fbpx
Wikipedia

Swamp

March 02, 2023

"Swampland" redirects here. For the theoretical-physics concept, see Swampland (physics). For other uses, see Swamp (disambiguation).

A swamp is a forested wetland.[1] Swamps are considered to be transition zones because both land and water play a role in creating this environment.[2] Swamps vary in size and are located all around the world. The water of a swamp may be fresh water, brackish water, or seawater. Freshwater swamps form along large rivers or lakes where they are critically dependent upon rainwater and seasonal flooding to maintain natural water level fluctuations.[2][3] Saltwater swamps are found along tropical and subtropical coastlines.[4] Some swamps have hammocks, or dry-land protrusions, covered by aquatic vegetation, or vegetation that tolerates periodic inundation[5] or soil saturation. The two main types of swamp are "true" or swamp forests and "transitional" or shrub swamps. In the boreal regions of Canada, the word swamp is colloquially used for what is more formally termed a bog, fen, or muskeg. Some of the world's largest swamps are found along major rivers such as the Amazon, the Mississippi, and the Congo.[6]

A freshwater swamp in Florida, United States

Differences between marshes and swamps

 
Difference between swamp and marsh

Swamps and marshes are specific types of wetlands that form along waterbodies containing rich, hydric soils.[7] Marshes are wetlands, continually or frequently flooded by nearby running bodies of water, that are dominated by emergent soft-stem vegetation and herbaceous plants. Swamps are wetlands consisting of saturated soils or standing water and are dominated by water-tolerant woody vegetation such as shrubs, bushes, and trees.[8][4]

Hydrology

Swamps are characterized by their saturated soils and slow-moving waters.[8] The water that accumulates in swamps comes from a variety of sources including precipitation, groundwater, tides and/or freshwater flooding.[4] These hydrologic pathways all contribute to how energy and nutrients flow in and out of the ecosystem. As water flows through the swamp, nutrients, sediment and pollutants are naturally filtered out. Chemicals like phosphorus and nitrogen that end up in waterways get absorbed and used by the aquatic plants within the swamp, purifying the water. Any remaining or excess chemicals present will accumulate at the bottom of the swamp, being removed from the water and buried within the sediment.[2] The biogeochemical environment of a swamp is dependent on its hydrology, affecting the levels and availability of resources like oxygen, nutrients, water pH and toxicity, which will influence the whole ecosystem.[4]

Values and ecosystem services

Swamps and other wetlands have traditionally held a very low property value compared to fields, prairies, or woodlands. They have a reputation for being unproductive land that cannot easily be utilized for human activities, other than hunting, trapping, or fishing. Farmers, for example, typically drained swamps next to their fields so as to gain more land usable for planting crops, both historically, and to a lesser extent, presently. On the other hand, swamps can (and do) play a beneficial ecological role in the overall functions of the natural environment and provide a variety of resources that many species depend on. Swamps and other wetlands have shown to be a natural form of flood management and defense against flooding. In such circumstances where flooding does occur, swamps absorb and use the excess water within the wetland, preventing it from traveling and flooding surrounding areas.[2] Dense vegetation within the swamp also provides soil stability to the land, holding soils and sediment in place whilst preventing erosion and land loss. Swamps are an abundant and valuable source of fresh water and oxygen for all life, and they are often breeding grounds for a wide variety of species. Floodplain swamps are an important resource in the production and distribution of fish.[10] Two thirds of global fish and shellfish are commercially harvested and dependent on wetlands.[2]

