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Pacific white-sided dolphin

February 21, 2023

See also: Atlantic white-sided dolphin

The Pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens), also known as the hookfin porpoise, is an active dolphin found in the cool or temperate waters of the North Pacific Ocean.[4][5]

Pacific white-sided dolphin[1]
Size compared to an average human
CITES Appendix II (CITES)[3]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Infraorder: Cetacea
Family: Delphinidae
Genus: Lagenorhynchus
Species:
L. obliquidens
Binomial name
Lagenorhynchus obliquidens
(Gill, 1865)
  Pacific white-sided dolphin range

Taxonomy

The Pacific white-sided dolphin was named by Smithsonian mammalogist Theodore Nicholas Gill in 1865. It is morphologically similar to the dusky dolphin, which is found in the South Pacific.[6] Genetic analysis by Frank Cipriano suggests the two species diverged around two million years ago.

Though traditionally placed in the genus Lagenorhynchus, molecular analyses indicate they are closer to dolphins of the genus Cephalorhynchus, in the Lissodelphininae subfamily, than to both the Atlantic white-sided dolphin and the White-beaked dolphin. It has therefore been proposed to move the Pacific white-sided dolphin to the resurrected genus Sagmatias together with other southern hemisphere Lagenorhyncus species (hourglass dolphin, Dusky dolphin and Peale's dolphin).[7] However, the detailed phylogenetic relationships within this group of dolphins is still not fully elucidated.

Description

 
Pacific white-sided dolphin's brain at Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium

The Pacific white-sided dolphin has three colors. The chin, throat and belly are creamy white. The beak, flippers, back, and dorsal fin are a dark gray. Light gray patches are seen on the sides and a further light gray stripe runs from above the eye to below the dorsal fin, where it thickens along the tail stock. A dark gray ring surrounds the eyes.

The species is an average-sized oceanic dolphin. Females weigh up to 150 kg (330 lb) and males 200 kg (440 lb) with males reaching 2.5 m (8.2 ft) and females 2.3 m (7.5 ft) in length. Pacific white-sided dolphins usually tend to be larger than dusky dolphins. Females reach maturity at seven years. From 1990 to 1991, a study conducted by Richard C. Ferrero and William A. Walker revealed the vast majority of Pacific white-sided dolphins that fell victim to the drift nets were between the ages of 8.3 to 11 when they sexually matured.[8] The gestation period usually last for one year. Individuals are believed to live up 40 years or more.[6]

The Pacific white-sided dolphin is extremely active and mixes with many of the other North Pacific cetacean species. It readily approaches boats and bow-rides. Large groups are common, averaging 90 individuals, with supergroups of more than 300. Prey includes mainly hake, anchovies, squid, herring, salmon, and cod.[9]

They have an average of 60 teeth.[10]

Range and habitat

The range of the Pacific white-sided dolphin arcs across the cool to temperate waters of the North Pacific.[6][11][12] Sightings go no further south than the South China Sea on the western side and the Baja California Peninsula on the eastern. Populations may also be found in the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk. In the northern part of the range, some individuals may be found in the Bering Sea. The dolphins appear to follow some sort of migratory pattern – on the eastern side they are most abundant in the Southern California Bight in winter, but further north (Oregon, Washington) in summer. Their preference for off-shore deep waters appears to be year-round.[13][14] The only known predator of the Pacific white-sided dolphin is the killer whale,[15] but at least one case of predation by the Great White Shark has been recorded.[16]

The total population may be as many as 1 million.[6] However, the tendency of Pacific white-sided dolphins to approach boats complicates precise estimates via sampling.

Behavior

These dolphins keep close company.[17] White-sided dolphins swim in groups of 10 to 100, and can often be seen bow-riding and doing somersaults.[6][18] Members form a close-knit group and will often care for a sick or injured dolphin. Animals that live in such big social groups develop ways to keep in touch, with each dolphin identifying itself by a unique name-whistle. Staying close helps, too. Young dolphins communicate with a touch of a flipper as they swim beside adults.

