The zucchetto originated as the Greek pilos and is related to the beret (which itself was originally a large zucchetto). It was adopted circa the Early Middle Ages or earlier, to keep clerics' heads warm. Its name derives from its resemblance to half a pumpkin. It is almost identical to the Jewish kippah or yarmulke, and this resemblance is often considered to have been deliberate (as a reminder of Jesus’ and Christianity’s Jewish roots), though its religious significance is ultimately quite different.[8]
In Catholicism, the modern zucchetto is most commonly made of silk or polyester fabric. The design utilises eight gores or triangular panels that are joined at the tips to form a hemispherical skullcap. Jutting from the central tip of the zucchetto is the "stem", known as stirpis or stirpes. It is made of a twisted loop of silk cord and is meant to make handling the zucchetto easier. The stirpes is the primary visual distinction between the zucchetto and the Jewish kippah.
The zucchetto traditionally has a lining of thin leather (chamois) as an insulator; this is also to help keep the shape of the zucchetto. Inside the trim, there is a strip of velvet to ensure a secure and comfortable fit. Most modern zucchetto designs include a cloth lining, and the contemporary trend is using ordinary synthetic cloth with a simple, natural cloth lining.[9]
Colors
The color of the zucchetto in Catholicism denotes the wearer's rank:
The use of the black zucchetto by priests and deacons is generally uncommon and widely considered an eccentricity. Some friar-preachers have adopted the practice of wearing a brown zucchetto to match their brown habit.[10] The pope customarily wears a white zucchetto to match his white cassock.[11]
The most common Anglican design can be similar to the Catholic zucchetto or, far more often, similar to the Jewish kippah.[12] A form of the zucchetto is worn by Anglican bishops and is used approximately like that of the Catholic Church. The Anglican "skullcap" differs from the zucchetto primarily in that it is made of six panels, bears a button at centre of the crown, and is of slightly larger dimensions. The other exception is Anglican churches usually (but not always) differ from the Catholic "church violet" for bishops, and instead use purple.
In the Syriac Orthodox tradition, a seven-panel zucchetto called a phiro is worn by nearly all priests. It is always black and embroidered with black Orthodox crosses.[13]
Usage
All ordained men in the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church are entitled to wear the black zucchetto unless promoted to a higher rank, and it is worn with either the cassock or liturgical vestments. When a biretta or mitre is worn, a zucchetto is always worn underneath; hence its other names of subbirettum and submitrale.[14] The zucchetto is never worn with a suit. Amaranth and scarlet zucchetti are considered a symbolic honor granted to the prelate. Thus, the prelate is privileged to wear his zucchetto, not entitled.[citation needed]
The common tradition is for the cleric to obtain the zucchetto either from an ecclesiastical tailor or a retail church supply. There is also a tradition of friends buying a newly appointed bishop his first zucchetto.[15]
A lower-ranking prelate must always doff his skullcap to a higher-ranking prelate; all prelates must remove their zucchetti in the presence of the pope, unless the pope says not to do so.[11]
The zucchetto is worn throughout most of the Mass, is removed at the commencement of the Preface, and replaced at the conclusion of Communion, when the Blessed Sacrament is put away. The zucchetto is also not worn at any occasion where the Blessed Sacrament is exposed. A short zucchetto stand known as a funghellino ("little mushroom", usually made of brass or wood) can be placed near the altar to provide a safe place for the zucchetto when it is not being worn.[14]
Prelates often give away their skullcaps to the faithful. The practice, which was started in the modern era by Pope Pius XII, involves giving the zucchetto to the faithful, as a keepsake, if presented with a new one as a gift. Popes John Paul II, Benedict XVI, and Francis have continued the custom.[16] The pope might choose not to give the visitor his own zucchetto, but rather place the gift zucchetto on his head for a moment as a blessing, then return it to the giver. Bishops, cardinals and archbishops such as Fulton J. Sheen frequently gave their old zucchettos in exchange for the newly offered one; Sheen also gave his zucchetto as a keepsake to laity who requested it.[16]
Braun, Joseph (1912). "Zucchetto". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company. pp. 765–766 – via Wikisource.