Impacts and conservation

Historically, humans have been known to drain and/or fill swamps and other wetlands in order to create more space for human development and to reduce the threat of diseases borne by swamp insects. Wetlands are removed and replaced with land that is then used for things like agriculture, real estate, and recreational uses. Many swamps have also undergone intensive logging and farming, requiring the construction of drainage ditches and canals. These ditches and canals contributed to drainage and, along the coast, allowed salt water to intrude, converting swamps to marsh or even to open water.[1] Large areas of swamp were therefore lost or degraded. Louisiana provides a classic example of wetland loss from these combined factors.[11] Europe has probably lost nearly half its wetlands.[12] New Zealand lost 90 percent of its wetlands over a period of 150 years.[13] Ecologists recognize that swamps provide ecological services including flood control, fish production, water purification, carbon storage, and wildlife habitats.[1] In many parts of the world authorities protect swamps. In parts of Europe and North America, swamp restoration projects are becoming widespread.[3][14] The United States government began enforcing stricter laws and management programs in the 1970s in efforts to protect and restore these ecosystems.[2] Often the simplest steps to restoring swamps involve plugging drainage ditches and removing levees.[1]

Conservationists work to preserve swamps such as those in northwest Indiana in the United States Midwest that were preserved as part of the Indiana Dunes.[15][16][17]

Notable examples

Swamps can be found on all continents except Antarctica.[18]

The largest swamp in the world is the Amazon River floodplain, which is particularly significant for its large number of fish and tree species.[19][20][21]

Africa

The Sudd and the Okavango Delta[22][23] are Africa's best known marshland areas. The Bangweulu Floodplains make up Africa's largest swamp.

Asia

 
Marsh Arabs poling a mashoof

The Mesopotamian Marshes[24] is a large swamp and river system in southern Iraq, traditionally inhabited in part by the Marsh Arabs.

In Asia, tropical peat swamps are located in mainland East Asia and Southeast Asia. In Southeast Asia, peatlands are mainly found in low altitude coastal and sub-coastal areas and extend inland for distance more than 100 km (62 mi) along river valleys and across watersheds. They are mostly to be found on the coasts of East Sumatra, Kalimantan (Central, East, South and West Kalimantan provinces), West Papua, Papua New Guinea, Brunei, Peninsular Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, Southeast Thailand, and the Philippines (Riley et al.,1996). Indonesia has the largest area of tropical peatland. Of the total 440,000 km2 (170,000 sq mi) tropical peat swamp, about 210,000 km2 (81,000 sq mi) are located in Indonesia (Page, 2001; Wahyunto, 2006).

The Vasyugan Swamp is a large swamp in the western Siberia area of the Russian Federation. This is one of the largest swamps in the world, covering an area larger than Switzerland.

North America

 
Swamp in southern Louisiana

The Atchafalaya Swamp at the lower end of the Mississippi River is the largest swamp in the United States. It is an important example of southern cypress swamp[25] but it has been greatly altered by logging, drainage and levee construction.[26] Other famous swamps in the United States are the forested portions of the Everglades, Okefenokee Swamp, Barley Barber Swamp, Great Cypress Swamp and the Great Dismal Swamp. The Okefenokee is located in extreme southeastern Georgia and extends slightly into northeastern Florida. The Great Cypress Swamp is mostly in Delaware but extends into Maryland on the Delmarva Peninsula. Point Lookout State Park on the southern tip of Maryland contains a large amount of swamps and marshes. The Great Dismal Swamp lies in extreme southeastern Virginia and extreme northeastern North Carolina. Both are National Wildlife Refuges. Another swamp area, Reelfoot Lake of extreme western Tennessee and Kentucky, was created by the 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes. Caddo Lake, the Great Dismal and Reelfoot are swamps that are centered at large lakes. Swamps are often associated with bayous in the southeastern United States, especially in the Gulf Coast region. A baygall is a type of swamp found in the forest of the Gulf Coast states in the USA.[27][28][29]

List of major swamps

 
A small swamp in Padstow, New South Wales, Australia
 
Inside a mangrove canopy, Salt Pan Creek, New South Wales

The world's largest wetlands include significant areas of swamp, such as in the Amazon and Congo River basins.[21] Further north, however, the largest wetlands are bogs.