Studies conducted on Pacific white-sided dolphins, as well as Risso's dolphin have revealed a multitude of things about how they communicate as a species, which was revealed to be vastly different from bottlenose dolphins and common dolphins.[19] The studies have revealed that their notches and spectral peaks happen to be more low pitched when juxtaposed with the bottlenose dolphins and common dolphins as mentioned earlier.[20] Other studies have revealed similar behaviors. Two studies conducted back in 2010 and 2011 revealed that the vocalizations of Pacific white-sided dolphins can range differently only from their behavioral states, indicating strong similarities between the acoustic and surface behavior for various foraging behaviors, including the possibility of an undescribed subspecies. The oceanographical data in the area can also effect the behavioral patterns of the dolphins. The studies also revealed that the different types of echolocations do vary based on the geographical locations; the first population of Pacific white-sided dolphins that were observed, inhabiting the waters near the Pacific United States seemed to more activity during the night while the second population of Pacific white-sided dolphins, that were also observed, inhabiting areas near Baja California, were observed to be more active during the day. Some argue there are two major factors which are the cause of this sort of behavior: the seasons and the dolphins search for prey.[21][22]

The first sighting of the species on Commander Islands involved a single dolphin to travel along with a pod of killer whales in 2013.[23]

Pacific white-sided dolphins are known to sleep on average seven hours a night.[24]

Relation to humans

 
 
Left: High-jump during Pacific white-sided dolphin show at the Vancouver Aquarium
Right: Pacific white-sided dolphin named Spinnaker at Vancouver Aquarium

Protection

Until the United Nations banned certain types of large fishing nets in 1933, many Pacific white-sided dolphins were killed in drift nets. Some animals are still killed each year by Japanese hunting drives.

Captivity

Although overshadowed in popularity by bottlenose dolphins, Pacific white-sided dolphins are also a part of some marine theme park shows. Roughly 100 reside in dolphinaria in North America and Japan. In captivity, they tend to consume less amounts of food when compared to their wild counterparts, this could be the case due to the fact of temperatures changing in the water based on the seasons. However, the condition in which the dolphins lives, most likely in an aquarium tank, will impact how much energy is required for a captive dolphin to thrive in captivity. Studies have also shown that the highest amount of food intake that a captive Pacific white-sided dolphin displays in autumn when the dolphin increase their food intake as well as their body mass.[25][26]