Duffy, Eamon (2006). Saints and Sinners: A History of the Popes (3rd ed.). New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN978-0-300-11597-0.
Kilgour, Ruth Edwards (1958). A Pageant of Hats Ancient and Modern. New York: R. M. McBride Company.
Marshall, Taylor (2009). The Crucified Rabbi: Judaism and the Origins of Catholic Christianity. The Origins of Catholicism. Vol. 1. Dallas, Texas: Saint John Press. ISBN978-0-578-03834-6.
McCloud, Henry (1948). Clerical Dress and Insignia of the Roman Catholic Church. Wisconsin: Bruce Publishing Company.
Further reading
Wray, Cecil Daniel (1856). A Short Inquiry Respecting the Vestments of the Priests of the Anglican Church. London: Joseph Masters. Retrieved December 26, 2011 – via Project Canterbury.
zucchetto, zucchetto, also, italian, dzukˈketto, meaning, small, gourd, from, zucca, pumpkin, plural, english, zucchettos, solideo, officially, pileolus, small, hemispherical, form, fitting, ecclesiastical, skullcap, worn, clerics, various, catholic, churches,. The zucchetto t s uː ˈ k ɛ t oʊ z uː ˈ 1 also UK t s ʊ ˈ 2 US z ʊ ˈ 3 Italian dzukˈketto meaning small gourd from zucca pumpkin plural in English zucchettos a 4 or solideo 5 officially a pileolus 6 is a small hemispherical form fitting ecclesiastical skullcap worn by clerics of various Catholic churches the Syriac Orthodox Church and by senior clergy in Anglicanism 1 2 3 Cardinal Franciszek Macharski with a scarlet zucchetto It is also called a pilus pilos pileus pileolo subbiretum submitrale soli deo berrettino calotte or calotta 7 Contents 1 History 2 Construction and design 2 1 Colors 3 Usage 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 6 1 Footnotes 6 2 Bibliography 7 Further readingHistory EditThe zucchetto originated as the Greek pilos and is related to the beret which itself was originally a large zucchetto It was adopted circa the Early Middle Ages or earlier to keep clerics heads warm Its name derives from its resemblance to half a pumpkin It is almost identical to the Jewish kippah or yarmulke and this resemblance is often considered to have been deliberate as a reminder of Jesus and Christianity s Jewish roots though its religious significance is ultimately quite different 8 Construction and design EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Zucchetto news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message White zucchetto worn by popes and popes emeriti Two bishops wearing amaranth zucchetti Priest s black zucchetto In Catholicism the modern zucchetto is most commonly made of silk or polyester fabric The design utilises eight gores or triangular panels that are joined at the tips to form a hemispherical skullcap Jutting from the central tip of the zucchetto is the stem known as stirpis or stirpes It is made of a twisted loop of silk cord and is meant to make handling the zucchetto easier The stirpes is the primary visual distinction between the zucchetto and the Jewish kippah The zucchetto traditionally has a lining of thin leather chamois as an insulator this is also to help keep the shape of the zucchetto Inside the trim there is a strip of velvet to ensure a secure and comfortable fit Most modern zucchetto designs include a cloth lining and the contemporary trend is using ordinary synthetic cloth with a simple natural cloth lining 9 Colors Edit The color of the zucchetto in Catholicism denotes the wearer s rank the pope s zucchetto is white those worn by cardinals are scarlet those of archbishops bishops territorial abbots and territorial prelates are amaranth and regular abbots priests and deacons wear a black zucchetto The use of the black zucchetto by priests and deacons is generally uncommon and widely considered an eccentricity Some friar preachers have adopted the practice of wearing a brown zucchetto to match their brown habit 10 The pope customarily wears a white zucchetto to match his white cassock 11 The most common Anglican design can be similar to the Catholic zucchetto or far more often similar to the Jewish kippah 12 A form of the zucchetto is worn by Anglican bishops and is used approximately like that of the Catholic Church The Anglican skullcap differs from the zucchetto primarily in that it is made of six panels bears a button at centre of the crown and is of slightly larger dimensions The other exception is Anglican churches usually but not always differ from the Catholic