature filter 801 for 1 2 or 1 3 45 small cups for children or 1 normal cup 45 Brigitta once marketed a fan or boat shaped filter size 502 46 47 A disadvantage of the system was that one had to pour water continuously or several times while the proper amount of necessary water could only be guessed Therefore in 1963 19 or 1965 6 Melitta developed a new fan or boat shaped filter system with corresponding 1 nomenclature In this system the filters are sized big enough so that the whole amount of water except for the water needed for blooming can be poured in one go Consequently the filter sizes 1 2 1 4 1 6 and 1 10 48 result in 2 4 49 6 and 10 cups of coffee when filling the filter once Since these filters only differ in height and have otherwise the exact same geometry bottom width about 49 mm and angle about 54 the filter bags are interchangeable between filter holders of different sizes Both systems are still in use today in principle but the sizes 103 104 105 106 112 123 401 402 502 801 and 1 10 are no longer manufactured Common in the US are fan or boat shaped filters 0 similar to 100 1 similar to 101 nb 3 2 similar to 102 nb 4 4 similar to 1 4 nb 5 and 6 similar to 1 6 nb 6 nb 7 with 2 4 and 6 being particularly popular as well as basket shaped filters in an 8 12 cup home size and larger restaurant sizes Hario filter system edit The Hario vector 60 V60 is a cone shaped brewer with 60 angle with ribs along the wall to prevent the paper sticking and allowing air through and a single large hole to allow water to pass through unrestricted 50 Hario began designing brewers in 1980 but the V60 was not released until 2004 50 51 The brewer received the Japanese Good Design Award in 2007 52 and is used by many of the winners in the World Brewers Cup The design was adapted to create the Hario W60 a brewer with a flat bottomed mesh filter in partnership with 2013 World Barista Champion Pete Licata to address the concern baristas have with flat bed brewing 53 The Hario Switch combines steeping with drip filtering Hario has cone shaped paper filter bag sizes 01 for 1 cup 02 for 1 4 cups and 03 for 1 6 cups 54 51 Other filter shapes edit nbsp A basket type coffee filter here made of bleached paperSaint Anthony Industries SAI introduced a conical filter called C70 2018 and a flat bottom filter F70 2019 with a steep 70 angle Other Melitta filter sizes include the pyramid filters 202s 203 206 G 220 G 240 G and 270 G round filter disks 1 94 mm 1a 60 mm 2 120 mm and 2b and 50 6 55 circle filter rings for percolators 3 1 2 in 89 mm 56 164mm 190mm 203mm 235mm 240mm 244mm 256mm 260mm 290mm 330mm 400mm and 440mm prepleated flat bottom basket filters A 250 90 250 mm 90 mm also known as 90 250 and A 250 110 250 mm 110 mm roll filters 2004 as well as wrap filters for percolators 232 241 mm 57 58 While some of them are still available today most of them have fallen out of use for long A squarish pyramid filter Filtra 602 was available as well 59 Other basket filter sizes include 101 317 152 350 152 457 203 533 and 280 635 Other round filter disks include 160 mm 220 mm 195 mm 230 mm The Aeropress and Ceado Hoop use round paper filter disks with a diameter of c 63 mm The German Tricolate coffee dripper uses round paper filter disks with a diameter of 88 mm The Kanas based NextLevel drippers use proprietary round disk paper filters as well 95 mm for the LVL 10 and 77 mm for the Pulsar 60 The Hario cold brew dripper Slow Brew Shizuku WDC 6 and Water Dripper Clear WDW 6 take 58 mm round filter disks Chemex filter system edit The six conical filter holder sizes for the Chemex coffee maker originally introduced in 1941 and the Funnex utilize two different sizes of paper filters A half moon shaped filter paper bleached FP 2 unbleached FP 2N is used for the 3 cup holders CM 1 CM 1C CM 1GH and the Funnex CM FNX which must be folded before use The larger holders for 5 CM 2 6 CM 6A CM 6GH 8 CM 3 CM 8A CM 8GH 10 CM 10A CM 10GH and 13 cups CM 4 can alternatively use