Africa

Asia

Australia

Europe

 
A black alder swamp in Germany

North America

South America

 
Pantanal in Brazil

See also

  • Aquatic plant – Plant that has adapted to living in an aquatic environment
  • Bayou – French term for a body of water typically found in flat, low-lying area
  • Bog – Type of wetland that accumulates peat due to incomplete decomposition of plant matter
  • Coniferous swamp
  • Fen – Type of wetland fed by mineral-rich ground or surface water
  • Freshwater swamp forest – Forest growing on an alluvial zone
  • Hydrogen sulfide – Poisonous, corrosive and flammable gas
  • Marsh – Wetland that is dominated by herbaceous rather than woody plant species
  • Marsh gas – gas produced naturally within marshes, swamps and bogs
  • Muck – Soil type
  • Peat – Accumulation of partially decayed vegetation
  • Peat swamp forest – Tropical moist forests where waterlogged soil prevents dead leaves and wood from fully decomposing
  • Salt marsh – Coastal ecosystem between land and open saltwater that is regularly flooded
  • Shrub swamp – type of wetland ecosystem
  • Slough (hydrology) – Type of wetland
  • Wetland – Land area that is permanently, or seasonally saturated with water
  • Will-o'-the-wisp – Atmospheric ghost lights

References

  1. ^ a b c d Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 497 p.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Society, National Geographic (2011-01-21). "swamp". National Geographic Society. Retrieved 2019-09-26.
  3. ^ a b Hughes, F.M.R. (ed.). 2003. The Flooded Forest: Guidance for policy makers and river managers in Europe on the restoration of floodplain forests. FLOBAR2, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. 96 p.
  4. ^ a b c d Mitsch, W.J., & Gosselink, J.G.(2015). Wetlands. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  5. ^ Swamp 2007-06-10 at the Wayback Machine (from glossary web page of the United States Geological Survey)
  6. ^ Keddy, P.A., L.H. Fraser, A.I. Solomeshch, W.J. Junk, D.R. Campbell, M.T.K. Arroyo and C.J.R. Alho. 2009. Wet and wonderful: the world's largest wetlands are conservation priorities. BioScience 59: 39–51.
  7. ^ "Swamps". Nature Works- New Hampshire PBS.
  8. ^ a b "Classification and Types of Wetlands". EPA. 9 April 2015.
  9. ^ "Linnaistensuo Mire". Visit Lahti. Lahti Region. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  10. ^ Lowe-McConnell, R. H. (1975). Fish Communities in Tropical Fresh waters: Their Distribution, Ecology and Evolution. London: Long man
  11. ^ Keddy, P.A., D. Campbell, T. McFalls, G. Shaffer, R. Moreau, C. Dranguet, and R. Heleniak. 2007. The wetlands of lakes Pontchartrain and Maurepas: past, present and future. Environmental Reviews 15: 1- 35.
  12. ^ Dugan, P. (ed.) 2005. Guide to Wetlands. Buffalo, New York. Firefly Books. 304 p.
  13. ^ Peters, M. and Clarkson, B. 2010. Wetland Restoration: A Handbook for New Zealand Freshwater Systems. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, N.Z. ISBN 978-0-478-34707-4 (online)
  14. ^ Environment Canada. 2004. How Much Habitat is Enough? A Framework for Guiding Habitat Rehabilitation in Great Lakes Areas of Concern. 2nd ed. 81 p.
