Papaver nudicaule, the Iceland poppy,[4] is a boreal flowering plant. Native to subpolar regions of Asia and North America, and the mountains of Central Asia as well as temperate China[5] (but not in Iceland), Iceland poppies are hardy but short-lived perennials, often grown as biennials. They yield large, papery, bowl-shaped, lightly fragrant flowers supported by hairy, 1 foot (30 cm) curved stems among feathery blue-green foliage 1-6 inches long. They were first described by botanists in 1759. The wild species blooms in white or yellow, and is hardy from USDA Zones 3a-10b.
Cultivars come in shades of yellow, orange, salmon, rose, pink, cream and white as well as bi-colored varieties. Seed strains include: ‘Champagne Bubbles’ (15-inch plants in orange, pink, scarlet, apricot, yellow, and creamy-white); ‘Wonderland’ (10-inch dwarf strain with flowers up to 4 inches wide); ‘Flamenco’ (pink shades, bordered white, 1½ to 2 feet tall); ‘Party Fun’ (to 1 foot, said to bloom reliably the first year in autumn and the second spring); ‘Illumination’ and ‘Meadow Pastels’ (to 2 feet, perhaps the tallest strains); ‘Matador’ (scarlet flowers to 5 inches across on 16 inch plants); the perennial 'Victory Giants' with red petals and ‘Oregon Rainbows’, which has large selfed, bicolor, and picoteed[check spelling] flowers and is perhaps the best strain for the cool Pacific Northwest[7] (elsewhere this strain’s buds frequently fail to open).
White is the dominant color, the others being recessive.
CultivationEdit
Bud capsule remains on a flower
The plants prefer light, well-drained soil and full sun. The plants are not hardy in hot weather, perishing within a season in hot summer climates.
Iceland poppies, like all poppies, possess exceedingly minute seeds and long taproots that resent disturbance. In cool summer climates on well-drained soils, Iceland poppies can live 2-3 seasons, flowering from early spring to fall.[12]
Iceland poppies are amongst the best poppies for cutting, as they last for several days in the vase.[13]
GeneticsEdit
The genetics of the garden forms of P. nudicaule have been studied, particularly with respect to flower colour.[14] The white flower colour is dominant with respect to yellow. Other colours, such as buff and orange, are recessive.
ToxicityEdit
All parts of this plant are likely to be poisonous,[15] containing (like all poppies) toxic alkaloids. In particular, P. nudicaule has been shown to contain the benzophenanthidine alkaloid, chelidonine.[16] It also contains (+)-amurine, (-)-amurensinine, (-)-O-methylthalisopavine, (-)-flavinantine and (-)-amurensine.[17]
ReferencesEdit
^Linne, Carl von (1753). Species Plantarum. Vol. 1. Holmiae :Impensis Laurentii Salvii. p. 507.
^"Papaver nudicaule - Flora of Pakistan". Efloras.org. Retrieved 2014-04-27.
^Fabergé, A.C. (1942) Genetics of the scapiflora section of Papaver 1. The Garden Iceland Poppy. Journal of Genetics 44: 169-193.
^Kingsbury, J. M. (1964) Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., USA. pp. 626
^Zhang, Y., Pan, H., Chen, S., Meng, Y., Kang, S. (1997). [Minor alkaloids from the capsule of Papaver nudicaule L.] Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 22: 550-1, 576. In Chinese.
^Philipov, S; Istatkova, R; Yadamsurenghiin, GO; Samdan, J; Dangaa, S (2007). "A new 8,14-dihydropromorphinane alkaloid from Papaver nudicaule L". Natural Product Research. 21 (9): 852–6. doi:10.1080/14786410701494777. PMID 17763104. S2CID 8609245.