prefolded square sheets bleached FS 100 unbleached FSU 100 prefolded circle filters bleached FC 100 or unfolded circle filters bleached FP 1 The paper is 20 30 thicker than regular paper filters Other filter parameters and properties edit Other important coffee filter paper parameters are strength compatibility efficiency and capacity If a coffee filter is not strong enough it will tear or rupture allowing coffee grains through to the coffee pot Compatibility describes a filter medium s resistance to degradation by heat and chemical attack a filter that is not compatible with the liquid passing through it is likely to break down losing strength structural failure Efficiency is the retention of particles in a target size category The efficiency is dictated by the particles or substances to be removed A large mesh filter may be efficient at retaining large particles but inefficient at retaining small particles Capacity is the ability to hold previously removed particles while allowing further flow A very efficient filter may show poor capacity causing increased resistance to flow or other problems as it plugging up prematurely and increasing resistance or flow problems A balance between particle capture and flow requirements must be met while ensuring integrity Reusable cloth filters edit nbsp Flannel filter placed on a metal support in 1868 Reusable cloth such as cotton 18 17 62 162 hemp 61 18 62 47 17 162 linen 12 61 62 47 17 64 silk 61 62 47 17 64 wool 61 62 47 17 64 hair cloth 12 17 64 horse hair 61 62 47 17 64 fustian muslin 17 62 or flannel 17 62 has been used to filter coffee for a very long time 12 63 64 Like paper it strains out the coffee grounds but the cloth filter allows more of the oil to come through than paper filters 65 An example of a cloth filter is the bolsita in Costa Rican chorreador coffee makers Permanent filters edit nbsp Vietnamese Phin metal filter nbsp Indian permanent metal filterPermanent filters can be divided into two groups The first type integrates the filter sieve with the holding mechanism into one part The second type of permanent filters are inserts to be used with a separate filter holder For this they are resembling the shape of disposable paper or reusable cloth filters otherwise used with those filter holders Like them they can exhibit some amount of water bypass Permanent metal filters are also used to prepare filtered coffee including Vietnamese iced coffee and Indian filter coffee The French press also referred to as cafetiere uses a metal filter Other types of permanent filters are made of plastic porous ceramics or porcelain like the special porcelain filter sieves of Buttner system coffee makers or the double layered cross slitted strainer made from through glazed porcelain of Karlsbad style coffee makers nb 1 Filter holders editFilter holders are made out of plastic including Makrolon Exolon Tritan metal stainless steel copper aluminium emaille ceramics porcelain or glass or rarely wood nb 1 Most of them are designed to be used with disposable paper and reusable cloth filter inserts but there is also an after market of permanent filter inserts made out of plastic metal or ceramics which can be used in filter holders originally designed for paper or cloth filters nb 1 Another type of permanent filters combines the actual filter sieve with its holding mechanism into one integral part Filter holders for cone fan or boat as well as for flat bottom shaped paper filters can be distinguished by features of their mechanical construction some of which also have a significant influence on taste brewing time utility and how easy to clean the filter holder filter geometry Melitta Hario SAI or Orea style filter shape and angle etc filter size depending on filter geometry and system for a different number of cups and or different pouring styles rib structure straight Melitta Hario interrupted Seltmann Weiden de or Beem or origami design direction straight down Melitta spiral Hario Seltmann Weiden