  15. ^ Smith, S. & Mark, S. (2006). Alice Gray, Dorothy Buell, and Naomi Svihla: Preservationists of Ogden Dunes. The South Shore Journal, 1. . Archived from the original on 2012-09-13. Retrieved 2012-06-11.
  16. ^ Smith, S. & Mark, S. (2009). The Historical Roots of the Nature Conservancy in the Northwest Indiana/Chicagoland Region: From Science to Preservation. The South Shore Journal, 3. . Archived from the original on 2016-01-01. Retrieved 2015-11-22.
  17. ^ Smith, S. & Mark, S. (2007). The cultural impact of a museum in a small community: The Hour Glass of Ogden Dunes. The South Shore Journal, 2. . Archived from the original on 2012-11-30. Retrieved 2012-06-11.
  18. ^ Hunter, Malcolm L. (1999). Maintaining Biodiversity in Forest Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press. p. 325. ISBN 978-0521637688.
  19. ^ Goulding, M. (1980). The Fishes and the Forest: Explorations in Amazonian Natural History. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  20. ^ Lowe-McConnell, R. H. (1975). Fish Communities in Tropical Freshwaters: Their Distribution, Ecology and Evolution. London: Longman
  21. ^ a b L.H. Fraser and P.A. Keddy (eds.). 2005. The World's Largest Wetlands: Ecology and Conservation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 488 p.
  22. ^ a b Main, Douglas (2013-11-26). "Photos: The Biggest Lions on Earth". Live Science. Retrieved 2018-04-18.
  23. ^ a b "Lions of the Okavango". Siyabona Africa. Retrieved 2018-04-18.
  24. ^ Daoudy, Marwa (2005). Le Partage des Eaux entre la Syrie, l'Irak et la Turquie (in French). CNRS. pp. 1–269. ISBN 2-271-06290-X. Retrieved 2016-04-06.
  25. ^ Conner, W. H. and Buford, M. A. (1998). Southern deepwater swamps. In Southern Forested Wetlands: Ecology and Management, eds. M. G. Messina and W. H. Conner, pp. 261–87. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers.
  26. ^ Reuss, M. (1998). Designing the Bayous: The Control of Water in the Atchafalaya Basin 1800–1995. Alexandria, VA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Office of History.
  27. ^ Watson, Geraldine Ellis (2006) Big Thicket Plant Ecology: An Introduction, Third Edition (Temple Big Thicket Series #5). University of North Texas Press. Denton, Texas. 152 pp. ISBN 978-1574412147
  28. ^ Natural Communities of Louisiana: Bayhead Swamp/Forested Seep. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  29. ^ Texas Parks and Wildlife. Ecological Mapping systems of Texas: West Gulf Coastal Plain Seepage Swamp and Baygall. Retrieved 7 July 2020
  30. ^ "India wild tiger census shows population rise". BBC News. 28 March 2011. Retrieved 2011-02-08.
  31. ^ Price, C., & Kelly, A. (2011). National Wetlands Update 2011 (No. 19; Annual Update for Australia’s Wetland Community, p. 56). Australian Government. https://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/766781bf-a9d9-4c04-8a96-77bccd2e0426/files/wa-19.pdf
  32. ^ Nowell, K.; Jackson, P., eds. (1996). "Panthera Onca". Wild Cats. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan (PDF). Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. IUCN. pp. 118–302. Retrieved 2015-09-07.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Swamps.

