In the Roman Catholic Church a consistory is a formal meeting of the College of Cardinals called by the pope. There are two kinds of consistories, extraordinary and ordinary.[1] An "extraordinary" consistory is held to allow the pope to consult with the entire membership of the College of Cardinals. An "ordinary" consistory is ceremonial in nature and attended by cardinals resident in Rome. For example, the pope elevates new cardinals to the College at a consistory;[2]Pope Francis has called consistories for ceremonies of canonization.[3][4]
The term consistory comes from the Latin: con-sistere; "stand together".[5] Early popes conferred with their Roman presbytery which included the deacons appointed to oversee different parts of Rome. This tradition continued as deacons were replaced with cardinals and those cardinals (from among whom the pope was chosen) continued to meet at the request of successive popes.[citation needed]
Consistories became an opportunity for the pope to decide matters of state and dispense justice directly, with the support and advice of Roman bishops and those bishops from other regions who happened to be in Rome. Pope Leo IV ordered that consistories be held twice weekly. Pope John VIII relaxed that edict slightly and an order of twice-monthly consistories.[5] With the Gregorian Reform, the Church limited outside influences on the papacy and the selection of popes and the power of cardinals increased. Tradition developed that the pope would use consistories (closer to twice-yearly by the 17th century) to reveal a list of those that were to be elevated to the rank of cardinal.[citation needed]
Eventually, responsibility for matters of justice was transferred to the Roman Rota and the functions of the Church were transferred to the Roman Curia reducing the need for regular consistories. Subsequently, consistories became primarily ceremonial in function.[5]
Medal of the consistory of Pope Paul II (c. 1466 or 1467)
At a consistory for the creation of cardinals, the pope creates new cardinals in the presence of a number, if not all, of the cardinals. Though the names of the new cardinals have been announced in advance, they only become cardinals at the consistory when the pope formally publishes the decree of elevation, even if the new cardinal is not present.[a]
New cardinals present are presented with their rings, zucchetti (small skullcaps), and birette (four-cornered silk hats) by the pope.[b]
The zucchetto and the biretta are scarlet, the distinctive color of cardinals' vesture.
Pope Benedict XVI held five consistories.[citation needed] In 2007 and 2010 he held a day-long meeting with the entire College, the cardinals designate, and various advisers on the day preceding the Consistory of Creation.
Pope Francis followed this custom for his first two consistories.[6] His 2014 consistory for creating new cardinals was preceded by an extraordinary consistory where Cardinal Walter Kasper gave an address designed to launch the discussions of the Synod on the Family held later in the year. In 2015 a similar extraordinary consistory on the eve of a consistory to create cardinals discussed the reform of the Roman Curia just a few days before Francis formed the Council of Cardinals to advise him on that reform.[7] Francis has held seven consistories at roughly annual intervals, as of November 2020[update].[citation needed]
In pectore, a way of creating a cardinal without public announcement
Notes
^For example, Bishop John Fisher was imprisoned by King Henry VIII on 26 April 1534. A year later, in May 1535, Pope Paul III created Fisher a cardinal. King Henry, however, forbade the cardinal's hat to be brought into England, declaring that he would send the head to Rome instead. Cardinal Fisher was beheaded a month later on 22 June.[citation needed]
^Formerly they also received an elaborate broad-brimmed tasseled hat, the galerum rubrum, at the ceremony, but Pope Paul VI abolished this in 1967 and those cardinals who want these obtain them privately from a maker in Rome.
^Pope Paul VI abolished their functional involvement in the governance of these churches; the cardinals formally "take possession" of these churches at a later date.
^"Announcement of the Consistory of 29 June for the creation of new Cardinals, 20.05.2018" (Press release). Holy See Press Office. 20 May 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
^"Pope Convokes Consistory for Canonization of Little Shepherds of Fatima". Zenit. 11 April 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
^"Causes of Saints: Consistory for the Canonizations of Paul VI and Bishop Romero on May 19th". Zenit. 3 May 2018. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
^ abcPapal Consistory by Kevin Knight (Catholic Encyclopedia, 2009)
^Reese SJ, Thomas J. (14 November 2010). "Thomas Reese on the Consistory". America. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
^Gagliarducci, Andrea (18 November 2016). "So what is a consistory, anyway?". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
Additional sources
Guido Marini, "Modifications to the Rite Approved by Benedict XVI: A Consistory between Tradition and Innovation", Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff, Retrieved 31 August 2017
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Papal consistories.