Beem spacing narrow sparse and location whole inner surface of filter cone only at lower half of filter cone to influence bypass and clogging bottom structure with or without ridges conical apex or flat to influence channeling and clogging number of draining holes 1 2 3 4 5 8 10 or 12 and diameter one large hole as for Hario one or more equally sized small holes as for Melitta style filters combination of a large center hole with small surrounding holes as for the Torch Mountain dripper or an adjustable count of holes as with the December dripper material porcelain ceramics stainless steel copper aluminium glass plastic nb 1 and color mount standard plate mount for pots or cups affixable pot mount like Melitta 112 ring mount for a coffee stand or tripod long cylinder outlet to fit Thermos bottles like Frofilt K or Alfi Aroma Plus filters or the Friesland filter adapter single cup filter mount type of handle none style of handle number of grips special features like stopper valves as for Melitta 401 402 tea filter holders the Clever Dripper the Bonavita Immersion Dripper the Goat Story GINA the December Dripper the Hario Switch the Melitta Amano or the NextLevel Pulsar for steep amp release brewing cup viewing windows as for Zero Japan Bee House filters 66 Melitta filter holders since 2018 or the Le Crueset dripper anti dribbling tripod plate design design for simultaneous pouring into one or two cups as for Melitta filter holders since 2018 double walled design for better thermal insulation as for Melitta Oslo Form 23 filters 67 KPM Cafe Berlin LAB filters 2 4 68 69 the Seltmann Weiden No Limits Barista filter 2 70 71 the Melitta 111th Anniversary Set filter 102 72 73 the Fellow Stagg X XF drippers the Chemex Funnex the notNeutral Gino dripper the Villeroy amp Boch Coffee Passion V60 filter 74 the Brewista Tornado Duo filters or the Etkin 8 cup and 2 cup drippers radial water feeding like with the CeadoHoop or a collapsible design for easier storage accessories like a water spreader or cover lid or top plate to help water distribution and reduce the temperature decline during pouring a saucer to catch coffee droplets after use a mounting stand or coffee chilling stones Metal and porcelain filter holders store more heat than glass or plastic filters and therefore should be pre heated to avoid too large temperature drops during pouring See also edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Coffee filters Drip brew Coffee pod coffee bag Single serve coffee container Ground coffee filter ring Tea bag or tea ball Used coffee grounds Health effects of coffeeNotes edit nbsp Melitta porcelain filter holder 102 with too large paper filter bag 1 4 nb 4 a b c d e f g Since filters and filter holders get in direct contact with hot water and coffee an acidic solution they should meet all criteria for food contact materials which some materials depending on local regulatories may not This holds particularly true for materials used in some older or historic filters Metal alloys may contain problematic ingredients like lead Pb nickel Ni or chromium Cr Aluminium Al is suspected to cause Alzheimer disease Various plastics may contain bisphenol A BPA bisphenol F BPF bisphenol S BPS phthalates etc Food grade stainless steel and ceramics and in particular silicate based glass and porcelain are considered safe Cafestol has also shown anticarcinogenic and neuroprotective properties at least in animals like rats and fruit flies a b Fan or boat shaped filters of size 1 Melitta 101 must not be confused with paper filter sizes Melitta 1 for round filter disks or Hario 01 for cone shaped filters a b Fan or boat shaped filters of size 2 Melitta 102 must not be confused with the fan or boat shaped paper filter size Melitta 1 2 cone shaped filter size Hario 02 or with Melitta 2 round filter disks Melitta 102 has a different geometry and is significantly larger than Melitta 1 2 almost as large as Melitta 1 4 The size 2 Ritzenhoff amp Breker Rio 101 