See also

References

  1. ^ Mead, J. G.; Brownell, R. L. Jr. (2005). "Order Cetacea". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 723–743. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ Ashe, E.; Braulik, G. (2018). "Lagenorhynchus obliquidens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T11145A50361866. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T11145A50361866.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  3. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  4. ^ "Pacific White-Sided Dolphin". NOAA Fisheries. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 19 October 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ^ "Kenai Fjords National Park". National Park Service. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  6. ^ a b c d e Wursig, Bernd; Perrin, William F.; Thewissen, J. 'Hans' (2009-02-26). Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press. pp. 817–818. ISBN 978-0-08-091993-5.
  7. ^ Vollmer, Nicole L.; et al. (January 31, 2019). "Taxonomic revision of the dolphin genus Lagenorhynchus". Marine Mammal Science. 35 (3): 957–1057. doi:10.1111/mms.12573. S2CID 92421374. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
  8. ^ Ferrero, R.C.; Walker, W.A. (1996). "Age, growth, and reproductive patterns of the Pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) taken in high seas drift nets in the central North Pacific Ocean". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 74 (9): 1673–1687. doi:10.1139/z96-185.
  9. ^ Morton, A. (January 2000). "Occurrence, Photo‐identification and Prey of Pacific White‐sided Dolphins (Lagenorhyncus obliquidens) in the Broughton Archipelago, Canada 1984–1998". Marine Mammal Science. 16 (1): 80–93. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2000.tb00905.x.
  10. ^ Black, Nancy A. (2009). Perrin, William F.; Würsig, Bernd; Thewissen, J. G. M. (eds.). (2nd ed.). Burlington Ma.: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-373553-9. Archived from the original on 2009-11-09.
  11. ^ Salvadeo, CJ; Lluch-Belda, D; Gómez-Gallardo, A; Urbán-Ramírez, J; MacLeod, CD (2010-03-10). "Climate change and a poleward shift in the distribution of the Pacific white-sided dolphin in the northeastern Pacific". Endangered Species Research. 11: 13–19. doi:10.3354/esr00252. ISSN 1863-5407.
  12. ^ "PACIFIC WHITE-SIDED DOLPHIN (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens): North Pacific Stock" (PDF). NOAA Fisheries: 127–130. 2012 – via ResearchGate.
  13. ^ Black, N.A. (1994). Behavior and ecology of Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) in Monterey Bay, California. San Francisco State University.
  14. ^ Walker, W.A.; Leatherwood, S.; Goodrich, K.R.; Perrin, W.F.; Stroud, R.K. (1986). "Geographical variation and biology of the Pacific white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens, in the north-eastern Pacific". Research on Dolphins. 441: 465.
  15. ^ Dahlheim, M.E.; Towell, R.G. (1994). "Occurrence and Distribution of Pacific White-Sided Dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) in Southeastern Alaska, With Notes On an Attack by Killer Whales (Orcinus orca)". Marine Mammal Science. 10 (4): 458–464. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1994.tb00501.x.
  16. ^ Peter Klimley, A.; Ainley, David G. (3 April 1998). Great White Sharks: The Biology of Carcharodon carcharias. ISBN 9780080532608.
  17. ^ academic.oup.com https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-abstract/37/1/126/842408?redirectedFrom=fulltext. Retrieved 2022-12-31. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  18. ^ academic.oup.com https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-abstract/49/2/328/838807?redirectedFrom=fulltext. Retrieved 2022-12-31. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  19. ^ Henderson, E. Elizabeth; Hildebrand, John A.; Smith, Michael H. (July 2011). "Classification of behavior using vocalizations of Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens)". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 130 (1): 557–567. doi:10.1121/1.3592213. ISSN 0001-4966. PMID 21786921.
  20. ^ Soldevilla, M.S.; Henderson, E.E.; Campbell, G.S.; Wiggins, S.M.; Hildebrand, J.A.; Roch, M.A. (2008). "Classification of Risso's and pacific white-sided dolphins using spectral properties of echolocation clicks". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 124 (1): 609–24. Bibcode:2008ASAJ..124..609S. doi:10.1121/1.2932059. PMID 18647003. S2CID 14685920.
  21. ^ Henderson, E.E.; Hildebrand, J.A.; Smith, M.H. (2011). "Classification of behavior using vocalizations of pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens)". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 130 (1): 557–67. Bibcode:2011ASAJ..130..557H. doi:10.1121/1.3592213. PMID 21786921.
  22. ^ Soldevilla, M.S.; Wiggins, S.M.; Hildebrand, J.A. (2010). "Spatio-temporal comparison of pacific white-sided dolphin echolocation click types". Aquatic Biology. 9: 49–62. doi:10.3354/ab00224.
  23. ^ Commander Islands Nature and Biosphere Reserve. Тихоокеанский белобокий дельфин Sagmatias obliquidens Gill, 1865. Retrieved on August 24, 2017
  24. ^ Goley, Patricia Dawn (October 1999). "Behavioral Aspects of Sleep in Pacific White-Sided Dolphins (Lagenorhynchus Obliquidens, Gill 1865)1". Marine Mammal Science. 15 (4): 1054–1064. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1999.tb00877.x. ISSN 0824-0469.
  25. ^ Piercey, R. (2013). "Seasonal changes in the food intake of captive Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens)". Aquatic Mammals. 39 (3): 211–220. doi:10.1578/am.39.3.2013.211.
  26. ^ "Seasonal Resting Metabolic Rate and Food Intake of Captive Pacific White-Sided Dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens)".
  • van Waerebeek, Koen; Würsig, Bernd (2002-02-05). "Pacific White-sided Dolphin and Dusky Dolphin". In Perrin, William R; Wiirsig, Bernd; Thewissen, J G M (eds.). Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. pp. 859–60. ISBN 978-0-12-551340-1.
  • National Audubon Society: Guide to Marine Mammals of the World ISBN 0-375-41141-0

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pacific white-sided dolphin.
  • Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society
  • Voices in the Sea - Sounds of the Pacific white-sided Dolphin
  • Photos of Pacific white-sided dolphin on Sealife Collection