March 02, 2023
swamp, land, redirects, here, theoretical, physics, concept, land, physics, other, uses, disambiguation, swamp, forested, wetland, considered, transition, zones, because, both, land, water, play, role, creating, this, environment, vary, size, located, around, . Swampland redirects here For the theoretical physics concept see Swampland physics For other uses see Swamp disambiguation A swamp is a forested wetland 1 Swamps are considered to be transition zones because both land and water play a role in creating this environment 2 Swamps vary in size and are located all around the world The water of a swamp may be fresh water brackish water or seawater Freshwater swamps form along large rivers or lakes where they are critically dependent upon rainwater and seasonal flooding to maintain natural water level fluctuations 2 3 Saltwater swamps are found along tropical and subtropical coastlines 4 Some swamps have hammocks or dry land protrusions covered by aquatic vegetation or vegetation that tolerates periodic inundation 5 or soil saturation The two main types of swamp are true or swamp forests and transitional or shrub swamps In the boreal regions of Canada the word swamp is colloquially used for what is more formally termed a bog fen or muskeg Some of the world s largest swamps are found along major rivers such as the Amazon the Mississippi and the Congo 6 A freshwater swamp in Florida United States Contents 1 Differences between marshes and swamps 2 Hydrology 3 Values and ecosystem services 4 Impacts and conservation 5 Notable examples 5 1 Africa 5 2 Asia 5 3 North America 6 List of major swamps 6 1 Africa 6 2 Asia 6 3 Australia 6 4 Europe 6 5 North America 6 6 South America 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksDifferences between marshes and swamps Edit Difference between swamp and marsh Swamps and marshes are specific types of wetlands that form along waterbodies containing rich hydric soils 7 Marshes are wetlands continually or frequently flooded by nearby running bodies of water that are dominated by emergent soft stem vegetation and herbaceous plants Swamps are wetlands consisting of saturated soils or standing water and are dominated by water tolerant woody vegetation such as shrubs bushes and trees 8 4 Hydrology EditSwamps are characterized by their saturated soils and slow moving waters 8 The water that accumulates in swamps comes from a variety of sources including precipitation groundwater tides and or freshwater flooding 4 These hydrologic pathways all contribute to how energy and nutrients flow in and out of the ecosystem As water flows through the swamp nutrients sediment and pollutants are naturally filtered out Chemicals like phosphorus and nitrogen that end up in waterways get absorbed and used by the aquatic plants within the swamp purifying the water Any remaining or excess chemicals present will accumulate at the bottom of the swamp being removed from the water and buried within the sediment 2 The biogeochemical environment of a swamp is dependent on its hydrology affecting the levels and availability of resources like oxygen nutrients water pH and toxicity which will influence the whole ecosystem 4 Values and ecosystem services Edit The Linnaistensuo Mire a nature reserve swamp in Lahti Finland 9 Swamps and other wetlands have traditionally held a very low property value compared to fields prairies or woodlands They have a reputation for being unproductive land that cannot easily be utilized for human activities other than hunting trapping or fishing Farmers for example typically drained swamps next to their fields so as to gain more land usable for planting crops both historically and to a lesser extent presently On the other hand swamps can and do play a beneficial ecological role in the overall functions of the natural environment and provide a variety of resources that many species depend on Swamps and other wetlands have shown to be a natural form of flood management and defense against flooding In such circumstances where flooding does occur swamps absorb and use the excess water within the wetland preventing it from traveling and flooding surrounding areas 2 Dense vegetation within the swamp also provides soil stability to the land holding soils and sediment in place whilst preventing erosion and land loss Swamps are an abundant and valuable source of fresh water and oxygen for all life and they are often breeding grounds for a wide variety of species Floodplain swamps