porcelain filter holder incorrectly associates this with size 101 Fan or boat shaped filters of size 4 Melitta 1 4 must not be confused with the much larger fan or boat shaped filter size Melitta 104 Still the size 4 Ritzenhoff amp Breker Rio 104 porcelain filter holder incorrectly associates this with size 104 Fan or boat shaped filters of size 6 Melitta 1 6 must not be confused with the much larger fan or boat shaped filter size Melitta 106 Another reason for this easier nomenclature becoming more popular is because Melitta has trademarked the names of their filter bag sizes at least in Germany References edit Gloess Alexia N Schonbachler Barbara Klopprogge Babette D Ambrosio Lucio Chatelain Karin Bongartz Annette Strittmatter Andre Rast Markus Yeretzian Chahan April 2013 2012 06 05 2013 01 08 2013 01 10 2013 01 30 Comparison of nine common coffee extraction methods instrumental and sensory analysis PDF European Food Research and Technology d 236 4 Wadenswil amp Zurich Switzerland Springer Science Business Media 607 627 doi 10 1007 s00217 013 1917 x eISSN 1438 2385 ISSN 1438 2377 S2CID 31366362 Archived PDF from the original on 2023 12 31 Retrieved 2023 12 31 21 pages Supplemental material Cornelis Marilyn C El Sohemy Ahamed November 2007 Coffee caffeine and coronary heart disease Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition amp Metabolic Care 10 6 Lippincott Williams amp Wilkins Inc 745 751 doi 10 1097 MCO 0b013e3282f05d81 ISSN 1363 1950 PMID 18089957 S2CID 35221890 Diterpenes present in unfiltered coffee and caffeine each appear to increase risk of coronary heart disease A lower risk of coronary heart disease among moderate coffee drinkers might be due to antioxidants found in coffee Cardenas Casimiro Quesada Ana R Medina Miguel A 2011 08 09 McCormick David L ed Anti Angiogenic and Anti Inflammatory Properties of Kahweol a Coffee Diterpene PLoS One 6 8 e23407 Bibcode 2011PLoSO 623407C doi 10 1371 journal pone 0023407 PMC 3153489 PMID 21858104 Correction Tverdal Aage Selmer Randi Cohen Jacqueline M Thelle Dag S 2020 04 22 Coffee consumption and mortality from cardiovascular diseases and total mortality Does the brewing method matter European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 27 18 SAGE Publishing 1986 1993 doi 10 1177 2047487320914443 eISSN 2047 4881 ISSN 2047 4873 PMID 32320635 S2CID 216083549 Unfiltered brew was associated with higher mortality than filtered brew and filtered brew was associated with lower mortality than no coffee consumption LaMotte Sandee 2022 04 22 The healthiest way to brew your coffee and possibly lengthen your life CNN Archived from the original on 2023 12 26 Retrieved 2023 12 26 a b c d https web archive org web 20230310205124 https www melitta group com datei php src download 111 Jahre Melitta Zeitstrahl Allgemein pdf Paulapuro Hannu Viljami in Finnish 2000 5 Paper and Board grades Papermaking Science and Technology Vol 18 Finland Fapet Oy p 114 ISBN 952 5216 18 7 Mixtures and Solutions Coffee Filter and Diatomaceous Earth Science Curriculum Support Project Princeton Materials Institute Princeton University 2003 Archived from the original on 2012 01 07 Seal face lubrication McNally Institute Archived from the original on 2011 01 10 Tassenfilter Der neue Tassenfilter Marke Rosenthal The new cup filter in German Nurnberg Germany Rosenthal Archived from the original on 2023 12 31 Retrieved 2023 12 31 Der Kaffee kommt mit keinem Metall in Beruhrung behalt daher sein naturliches Aroma Durch Verwendung des doppelt geschlitzten durchaus glasierten Siebes kommt das lastige Filtrierpapier das dem Kaffeearoma schadlich ist in Fortfall https urnex com blog how to choose the right filter for your coffee text Most 20automatic 20drip 20coffee 20machines 10 20cups 20requires 20a 20No a b c d Krunitz Johann Georg 1784 Kaffe Coffee In von Pfeiffer Johann Friedrich ed Oekonomische Encyklopadie oder allgemeines System der Stats Stadt Haus u Landwirthschaft in alphabetischer Ordnung Economic