February 21, 2023
pacific, white, sided, dolphin, also, atlantic, white, sided, dolphin, lagenorhynchus, obliquidens, also, known, hookfin, porpoise, active, dolphin, found, cool, temperate, waters, north, pacific, ocean, size, compared, average, humanconservation, statusleast,. See also Atlantic white sided dolphin The Pacific white sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus obliquidens also known as the hookfin porpoise is an active dolphin found in the cool or temperate waters of the North Pacific Ocean 4 5 Pacific white sided dolphin 1 Size compared to an average humanConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 2 CITES Appendix II CITES 3 Scientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaOrder ArtiodactylaInfraorder CetaceaFamily DelphinidaeGenus LagenorhynchusSpecies L obliquidensBinomial nameLagenorhynchus obliquidens Gill 1865 Pacific white sided dolphin range Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Range and habitat 4 Behavior 5 Relation to humans 5 1 Protection 5 2 Captivity 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksTaxonomy EditThe Pacific white sided dolphin was named by Smithsonian mammalogist Theodore Nicholas Gill in 1865 It is morphologically similar to the dusky dolphin which is found in the South Pacific 6 Genetic analysis by Frank Cipriano suggests the two species diverged around two million years ago Though traditionally placed in the genus Lagenorhynchus molecular analyses indicate they are closer to dolphins of the genus Cephalorhynchus in the Lissodelphininae subfamily than to both the Atlantic white sided dolphin and the White beaked dolphin It has therefore been proposed to move the Pacific white sided dolphin to the resurrected genus Sagmatias together with other southern hemisphere Lagenorhyncus species hourglass dolphin Dusky dolphin and Peale s dolphin 7 However the detailed phylogenetic relationships within this group of dolphins is still not fully elucidated Description Edit Pacific white sided dolphin s brain at Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium The Pacific white sided dolphin has three colors The chin throat and belly are creamy white The beak flippers back and dorsal fin are a dark gray Light gray patches are seen on the sides and a further light gray stripe runs from above the eye to below the dorsal fin where it thickens along the tail stock A dark gray ring surrounds the eyes The species is an average sized oceanic dolphin Females weigh up to 150 kg 330 lb and males 200 kg 440 lb with males reaching 2 5 m 8 2 ft and females 2 3 m 7 5 ft in length Pacific white sided dolphins usually tend to be larger than dusky dolphins Females reach maturity at seven years From 1990 to 1991 a study conducted by Richard C Ferrero and William A Walker revealed the vast majority of Pacific white sided dolphins that fell victim to the drift nets were between the ages of 8 3 to 11 when they sexually matured 8 The gestation period usually last for one year Individuals are believed to live up 40 years or more 6 The Pacific white sided dolphin is extremely active and mixes with many of the other North Pacific cetacean species It readily approaches boats and bow rides Large groups are common averaging 90 individuals with supergroups of more than 300 Prey includes mainly hake anchovies squid herring salmon and cod 9 They have an average of 60 teeth 10 Range and habitat EditThe range of the Pacific white sided dolphin arcs across the cool to temperate waters of the North Pacific 6 11 12 Sightings go no further south than the South China Sea on the western side and the Baja California Peninsula on the eastern Populations may also be found in the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk In the northern part of the range some individuals may be found in the Bering Sea The dolphins appear to follow some sort of migratory pattern on the eastern side they are most abundant in the Southern California Bight in winter but further north Oregon Washington in summer Their preference for off shore deep waters appears to be year round 13 14 The only known predator of the Pacific white sided dolphin is the killer whale 15 but at least one case of predation by the Great White Shark has been recorded 16 The total population may be as many as 1 million 6 However the tendency of Pacific white sided dolphins to approach boats complicates precise estimates via sampling Behavior EditThese dolphins keep close company 17 White sided dolphins swim in groups of 10 to 100 and can often be seen bow riding and doing somersaults 6 18 Members form a close knit group and will often