church violet for bishops and instead use purple In the Syriac Orthodox tradition a seven panel zucchetto called a phiro is worn by nearly all priests It is always black and embroidered with black Orthodox crosses 13 Usage EditAll ordained men in the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church are entitled to wear the black zucchetto unless promoted to a higher rank and it is worn with either the cassock or liturgical vestments When a biretta or mitre is worn a zucchetto is always worn underneath hence its other names of subbirettum and submitrale 14 The zucchetto is never worn with a suit Amaranth and scarlet zucchetti are considered a symbolic honor granted to the prelate Thus the prelate is privileged to wear his zucchetto not entitled citation needed The common tradition is for the cleric to obtain the zucchetto either from an ecclesiastical tailor or a retail church supply There is also a tradition of friends buying a newly appointed bishop his first zucchetto 15 A lower ranking prelate must always doff his skullcap to a higher ranking prelate all prelates must remove their zucchetti in the presence of the pope unless the pope says not to do so 11 The zucchetto is worn throughout most of the Mass is removed at the commencement of the Preface and replaced at the conclusion of Communion when the Blessed Sacrament is put away The zucchetto is also not worn at any occasion where the Blessed Sacrament is exposed A short zucchetto stand known as a funghellino little mushroom usually made of brass or wood can be placed near the altar to provide a safe place for the zucchetto when it is not being worn 14 Prelates often give away their skullcaps to the faithful The practice which was started in the modern era by Pope Pius XII involves giving the zucchetto to the faithful as a keepsake if presented with a new one as a gift Popes John Paul II Benedict XVI and Francis have continued the custom 16 The pope might choose not to give the visitor his own zucchetto but rather place the gift zucchetto on his head for a moment as a blessing then return it to the giver Bishops cardinals and archbishops such as Fulton J Sheen frequently gave their old zucchettos in exchange for the newly offered one Sheen also gave his zucchetto as a keepsake to laity who requested it 16 See also Edit Christianity portalTaqiyah cap Skufia Philippi Collection Kippah or yarmulkeNotes Edit Compare zucchini of related origin References EditFootnotes Edit a b Zucchetto Collins English Dictionary HarperCollins Retrieved 3 June 2019 a b zucchetto US and zucchetto Lexico UK English Dictionary Oxford University Press Archived from the original on 2020 03 22 a b zucchetto Merriam Webster Dictionary Retrieved 3 June 2019 in Italian Dizionario Treccani Definition of SOLIDEO www merriam webster com Retrieved 2022 12 16 CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA Zucchetto www newadvent org Retrieved 2022 12 16 Marshall 2009 pp 11 13 Kilgour 1958 Marshall 2009 pp 11 13 McCloud 1948 pp 79 81 Kilgour 1958 McCloud 1948 pp 79 80 a b McCloud 1948 pp 79 80 anglicanhistory org citation needed Kilgour 1958 a b Braun 1912 McCloud 1948 p 79 Knox Noelle April 7 2005 Tailor pays tribute USA Today McLean Virginia Retrieved September 21 2017 a b Duffy 2006 Bibliography Edit Braun Joseph 1912 Zucchetto In Herbermann Charles ed Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 15 New York Robert Appleton Company pp 765 766 via Wikisource Duffy Eamon 2006 Saints and Sinners A History of the Popes 3rd ed New Haven Connecticut Yale University Press ISBN 978 0 300 11597 0 Kilgour Ruth Edwards 1958 A Pageant of Hats Ancient and Modern New York R M McBride Company Marshall Taylor 2009 The Crucified Rabbi Judaism and the Origins of Catholic Christianity The Origins of Catholicism Vol 1 Dallas Texas Saint John Press ISBN 978 0 578 03834 6 McCloud Henry 1948 Clerical Dress and Insignia of the Roman Catholic Church Wisconsin Bruce Publishing Company Further reading EditWray Cecil Daniel 1856 A Short Inquiry Respecting the Vestments of the Priests of the Anglican Church London Joseph Masters Retrieved December 26 2011 via Project Canterbury Zucchetto at Wikipedia s sister projects Media from Commons Texts from Wikisource Data from Wikidata Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Zucchetto amp oldid 1131083903, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