encyclopedia in German Berlin Joachim Pauli de pp 100 264 172 Archived from the original on 2023 06 03 Retrieved 2023 06 03 pp 172 173 Die neuerlich eingefuhrte Weise den Kaffetrank durch das Filtriren zu verfertigen ist wohl unstreitig die beste Man legt nahmlich in einen dazu gemachten blechernen wohl verzinnten Filtrirhut oder Trichter Kaffe Sieb ein reines feines Leinwand Tuchlein oder Haartuch oder weil dieses durch den ofteren Gebrauch leicht unrein gemacht werden konnte lieber weisses Losch und Druck Papier und nimmt jedes Mahl neues in dieses schuttet man den gemahlenen Kaffe setzt den Trichter uber einen erwarmten Topf oder Kanne und giesst allmahlich siedendes Wasser darauf Auf solche Art zieht das Wasser aus dem Kaffe die Krafte und filtrirt ganz klar durch das Tuch oder Papier Das Wasser aber muss langsam aufgegossen werden man konnte auch um die Kraft destobesser auszuziehen diesen durchgeseiheten Trank nochmahl in den Trichter zuruck giessen und durch den gemahlenen Kaffee zum zweiten Mahl laufen lassen Ein solcher filtrirter Kaffe ist nicht nur gesunder als der abgekochte sondern hat auch noch andere Vorzuge Man kann solchen nicht nur nach Belieben wieder erwarmen und aufkochen und er bleibt immer klar sondern der Geschmack ist auch besser welches leicht daraus abzunehmen ist weil der in dem Trichter zuruck gebliebene Kaffe nicht wie der andere der im Topfe sich zu Boden setzt nochmahl auf und ausgekochet werden kann und wenn solches ja geschahe man ein Getrank erhalt welches gar nicht nach Kaffee schmeckt sondern einen recht wiederlichen Geschmack hat a b Bramah Edward Roderick Bramah Joan 1995 1989 Coffee Makers 300 years of art amp design Translated by Auerbach Georg 2 ed London UK Quiller Press Ltd ISBN 1 870948 33 5 2 2 166 8 2 pages NB Original 1989 edition was by Lucchetti editore Bergamo Italy Bramah Edward Roderick Bramah Joan 1995 1989 Kaffeemaschinen Die Kulturgeschichte der Kaffeekuche Coffeemachines The cultural history of the coffee kitchen in German Translated by Auerbach Georg Special ed Stuttgart Germany originally Munich Germany Parkland Verlag originally Blanckenstein Verlag p 152 ISBN 3 88059 826 6 168 2 pages NB The German translation contains many typographical errors a b c d e f g h i j k l Beutelspacher Martin July 2006 Techniken der Kaffeezubereitung Auf dem Weg zu einer Optimierung des Kaffeegenusses In Mohrmann Ruth Elisabeth in German ed Essen und Trinken in der Moderne Beitrage zur Volkskultur in Nordwestdeutschland in German 1 ed Munster Germany New York USA Waxmann Verlag GmbH Waxmann Publishing Co de pp 125 146 ISBN 978 3 8309 1701 4 ISSN 0724 4096 Retrieved 2023 06 09 159 1 pages jam 2008 06 19 Kaffee Revolution mit Blechdose und Loschpapier Saarland Saarbrucker Zeitung in German Retrieved 2023 06 03 Denn die Methode mittels Loschpapier und einem blechernen Trichter Kaffee zuzubereiten wird bereits in der 1784 erschienenen Oeconomischen Encyclopadie von Johann Georg Krunitz unter dem ausserst ausfuhrlichen Eintrag Kaffe als bekannt vorausgesetzt und als beste Art der Kaffeebereitung gepriesen Aber offenbar hatte sich zuvor noch niemand die Muhe gemacht diese Idee zu Geld zu machen Holzborn Adolf c 1928 Der Eisenwarenhandel Ein Lehr u Nachschlagewerk fur den Handel mit Eisenwaren und Haus und Kuchengeraten in German 1 ed Nordhausen Germany Heinrich Killinger Verlagsgesellschaft p 977 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Bersten Ian Bersten Helen 1993 Coffee floats tea sinks Through History and Technology to a Complete Understanding 1 ed Sydney Roseville Australia Helian Books ISBN 0 646 09180 8 284 4 pages a b c Bohnke Reich Heinrich 1885 Der Kaffee in seinen Beziehungen zum Leben Fur Haus und Familie und fur Gebildete aller Stande Festschrift zum zweihundertjahrigen Jubilaum des Kaffee s in Osterreich und Deutschland in German 2nd expanded ed Berlin amp Leipzig Germany Verlag von Fr Thiel xii 224 pages a b c d e f g h i Hempe Mechthild 2008 Written at Minden Germany