care for a sick or injured dolphin Animals that live in such big social groups develop ways to keep in touch with each dolphin identifying itself by a unique name whistle Staying close helps too Young dolphins communicate with a touch of a flipper as they swim beside adults Studies conducted on Pacific white sided dolphins as well as Risso s dolphin have revealed a multitude of things about how they communicate as a species which was revealed to be vastly different from bottlenose dolphins and common dolphins 19 The studies have revealed that their notches and spectral peaks happen to be more low pitched when juxtaposed with the bottlenose dolphins and common dolphins as mentioned earlier 20 Other studies have revealed similar behaviors Two studies conducted back in 2010 and 2011 revealed that the vocalizations of Pacific white sided dolphins can range differently only from their behavioral states indicating strong similarities between the acoustic and surface behavior for various foraging behaviors including the possibility of an undescribed subspecies The oceanographical data in the area can also effect the behavioral patterns of the dolphins The studies also revealed that the different types of echolocations do vary based on the geographical locations the first population of Pacific white sided dolphins that were observed inhabiting the waters near the Pacific United States seemed to more activity during the night while the second population of Pacific white sided dolphins that were also observed inhabiting areas near Baja California were observed to be more active during the day Some argue there are two major factors which are the cause of this sort of behavior the seasons and the dolphins search for prey 21 22 The first sighting of the species on Commander Islands involved a single dolphin to travel along with a pod of killer whales in 2013 23 Pacific white sided dolphins are known to sleep on average seven hours a night 24 Relation to humans Edit Left High jump during Pacific white sided dolphin show at the Vancouver AquariumRight Pacific white sided dolphin named Spinnaker at Vancouver Aquarium Protection Edit Until the United Nations banned certain types of large fishing nets in 1933 many Pacific white sided dolphins were killed in drift nets Some animals are still killed each year by Japanese hunting drives Captivity Edit Although overshadowed in popularity by bottlenose dolphins Pacific white sided dolphins are also a part of some marine theme park shows Roughly 100 reside in dolphinaria in North America and Japan In captivity they tend to consume less amounts of food when compared to their wild counterparts this could be the case due to the fact of temperatures changing in the water based on the seasons However the condition in which the dolphins lives most likely in an aquarium tank will impact how much energy is required for a captive dolphin to thrive in captivity Studies have also shown that the highest amount of food intake that a captive Pacific white sided dolphin displays in autumn when the dolphin increase their food intake as well as their body mass 25 26 See also Edit Cetaceans portal Mammals portal Marine life portalList of cetaceans Marine biologyReferences Edit Mead J G Brownell R L Jr 2005 Order Cetacea In Wilson D E Reeder D M eds Mammal Species of the World A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference 3rd ed Johns Hopkins University Press pp 723 743 ISBN 978 0 8018 8221 0 OCLC 62265494 Ashe E Braulik G 2018 Lagenorhynchus obliquidens IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 e T11145A50361866 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2018 2 RLTS T11145A50361866 en Retrieved 19 November 2021 Appendices CITES cites org Retrieved 2022 01 14 Pacific White Sided Dolphin NOAA Fisheries National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 19 October 2021 Retrieved 14 November 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Kenai Fjords National Park National Park Service Retrieved 17 November 2021 a b c d e Wursig Bernd Perrin William F Thewissen J Hans 2009 02 26 Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals Academic Press pp 817 818 ISBN 978 0 08 091993 5 Vollmer Nicole L et al January 31 2019 Taxonomic revision of the dolphin genus Lagenorhynchus Marine Mammal Science 35 3 957 1057 doi 10 1111 mms 12573 S2CID 92421374 Retrieved 2021 09 17 Ferrero R C Walker W A 1996 Age growth and reproductive patterns of the Pacific white sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus obliquidens taken in high seas drift nets in the central North Pacific Ocean Canadian Journal