Palyanytsya (Ukrainian: паляниця, Ukrainian:[pɐlʲɐˈnɪt͡sʲɐ]) is a type of Ukrainian hearth-baked bread, made mostly of wheat flour in a home oven. The yeast hearth bread has a semi-circular cut across the top third of the loaf.
The word comes from Ukrainian: пали́ти, romanized: palyty, meaning "to burn" or "to smoke".[1] This is because, when baking the bread, the raised crust can sometimes be burned. Another version is based on the assumption that pOlianytsia is a traditional bread produced by the Polans (Poliany) an early medieval tribe of Eastern Slavs.
Ahatanhel Krymsky, a noted Ukrainophile and scholar, believed that the word palianytsia comes from the Greek: πελανος, romanized: pelanos,[2][page needed] which referred to round cakes offered to the gods.[3]
Recipeedit
Traditional palyanytsya was baked from yeast dough. First, hops were boiled in a pot, which was then poured into a makitra, to which sifted wheat flour was added. The resulting dough was kneaded, covered with a makitra and left to cool. Yeast or sourdough was added to the cooled dough and placed in an unheated oven overnight. In the morning, the dough that had already risen was kneaded with wheat flour, and warm water and salt were added. The dough was then kneaded at night until it stopped sticking to the baker's hands. After that, the dough was divided into pieces, which were then rolled out on the table. The resulting bread was placed in the oven on a wooden shovel, sprinkled with flour or steamed cabbage leaf. Finally, an incision was made in the bread to allow it to rise further when baked.[4]
According to GOST 12793-77, the bakeries of the USSR produced a standardized "Ukrainian palyanytsya" baked in molds.[5] It had a mass of 750g-1kg, with a lateral cut of 3/4 of a circle.
Symbolismedit
In Christianity, palyanytsya, like bread in general, symbolizes happiness and can represent well-being, the body of God, affection, hospitality and security. Palyanytsya can also be interpreted as a symbol of the sun.[6]
According to popular belief, you should not eat a piece of palyanytsya after another person, as doing so will take away their happiness. It is also unlucky to leave a piece uneaten; and eating bread behind another person's back will "eat" their strength.[7]
Other usesedit
The word palyanytsya is used as an important shibboleth test in the Ukrainian language, to identify people for whom the Ukrainian language is not phonetically familiar. During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the word was often used to identify Russian soldiers or saboteurs.[8][9] When captured, some Russians have claimed to be Ukrainian. Instead of pronouncing паляницяpalianytsia as [pɐlʲɐˈnɪt͡sʲɐ]), Russian speakers would often mispronounce the stressed Ukrainian letter и (y), which represents the non-palatal vowel /ɪ/, as /(j)i/, which is represented instead by Ukrainian і (i)[a]; they also often mispronounce the first unstressed я (ya) as [ʲɪ] and the second unstressed я (ya) - after the letter ц (ts) - as [ə].[b][10] Thus the result is [pɐlʲɪˈnʲit͡sə], sounding as if it's spelt пальиніца pal’ynitsa / палініца palinitsa with Ukrainian letters.
^"πελανός", Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon at www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2022-03-30.
^Ethnographic Review No 1-2 (in Russian). Moscow: Ethnographic Department of the Imperial Society of Naturalists, Anthropologists and Ethnographers. 1899.
^"ГОСТ 27842-88 Хлеб из пшеничной муки. Технические условия (с Изменениями N 1, 2) от 29 сентября 1988 - docs.cntd.ru". docs.cntd.ru. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
^Коцур, В.П.; Потапенко, О.І.; Куйбіда, B.В. (2015). Енциклопедичний словник символів культури України (in Ukrainian). Havryšenko. ISBN9789662464481.
^Коцур, В.П.; Потапенко, О.І.; Куйбіда, B.В. (2015). Енциклопедичний словник символів культури України (in Ukrainian). Havryšenko. ISBN9789662464481.
^"Скажи паляниця: чому саме це слово вибрали для ідентифікації російських військових". Апостроф (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2022-03-01.