are an important resource in the production and distribution of fish 10 Two thirds of global fish and shellfish are commercially harvested and dependent on wetlands 2 Impacts and conservation EditHistorically humans have been known to drain and or fill swamps and other wetlands in order to create more space for human development and to reduce the threat of diseases borne by swamp insects Wetlands are removed and replaced with land that is then used for things like agriculture real estate and recreational uses Many swamps have also undergone intensive logging and farming requiring the construction of drainage ditches and canals These ditches and canals contributed to drainage and along the coast allowed salt water to intrude converting swamps to marsh or even to open water 1 Large areas of swamp were therefore lost or degraded Louisiana provides a classic example of wetland loss from these combined factors 11 Europe has probably lost nearly half its wetlands 12 New Zealand lost 90 percent of its wetlands over a period of 150 years 13 Ecologists recognize that swamps provide ecological services including flood control fish production water purification carbon storage and wildlife habitats 1 In many parts of the world authorities protect swamps In parts of Europe and North America swamp restoration projects are becoming widespread 3 14 The United States government began enforcing stricter laws and management programs in the 1970s in efforts to protect and restore these ecosystems 2 Often the simplest steps to restoring swamps involve plugging drainage ditches and removing levees 1 Conservationists work to preserve swamps such as those in northwest Indiana in the United States Midwest that were preserved as part of the Indiana Dunes 15 16 17 Notable examples EditSwamps can be found on all continents except Antarctica 18 The largest swamp in the world is the Amazon River floodplain which is particularly significant for its large number of fish and tree species 19 20 21 Africa Edit The Sudd and the Okavango Delta 22 23 are Africa s best known marshland areas The Bangweulu Floodplains make up Africa s largest swamp Asia Edit Marsh Arabs poling a mashoof The Mesopotamian Marshes 24 is a large swamp and river system in southern Iraq traditionally inhabited in part by the Marsh Arabs In Asia tropical peat swamps are located in mainland East Asia and Southeast Asia In Southeast Asia peatlands are mainly found in low altitude coastal and sub coastal areas and extend inland for distance more than 100 km 62 mi along river valleys and across watersheds They are mostly to be found on the coasts of East Sumatra Kalimantan Central East South and West Kalimantan provinces West Papua Papua New Guinea Brunei Peninsular Malaya Sabah Sarawak Southeast Thailand and the Philippines Riley et al 1996 Indonesia has the largest area of tropical peatland Of the total 440 000 km2 170 000 sq mi tropical peat swamp about 210 000 km2 81 000 sq mi are located in Indonesia Page 2001 Wahyunto 2006 The Vasyugan Swamp is a large swamp in the western Siberia area of the Russian Federation This is one of the largest swamps in the world covering an area larger than Switzerland North America Edit Swamp in southern Louisiana The Atchafalaya Swamp at the lower end of the Mississippi River is the largest swamp in the United States It is an important example of southern cypress swamp 25 but it has been greatly altered by logging drainage and levee construction 26 Other famous swamps in the United States are the forested portions of the Everglades Okefenokee Swamp Barley Barber Swamp Great Cypress Swamp and the Great Dismal Swamp The Okefenokee is located in extreme southeastern Georgia and extends slightly into northeastern Florida The Great Cypress Swamp is mostly in Delaware but extends into Maryland on the Delmarva Peninsula Point Lookout State Park on the southern tip of Maryland contains a large amount of swamps and marshes The Great Dismal Swamp lies in extreme southeastern Virginia and extreme northeastern North Carolina Both are National Wildlife Refuges Another swamp area Reelfoot Lake of extreme western Tennessee and Kentucky was created by the 1811 12 New Madrid earthquakes Caddo Lake the Great Dismal and Reelfoot are swamps that are centered at large lakes Swamps are often associated with bayous in the southeastern United States especially in the Gulf Coast region A baygall is a type of swamp found in the forest of the Gulf Coast states in the USA 27 