"Roman Catholic Consistories for the creation of Cardinals form 1903 to 2005". wedept.fiu.edu. from the original on 22 February 2018.[self-published source]
January 11, 2023
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In the Roman Catholic Church a consistory is a formal meeting of the College of Cardinals called by the pope There are two kinds of consistories extraordinary and ordinary 1 An extraordinary consistory is held to allow the pope to consult with the entire membership of the College of Cardinals An ordinary consistory is ceremonial in nature and attended by cardinals resident in Rome For example the pope elevates new cardinals to the College at a consistory 2 Pope Francis has called consistories for ceremonies of canonization 3 4 First public consistory of Pope Pius X A meeting of the College of Cardinals to elect a new pope is not a consistory but a conclave Contents 1 History 2 Consistory for the creation of cardinals 3 Recent consistories 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksHistory EditThe term consistory comes from the Latin con sistere stand together 5 Early popes conferred with their Roman presbytery which included the deacons appointed to oversee different parts of Rome This tradition continued as deacons were replaced with cardinals and those cardinals from among whom the pope was chosen continued to meet at the request of successive popes citation needed Consistories became an opportunity for the pope to decide matters of state and dispense justice directly with the support and advice of Roman bishops and those bishops from other regions who happened to be in Rome Pope Leo IV ordered that consistories be held twice weekly Pope John VIII relaxed that edict slightly and an order of twice monthly consistories 5 With the Gregorian Reform the Church limited outside influences on the papacy and the selection of popes and the power of cardinals increased Tradition developed that the pope would use consistories closer to twice yearly by the 17th century to reveal a list of those that were to be elevated to the rank of cardinal citation needed Eventually responsibility for matters of justice was transferred to the Roman Rota and the functions of the Church were transferred to the Roman Curia reducing the need for regular consistories Subsequently consistories became primarily ceremonial in function 5 Consistory for the creation of cardinals EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed July 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Medal of the consistory of Pope Paul II c 1466 or 1467 At a consistory for the creation of cardinals the pope creates new cardinals in the presence of a number if not all of the cardinals Though the names of the new cardinals have been announced in advance they only become cardinals at the consistory when the pope formally publishes the decree of elevation even if the new cardinal is not present a New cardinals present are presented with their rings zucchetti small skullcaps and birette four cornered silk hats by the pope b The zucchetto and the biretta are scarlet the distinctive color of cardinals vesture At the consistory new cardinals with certain exceptions are assigned titular churches in the Diocese of Rome c Recent consistories EditPope Benedict XVI held five consistories citation needed In 2007 and 2010 he held a day long meeting with the entire College the cardinals designate and various advisers on the day preceding the Consistory of Creation Pope Francis followed this custom for his first two consistories 6 His 2014 consistory for creating new cardinals was preceded by an extraordinary consistory where Cardinal Walter Kasper gave an address designed to launch the discussions of the Synod on the Family held later in the year In 2015 a similar extraordinary consistory on the eve of a consistory to create cardinals discussed the reform of the Roman Curia just a few days before Francis formed the Council of Cardinals to advise him on that reform 7 Francis has held seven consistories at roughly annual intervals as of November 2020 update citation needed See also EditList of the creations of the cardinals In pectore a way of creating a cardinal without public announcementNotes Edit For example Bishop John Fisher was imprisoned by King Henry VIII on 26 April 1534 A year later in May 1535 Pope Paul III created Fisher a cardinal King Henry however forbade the cardinal s hat to be brought into England declaring that he would send the head to Rome instead Cardinal Fisher was beheaded a month later on 22 June citation needed Formerly they also received an elaborate broad brimmed tasseled hat the galerum rubrum at the ceremony but Pope Paul VI abolished this in 1967 and those cardinals who want these obtain them privately from a maker in Rome Pope Paul VI abolished their functional involvement in the governance of these churches the cardinals formally take possession of these churches at a later date References Edit Code of Canon Law Canon 353 Announcement of the Consistory of 29 June for the creation of new Cardinals 20 05 2018 Press release Holy See Press Office 20 May 2018 Retrieved 26 May 2018 Pope Convokes Consistory for Canonization of Little Shepherds of Fatima Zenit 11 April 2017 Retrieved 26 May 2018 Causes of Saints Consistory for the Canonizations of Paul VI and Bishop Romero on May 19th Zenit 3 May 2018 Retrieved 27 May 2018 a b c Papal Consistory by Kevin Knight Catholic Encyclopedia 2009 Reese SJ Thomas J 14 November 2010 Thomas Reese on the Consistory America Retrieved 28 May 2018 Gagliarducci Andrea 18 November 2016 So what is a consistory anyway Catholic News Agency Retrieved 26 May 2018 Additional sourcesGuido Marini Modifications to the Rite Approved by Benedict XVI A Consistory between Tradition and Innovation Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff Retrieved 31 August 2017External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Papal consistories Consistory Encyclopaedia Britannica 11th ed 1911 Roman Catholic Consistories for the creation of Cardinals form 1903 to 2005 wedept fiu edu Archived from the original on 22 February 2018 self published source Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Papal consistory amp oldid 1081002511, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