^"Не вимовив "паляниця": на Рівненщині затримали росіянина з "вибухівкою"". Українська правда (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2022-04-13.
palianytsia, ukrainian, footballer, with, such, surname, oleksandr, palyanytsya, palyanytsya, ukrainian, паляниця, ukrainian, pɐlʲɐˈnɪt, sʲɐ, type, ukrainian, hearth, baked, bread, made, mostly, wheat, flour, home, oven, yeast, hearth, bread, semi, circular, a. For Ukrainian footballer with such surname see Oleksandr Palyanytsya Palyanytsya Ukrainian palyanicya Ukrainian pɐlʲɐˈnɪt sʲɐ is a type of Ukrainian hearth baked bread made mostly of wheat flour in a home oven The yeast hearth bread has a semi circular cut across the top third of the loaf PalyanytsyaPalyanytsya depicted on a Ukrainian postage stampTypeBreadPlace of originUkraineMain ingredientsFlour Contents 1 Etymology 2 Recipe 3 Symbolism 4 Other uses 5 See also 6 Notes 7 ReferencesEtymology editThe word comes from Ukrainian pali ti romanized palyty meaning to burn or to smoke 1 This is because when baking the bread the raised crust can sometimes be burned Another version is based on the assumption that pOlianytsia is a traditional bread produced by the Polans Poliany an early medieval tribe of Eastern Slavs Ahatanhel Krymsky a noted Ukrainophile and scholar believed that the word palianytsia comes from the Greek pelanos romanized pelanos 2 page needed which referred to round cakes offered to the gods 3 Recipe editTraditional palyanytsya was baked from yeast dough First hops were boiled in a pot which was then poured into a makitra to which sifted wheat flour was added The resulting dough was kneaded covered with a makitra and left to cool Yeast or sourdough was added to the cooled dough and placed in an unheated oven overnight In the morning the dough that had already risen was kneaded with wheat flour and warm water and salt were added The dough was then kneaded at night until it stopped sticking to the baker s hands After that the dough was divided into pieces which were then rolled out on the table The resulting bread was placed in the oven on a wooden shovel sprinkled with flour or steamed cabbage leaf Finally an incision was made in the bread to allow it to rise further when baked 4 According to GOST 12793 77 the bakeries of the USSR produced a standardized Ukrainian palyanytsya baked in molds 5 It had a mass of 750g 1kg with a lateral cut of 3 4 of a circle Symbolism editIn Christianity palyanytsya like bread in general symbolizes happiness and can represent well being the body of God affection hospitality and security Palyanytsya can also be interpreted as a symbol of the sun 6 According to popular belief you should not eat a piece of palyanytsya after another person as doing so will take away their happiness It is also unlucky to leave a piece uneaten and eating bread behind another person s back will eat their strength 7 Other uses editThe word palyanytsya is used as an important shibboleth test in the Ukrainian language to identify people for whom the Ukrainian language is not phonetically familiar During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine the word was often used to identify Russian soldiers or saboteurs 8 9 When captured some Russians have claimed to be Ukrainian Instead of pronouncing palyanicya palianytsia as pɐlʲɐˈnɪt sʲɐ Russian speakers would often mispronounce the stressed Ukrainian letter i y which represents the non palatal vowel ɪ as j i which is represented instead by Ukrainian i i a they also often mispronounce the first unstressed ya ya as ʲɪ and the second unstressed ya ya after the letter c ts as e b 10 Thus the result is pɐlʲɪˈnʲit se sounding as if it s spelt palinica pal ynitsa palinica palinitsa with Ukrainian letters See also editKorovai KnishNotes edit In Russian the palatal j i is represented by the stressed letter i This mistake is particularly widespread because the phoneme t s is never palatalized in Russian unlike in Ukrainian References edit Etimologichnij slovnik ukrayinskoyi movi Tom 4 N P 2003 Kievskaya starina 1899 1899 pelanos Henry George Liddell Robert Scott A Greek English Lexicon at www perseus tufts edu Retrieved 2022 03 30 Ethnographic Review No 1 2 in Russian Moscow Ethnographic Department of the Imperial Society of Naturalists Anthropologists and Ethnographers 1899 GOST 27842 88 Hleb iz pshenichnoj muki Tehnicheskie usloviya s Izmeneniyami N 1 2 ot 29 sentyabrya 1988 docs cntd ru docs cntd ru Retrieved 2022 03 01 Kocur V P Potapenko O I Kujbida B V 2015 Enciklopedichnij slovnik simvoliv kulturi Ukrayini in Ukrainian Havrysenko ISBN 9789662464481 Kocur V P Potapenko O I Kujbida B V 2015 Enciklopedichnij slovnik simvoliv kulturi Ukrayini in Ukrainian Havrysenko ISBN 9789662464481 Skazhi palyanicya chomu same ce slovo vibrali dlya identifikaciyi rosijskih vijskovih Apostrof in Ukrainian Retrieved 2022 03 01 Ne vimoviv palyanicya na Rivnenshini zatrimali rosiyanina z vibuhivkoyu Ukrayinska pravda in Ukrainian Retrieved 2022 04 13 Shibboleth BLOG ON LINGUISTICS 2013 10 09 Retrieved 2022 03 01 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Palianytsia amp oldid 1221645166, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