of Zoology 74 9 1673 1687 doi 10 1139 z96 185 Morton A January 2000 Occurrence Photo identification and Prey of Pacific White sided Dolphins Lagenorhyncus obliquidens in the Broughton Archipelago Canada 1984 1998 Marine Mammal Science 16 1 80 93 doi 10 1111 j 1748 7692 2000 tb00905 x Black Nancy A 2009 Perrin William F Wursig Bernd Thewissen J G M eds Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals 2nd ed Burlington Ma Academic Press ISBN 978 0 12 373553 9 Archived from the original on 2009 11 09 Salvadeo CJ Lluch Belda D Gomez Gallardo A Urban Ramirez J MacLeod CD 2010 03 10 Climate change and a poleward shift in the distribution of the Pacific white sided dolphin in the northeastern Pacific Endangered Species Research 11 13 19 doi 10 3354 esr00252 ISSN 1863 5407 PACIFIC WHITE SIDED DOLPHIN Lagenorhynchus obliquidens North Pacific Stock PDF NOAA Fisheries 127 130 2012 via ResearchGate Black N A 1994 Behavior and ecology of Pacific white sided dolphins Lagenorhynchus obliquidens in Monterey Bay California San Francisco State University Walker W A Leatherwood S Goodrich K R Perrin W F Stroud R K 1986 Geographical variation and biology of the Pacific white sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus obliquidens in the north eastern Pacific Research on Dolphins 441 465 Dahlheim M E Towell R G 1994 Occurrence and Distribution of Pacific White Sided Dolphins Lagenorhynchus obliquidens in Southeastern Alaska With Notes On an Attack by Killer Whales Orcinus orca Marine Mammal Science 10 4 458 464 doi 10 1111 j 1748 7692 1994 tb00501 x Peter Klimley A Ainley David G 3 April 1998 Great White Sharks The Biology of Carcharodon carcharias ISBN 9780080532608 academic oup com https academic oup com jmammal article abstract 37 1 126 842408 redirectedFrom fulltext Retrieved 2022 12 31 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Missing or empty title help academic oup com https academic oup com jmammal article abstract 49 2 328 838807 redirectedFrom fulltext Retrieved 2022 12 31 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Missing or empty title help Henderson E Elizabeth Hildebrand John A Smith Michael H July 2011 Classification of behavior using vocalizations of Pacific white sided dolphins Lagenorhynchus obliquidens The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 130 1 557 567 doi 10 1121 1 3592213 ISSN 0001 4966 PMID 21786921 Soldevilla M S Henderson E E Campbell G S Wiggins S M Hildebrand J A Roch M A 2008 Classification of Risso s and pacific white sided dolphins using spectral properties of echolocation clicks The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 124 1 609 24 Bibcode 2008ASAJ 124 609S doi 10 1121 1 2932059 PMID 18647003 S2CID 14685920 Henderson E E Hildebrand J A Smith M H 2011 Classification of behavior using vocalizations of pacific white sided dolphins Lagenorhynchus obliquidens The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 130 1 557 67 Bibcode 2011ASAJ 130 557H doi 10 1121 1 3592213 PMID 21786921 Soldevilla M S Wiggins S M Hildebrand J A 2010 Spatio temporal comparison of pacific white sided dolphin echolocation click types Aquatic Biology 9 49 62 doi 10 3354 ab00224 Commander Islands Nature and Biosphere Reserve Tihookeanskij belobokij delfin Sagmatias obliquidens Gill 1865 Retrieved on August 24 2017 Goley Patricia Dawn October 1999 Behavioral Aspects of Sleep in Pacific White Sided Dolphins Lagenorhynchus Obliquidens Gill 1865 1 Marine Mammal Science 15 4 1054 1064 doi 10 1111 j 1748 7692 1999 tb00877 x ISSN 0824 0469 Piercey R 2013 Seasonal changes in the food intake of captive Pacific white sided dolphins Lagenorhynchus obliquidens Aquatic Mammals 39 3 211 220 doi 10 1578 am 39 3 2013 211 Seasonal Resting Metabolic Rate and Food Intake of Captive Pacific White Sided Dolphins Lagenorhynchus obliquidens van Waerebeek Koen Wursig Bernd 2002 02 05 Pacific White sided Dolphin and Dusky Dolphin In Perrin William R Wiirsig Bernd Thewissen J G M eds Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals pp 859 60 ISBN 978 0 12 551340 1 National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World ISBN 0 375 41141 0External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pacific white sided dolphin Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society Voices in the Sea Sounds of the Pacific white sided Dolphin Photos of Pacific white sided dolphin on Sealife Collection Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pacific white sided dolphin amp oldid 1138413989, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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