Melitta Unternehmensgruppe ed 100 Jahre Melitta Geschichte eines Markenunternehmens 100 years Melitta History of a brand company in German 1 ed Cologne Germany Geschichtsburo Verlag Geschichtsburo Reder Roeseling amp Prufer GbR ISBN 978 3 940371 12 6 2 140 2 pages NB There is also a French translation named 100 annees Melitta L histoire d une marque Reportedly English and Brazilian translations exist as well Bellis Maria 2017 04 07 Love Your Latte This is the History of Coffee Humanities History amp Culture ThoughtCo Archived from the original on 2023 03 19 Retrieved 2023 03 19 The invention of the coffee filters Melitta Bentz mother of filter coffee Inventor and entrepreneur German Patent and Trade Mark Office DPMA 2023 01 27 Archived from the original on 2023 01 29 Retrieved 2023 01 29 Ciupka Paul 1931 Taschenbuch des Kaffee Fachmanns Pocketbook of the coffee expert in German 1 ed Hamburg Germany Otto Meissners Verlag de 311 pages a b c https picclick de Selten Melitta Urfilter Brasilfilter Brasil Kaffeefilter Gr C3 B6 C3 9Fe 2 132858082941 html unknown Eberswalder Offertenblatt Organ fur die deutschen Eisen Stahl Kurzwaren u Haushaltungs Geschafte sowie fur die Werkzeug u Werkzeugmaschinen Branche in German Vol 55 no 4xxx Eberswalde Germany September 1931 OCLC 183226441 ZDB ID 614542 5 DNB IDN 013563963 gut und zweckmassig a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a Cite uses generic title help Melitta Schnellfilter Archived from the original on 2022 03 13 Melitta Schnellfilter Archived from the original on 2022 03 31 https web archive org web 20221215085051 https www mdr de geschichte mitteldeutschland orte dresden kaffeefilter melitta bentz dresden erfindung 100 html a b c d e f g h i Original Melitta Kaffee Schnellfilter 100 und 401 Archived from the original on 2023 03 02 a b c d e f Tag des Kaffees Mein Sammlerportal Kaffee Berlin alte Reklame auf sampor de MSP web archive org 2023 02 26 Retrieved 2024 03 01 a b c d e f g Kaffeefilter Original Melitta 102 in Frankfurt am Main Bockenheim eBay Kleinanzeigen web archive org 2023 02 26 Retrieved 2024 03 01 Melitta Produktwelt Melitta Kaffeefilter Porzellan 101 Archived from the original on 2016 04 24 Melitta Produktwelt Melitta Kaffeefilter Porzellan 102 Archived from the original on 2016 10 16 https web archive org web 20230226144946 https www sampor de assets images getraenke und co filter kaffeefilter melitta 13b jpg Melitta Schnellfilter 103 Dreiloch 10 15 Tassen Archived from the original on 2023 03 01 Vintage Melitta Kipp Warmhaltekanne Typ 905 Schnellfilter Alu Porzellan 1950 eBay Archived from the original on 2023 02 26 Interessengemeinschaft RETTET DEN HUELBACH Archived from the original on 2017 03 16 https web archive org web 20230328131748 https www sampor de index php id 2740 https web archive org web 20230328132310 https www sampor de assets images alles aus papier anleitungen ga melitta 112 01a jpg https web archive org web 20230328132530 https www sampor de assets images alles aus papier anleitungen ga melitta 112 01c jpg https web archive org web 20230328131750 https www sampor de assets images alles aus papier anleitungen ga melitta 112 01 jpg Melitta Filter No 112 Etsy de Archived from the original on 2023 03 01 Melitta Porzellan Filter Schnellfilter 112 weiss 3 Loch grune Schrift 50er 60erJ Archived from the original on 2023 03 01 a b Sander Antje Siems Maren Wordemann Wilfried Meyer Stefan Janssen Nina 2015 Siems Maren ed Melitta und Friesland Porzellan 60 Jahre Keramikherstellung in Varel Melitta and Friesland Porzellan 60 years manufacturing of ceramics in Varel Schloss Museum Jever de in German Vol Jever Heft 33 1 ed Oldenburg Germany Isensee Verlag de pp 23 42 ISBN 978 3 7308 1177 1 Begleitkatalog zur Ausstellung Jeverland in Ton gebrannt 48 pages Melitta Minden Kaffee Filter 123 2 Loch 50er Kaffeefilter eBay Archived from the original on 2023 02 26 SUCHE alte Melitta Kaffeefilter Porzellan Archived from the original on 2023 03 02 Melitta