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October 14, 2023
papaver, nudicaule, confused, with, papaver, croceum, iceland, poppy, boreal, flowering, plant, native, subpolar, regions, asia, north, america, mountains, central, asia, well, temperate, china, iceland, iceland, poppies, hardy, short, lived, perennials, often. Not to be confused with Papaver croceum Papaver nudicaule the Iceland poppy 4 is a boreal flowering plant Native to subpolar regions of Asia and North America and the mountains of Central Asia as well as temperate China 5 but not in Iceland Iceland poppies are hardy but short lived perennials often grown as biennials They yield large papery bowl shaped lightly fragrant flowers supported by hairy 1 foot 30 cm curved stems among feathery blue green foliage 1 6 inches long They were first described by botanists in 1759 The wild species blooms in white or yellow and is hardy from USDA Zones 3a 10b Papaver nudicauleScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsOrder RanunculalesFamily PapaveraceaeGenus PapaverSpecies P nudicauleBinomial namePapaver nudicauleL 1 Synonyms 2 3 List Papaver macounii Greene 1897Papaver miyabeanum Tatewaki 1935P f amurense N Busch H Chuang 1999The Latin specific epithet nudicaule means with bare stems 6 Contents 1 Cultivars 2 Cultivation 3 Genetics 4 Toxicity 5 ReferencesCultivars EditCultivars come in shades of yellow orange salmon rose pink cream and white as well as bi colored varieties Seed strains include Champagne Bubbles 15 inch plants in orange pink scarlet apricot yellow and creamy white Wonderland 10 inch dwarf strain with flowers up to 4 inches wide Flamenco pink shades bordered white 1 to 2 feet tall Party Fun to 1 foot said to bloom reliably the first year in autumn and the second spring Illumination and Meadow Pastels to 2 feet perhaps the tallest strains Matador scarlet flowers to 5 inches across on 16 inch plants the perennial Victory Giants with red petals and Oregon Rainbows which has large selfed bicolor and picoteed check spelling flowers and is perhaps the best strain for the cool Pacific Northwest 7 elsewhere this strain s buds frequently fail to open The dwarf Gartenzwerg group 8 and the cultivars Solar Fire Orange 9 and Summer Breeze Orange 10 have all won the Royal Horticultural Society s Award of Garden Merit 11 Color variations nbsp White nbsp Orange nbsp Red nbsp Pink nbsp YellowWhite is the dominant color the others being recessive Cultivation Edit nbsp Bud capsule remains on a flowerThe plants prefer light well drained soil and full sun The plants are not hardy in hot weather perishing within a season in hot summer climates Iceland poppies like all poppies possess exceedingly minute seeds and long taproots that resent disturbance In cool summer climates on well drained soils Iceland poppies can live 2 3 seasons flowering from early spring to fall 12 Iceland poppies are amongst the best poppies for cutting as they last for several days in the vase 13 Genetics EditThe genetics of the garden forms of P nudicaule have been studied particularly with respect to flower colour 14 The white flower colour is dominant with respect to yellow Other colours such as buff and orange are recessive Toxicity EditAll parts of this plant are likely to be poisonous 15 containing like all poppies toxic alkaloids In particular P nudicaule has been shown to contain the benzophenanthidine alkaloid chelidonine 16 It also contains amurine amurensinine O methylthalisopavine flavinantine and amurensine 17 References Edit Linne Carl von 1753 Species Plantarum Vol 1 Holmiae Impensis Laurentii Salvii p 507 Papaver nudicaule Flora of Pakistan Efloras org Retrieved 2014 04 27 John H Wiersema 2005 02 22 Genus Papaver GRIN taxonomy Ars grin gov Retrieved 2014 04 27 BSBI List 2007 xls Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland Archived from the original xls on 2015 06 26 Retrieved 2014 10 17 Papaver nudicaule Germplasm Resources Information Network Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Retrieved 2014 04 27 Harrison Lorraine 2012 RHS Latin for Gardeners United Kingdom Mitchell Beazley ISBN 978 1845337315 Sunset Publishing 2001 Sunset Western Garden Book ed 7 Sunset Books Incorporated ISBN 0 376 03874 8 RHS Plantfinder Papaver nudicaule Gartenzwerg Group Retrieved 14 April 2018 RHS Plantfinder Papaver nudicaule Solar Fire Orange Retrieved 14 April 2018 Papaver nudicaule Summer Breeze Orange RHS Retrieved 18 January 2021 AGM Plants Ornamental PDF Royal Horticultural Society July 2017 p 71 Retrieved 17 April 2018 Armitage Allan M 2001 Armitage s Manual of Annuals Biennials and Half Hardy Perennials Timber Press ISBN 0 88192 505 5 Poppy Primer Floret Flowers 2019 12 10 Retrieved 2020 09 04 Faberge A C 1942 Genetics of the scapiflora section of Papaver 1 The Garden Iceland Poppy Journal of Genetics 44 169 193 Kingsbury J M 1964 Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada Prentice Hall Inc Englewood Cliffs N J USA pp 626 Zhang Y Pan H Chen S Meng Y Kang S 1997 Minor alkaloids from the capsule of Papaver nudicaule L Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 22 550 1 576 In Chinese Philipov S Istatkova R Yadamsurenghiin GO Samdan J Dangaa S 2007 A new 8 14 dihydropromorphinane alkaloid from Papaver nudicaule L Natural Product Research 21 9 852 6 doi 10 1080 14786410701494777 PMID 17763104 S2CID 8609245 nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Papaver nudicaule Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Papaver nudicaule amp oldid 1178687278, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