28 29 List of major swamps Edit A small swamp in Padstow New South Wales Australia Inside a mangrove canopy Salt Pan Creek New South Wales The world s largest wetlands include significant areas of swamp such as in the Amazon and Congo River basins 21 Further north however the largest wetlands are bogs Africa Edit Bangweulu Swamps Zambia Mare aux Songes Mauritius Niger Delta Nigeria Okavango Swamp Botswana 22 23 Sudd South SudanAsia Edit Asmat Swamp Indonesia Candaba Swamp in Apalit and Candaba Pampanga and Pulilan Bulacan Philippines Mangrove Swamp in Karachi Pakistan Myristica Swamp in Western Ghats India Ratargul Swamp Forest in Sylhet Bangladesh Sundarbans in India and Bangladesh 30 Vasyugan Swamp Russia Negombo Swamp Sri LankaAustralia Edit Banksia Swamp Victoria Australia Becher Point Wetlands Western Australia Burraga Swamp New South Wales Australia Coomonderry Swamp 31 Coastal Swamp Oak Forest Queensland New South Wales Australia Coastal Upland Swamps New South Wales Australia Cumbung Swamp New South Wales Australia Fivebough and Tuckerbil Swamps New South Wales Australia Koo Wee Rup Swamp Victoria Australia Noosa Everglades Queensland Australia Toolibin Lake Western Australia West Melbourne Swamp Victoria AustraliaEurope Edit A black alder swamp in Germany Pripyat Marshes Belarus Sur SlovakiaNorth America Edit Atchafalaya National Wildlife Refuge Louisiana United States Big Cypress National Preserve Florida United States Barley Barber Swamp Florida United States Cache River Illinois United States Caddo Lake Texas Louisiana United States Cibuco Swamp Puerto Rico Congaree Swamp South Carolina United States Everglades Florida United States First Landing State Park Virginia United States Grand Kankakee Marsh Indiana United States Great Black Swamp Indiana Ohio United States Great Cypress Swamp Delaware and Maryland United States also known as Great Pocomoke Swamp Great Dismal Swamp North Carolina Virginia United States Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge New Jersey United States Green Swamp Florida United States Green Swamp North Carolina United States Honey Island Swamp Louisiana United States Hudson Bay Lowlands Ontario Canada Limberlost Indiana United States Louisiana swamplands Louisiana United States Mingo National Wildlife Refuge Puxico Missouri United States Okefenokee Swamp Georgia Florida United States Pantanos de Centla Tabasco Campeche Mexico Reelfoot Lake Tennessee Kentucky United States Texas Swamplands Texas United States Tortuguero National Park Limon Costa RicaWashington District of Columbia United StatesSouth America Edit Pantanal in Brazil Caribbean Lowlands Colombia Esteros del Ibera Argentina Lahuen Nadi Chile Pantanal 32 Brazil Bolivia and Paraguay Parana Delta ArgentinaSee also EditAquatic plant Plant that has adapted to living in an aquatic environment Bayou French term for a body of water typically found in flat low lying area Bog Type of wetland that accumulates peat due to incomplete decomposition of plant matter Coniferous swamp Fen Type of wetland fed by mineral rich ground or surface water Freshwater swamp forest Forest growing on an alluvial zone Hydrogen sulfide Poisonous corrosive and flammable gas Marsh Wetland that is dominated by herbaceous rather than woody plant species Marsh gas gas produced naturally within marshes swamps and bogsPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback Muck Soil typePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Peat Accumulation of partially decayed vegetation Peat swamp forest Tropical moist forests where waterlogged soil prevents dead leaves and wood from fully decomposing Salt marsh Coastal ecosystem between land and open saltwater that is regularly flooded Shrub swamp type of wetland ecosystemPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback Slough hydrology Type of wetland Wetland Land area that is permanently or seasonally saturated with water Will o the wisp Atmospheric ghost lightsReferences Edit a b c d Keddy P A 2010 Wetland Ecology Principles and Conservation 2nd edition Cambridge University Press Cambridge UK 497 p a b c d e f Society National Geographic 2011 01 21 swamp National Geographic Society Retrieved 2019 09 26 a b Hughes F M R ed 2003 The Flooded Forest Guidance for policy makers and river managers in Europe on the restoration of floodplain forests FLOBAR2 Department of Geography University of Cambridge Cambridge UK 96 p a b c d Mitsch W J amp Gosselink J G 2015 Wetlands Hoboken NJ John