Teefilter 402 mit Bruhstab Archived from the original on 2023 03 01 https web archive org web 20230328131348 https www sampor de index php id 4039 a b Original Melitta Puppenkaffee 801 Sammlerstucke Archived from the original on 2023 04 02 Kaffeefilter aus Kunststoff Grosse 502 Bisher Unbenutzt Archived from the original on 2023 04 12 Retrieved 2023 04 13 Brigitta Filtertuten Gr 502 Pack 80 4006508124473 Angebote YouPickIt Archived from the original on 2023 03 01 Objekt 1 in German Hattingen Germany Museum Bugeleisenhaus Heimatverein Hattingen Ruhr 2014 05 23 Archived from the original on 2023 02 25 Retrieved 2023 02 25 https web archive org web 20161016194258 http www melitta de 80 de Melitta Kaffeefilter Porzellan 1x4 850 html a b V60 HARIO CO LTD global hario com Retrieved 2022 08 27 a b Kumstova Karolina 2018 05 16 The Story and Development of Hario V60 European Coffee Trip Archived from the original on 2023 03 27 Retrieved 2022 08 27 dripper V60series VD 01 VD 02 VD 03 VDC 01 VDC 02 Good Design Award Retrieved 2022 08 27 Cadwalader Zac Hario Just Launched A Brand New Brewer The W60 Dripper Sprudge Retrieved 2022 08 27 V60 HARIO CO LTD global hario com Archived from the original on 2023 03 06 Retrieved 2022 08 27 https www melitta group com datei php src download SP Melitta 0051 20x20cm 300dpi jpg Melitta Rundfilter in der geschlossenen Originalverpackung 149 Archived from the original on 2023 05 07 https web archive org web 20230226102504 https www esmeyer shop de out pictures generated product 1 1300 1300 90 584 008 jpg Melitta Rapid Archived from the original on 2023 02 26 Kaffeefilter Exoten Archived from the original on 2023 02 20 Prince Mark 2023 07 20 There s No Bypassing the NextLevel Brewers Coffeegeek Archived from the original on 2023 12 29 Retrieved 2023 12 29 a b c d e Jocher G A ed 1825 Kaffee Thee und Chocolade Jochers gemeinnutzige Magie in German No Heft 17 Leipzig Germany Literarisches Central Comptoir a b c d e Ciupka Paul 1949 Kaffee Ersatz und Kaffee Zusatz in German Vol 1 Hamburg Germany Otto Meissners Verlag de p 47 Kaffee Bilder Conversations Lexikon fur das deutsche Volk in German 1 ed Leipzig Germany F A Brockhaus 1837 Archived from the original on 2021 09 27 Retrieved 2018 07 02 Besser ist es den Kaffee in einen Filtrirsack zu thun und das siedende Wasser darauf zu giessen Kaffee Pierer s Universal Lexikon der Vergangenheit und Gegenwart in German 4 ed Altenburg Germany Verlagsbuchhandlung von H A Pierer 1865 1857 Archived from the original on 2022 01 28 Retrieved 2018 07 02 Gewohnlich aber filtrirt man ihn noch vor dem Gebrauch Andere aber bereiten ihn auch durch mehrmaliges Aufgiessen siedenden Wassers uber in seine Leinwand gethanen gemahlenen K Hoffmann James Alexander 2018 The World Atlas of Coffee 2 ed Great Britain Mitchell Beazley p 84 ISBN 978 1 78472 429 0 https www homegrounds co beehouse coffee maker review https friesland porzellan de oslo form 23 https stilundmarkt de Fuers Sortiment In der Kueche KPM Cafe Berlin https www weitz porzellan de media 2b 5c 58 1654191835 100108167 47 RZ KPMFilter Anleitung A4 12 pdf https hotel seltmann com barista filter 2 m5324 00003 no limits html store hotel de amp from store hotel en https www topp and more de kataloge kueche katalog kueche seltmann promotion 2017 pdf https www kleinanzeigen de s anzeige melitta jubilaeums set 102 kaffeefilter aus porzellan 2406480643 86 1214 https www kleinanzeigen de s anzeige porzellan kaffeefilter kanne melitta geschenkset 2416344895 86 9195 Coffee Passion doppelwandiger Kaffeefilter Villeroy amp Boch Archived from the original on 2023 06 08 Further reading editGagne Jonathan at Wikidata 2020 5 Filters In Zimmer Jean ed The Physics of Filter Coffee 1 ed Scott Rao pp 105 125 ISBN 978 0 578 24608 6 1 xvi 249 3 pages Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Coffee filter amp oldid 1218039766 Ring filter, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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