Wiley amp Sons Inc Swamp Archived 2007 06 10 at the Wayback Machine from glossary web page of the United States Geological Survey Keddy P A L H Fraser A I Solomeshch W J Junk D R Campbell M T K Arroyo and C J R Alho 2009 Wet and wonderful the world s largest wetlands are conservation priorities BioScience 59 39 51 Swamps Nature Works New Hampshire PBS a b Classification and Types of Wetlands EPA 9 April 2015 Linnaistensuo Mire Visit Lahti Lahti Region Retrieved 18 November 2020 Lowe McConnell R H 1975 Fish Communities in Tropical Fresh waters Their Distribution Ecology and Evolution London Long man Keddy P A D Campbell T McFalls G Shaffer R Moreau C Dranguet and R Heleniak 2007 The wetlands of lakes Pontchartrain and Maurepas past present and future Environmental Reviews 15 1 35 Dugan P ed 2005 Guide to Wetlands Buffalo New York Firefly Books 304 p Peters M and Clarkson B 2010 Wetland Restoration A Handbook for New Zealand Freshwater Systems Manaaki Whenua Press Lincoln N Z ISBN 978 0 478 34707 4 online Environment Canada 2004 How Much Habitat is Enough A Framework for Guiding Habitat Rehabilitation in Great Lakes Areas of Concern 2nd ed 81 p Smith S amp Mark S 2006 Alice Gray Dorothy Buell and Naomi Svihla Preservationists of Ogden Dunes The South Shore Journal 1 South Shore Journal Alice Gray Dorothy Buell and Naomi Svihla Preservationists of Ogden Dunes Archived from the original on 2012 09 13 Retrieved 2012 06 11 Smith S amp Mark S 2009 The Historical Roots of the Nature Conservancy in the Northwest Indiana Chicagoland Region From Science to Preservation The South Shore Journal 3 South Shore Journal the Historical Roots of the Nature Conservancy in the Northwest Indiana Chicagoland Region From Science to Preservation Archived from the original on 2016 01 01 Retrieved 2015 11 22 Smith S amp Mark S 2007 The cultural impact of a museum in a small community The Hour Glass of Ogden Dunes The South Shore Journal 2 South Shore Journal the Cultural Impact of a Museum in a Small Community The Hour Glass in Ogden Dunes Archived from the original on 2012 11 30 Retrieved 2012 06 11 Hunter Malcolm L 1999 Maintaining Biodiversity in Forest Ecosystems Cambridge University Press p 325 ISBN 978 0521637688 Goulding M 1980 The Fishes and the Forest Explorations in Amazonian Natural History Berkeley CA University of California Press Lowe McConnell R H 1975 Fish Communities in Tropical Freshwaters Their Distribution Ecology and Evolution London Longman a b L H Fraser and P A Keddy eds 2005 The World s Largest Wetlands Ecology and Conservation Cambridge University Press Cambridge UK 488 p a b Main Douglas 2013 11 26 Photos The Biggest Lions on Earth Live Science Retrieved 2018 04 18 a b Lions of the Okavango Siyabona Africa Retrieved 2018 04 18 Daoudy Marwa 2005 Le Partage des Eaux entre la Syrie l Irak et la Turquie in French CNRS pp 1 269 ISBN 2 271 06290 X Retrieved 2016 04 06 Conner W H and Buford M A 1998 Southern deepwater swamps In Southern Forested Wetlands Ecology and Management eds M G Messina and W H Conner pp 261 87 Boca Raton FL Lewis Publishers Reuss M 1998 Designing the Bayous The Control of Water in the Atchafalaya Basin 1800 1995 Alexandria VA U S Army Corps of Engineers Office of History Watson Geraldine Ellis 2006 Big Thicket Plant Ecology An Introduction Third Edition Temple Big Thicket Series 5 University of North Texas Press Denton Texas 152 pp ISBN 978 1574412147 Natural Communities of Louisiana Bayhead Swamp Forested Seep Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Retrieved 7 July 2020 Texas Parks and Wildlife Ecological Mapping systems of Texas West Gulf Coastal Plain Seepage Swamp and Baygall Retrieved 7 July 2020 India wild tiger census shows population rise BBC News 28 March 2011 Retrieved 2011 02 08 Price C amp Kelly A 2011 National Wetlands Update 2011 No 19 Annual Update for Australia s Wetland Community p 56 Australian Government https www environment gov au system files resources 766781bf a9d9 4c04 8a96 77bccd2e0426 files wa 19 pdf Nowell K Jackson P eds 1996 Panthera Onca Wild Cats Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan PDF Gland Switzerland IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group IUCN pp 118 302 Retrieved 2015 09 07 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Swamps Swamp New International Encyclopedia 1905 Portal Wetlands Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Swamp amp oldid 1139683241, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.