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Osvaldo Gnocchi-Viani

April 21, 2024

Osvaldo Gnocchi-Viani (26 August 1837 – 8 January 1917) was an Italian journalist and a member of the First International. Later he entered mainstream democratic politics as a Socialist. He is known for his work in introducing chambers of labor into Italy.

Osvaldo Gnocchi-Viani
Born(1837-08-26)26 August 1837
Ostiglia, Mantua, Austrian Empire
Died8 January 1917(1917-01-08) (aged 79)
Milan, Italy
NationalityMilanese, Italian
Occupation(s)Journalist, politician
Known forChambers of labor

Early years edit

Osvaldo Gnocchi-Viani was born in Ostiglia, Mantua, Austrian Empire on August 26, 1837. His parents were Giuseppe Gnocchi and Teresa Viani. He attended secondary school in Mantua, then was admitted to the faculty of law at the University of Padua. In 1859 he joined Giuseppe Mazzini's movement for Italian unification. He was prosecuted for taking part in an anti-Austrian demonstration and took refuge in Pavia, where he obtained a degree in law in March 1861.[1]

Gnocchi-Viani became a journalist, and worked for the Mazzini papers L'Unità italiana (Italian Unity) and IlDovere di Genova (The Duty of Genoa). In 1863 he moved to Genoa. Between 1868 and 1870 he took over direction of IlDovere di Genova. Gnocchi-Viani's 1870 pamphlet Dal Concilio a Dio showed his growing independence from Mazzini's philosophical and religious views, and his adherence to materialistic concepts. In October 1870 he volunteered for the campaign in Vosges, France, as an officer in Giuseppe Garibaldi's forces.[1]

First International edit

Gnocchi-Viani became disillusioned with Mazzini when the latter would not support the Paris Commune, and disagreed with Mazzini's belief in cooperation between social classes.[2] He became increasingly sympathetic with the International Workingmen's Association (IWA - often called the First International). In the summer of 1871 he settled in Rome, working as a proofreader at the Rechiedei printing house. He organized the 12th Workers' Congress, held in Rome in November 1871.[1] In 1872 he founded the Workers' League of Crafts and Trades, affiliated to the IWA, and became the first secretary.[2] In Rome in 1872 he worked with Tito Zanardelli in organization and in international propaganda.[3]

In March 1873 Gnocchi-Viani made demands on behalf of the masons to the government of Rome. On 15 May 1873 the authorities arrested him and other IWA members, charging them with conspiracy against the security of the state. He was released on 8 August 1873. He found that the anarchists had taken control of the Roman IWA section, and decided to join the anti-Bakunin faction. In November 1876, he moved to Milan at the invitation of Enrico Bignami, director of La Plebe.[1] That year he and other evolutionist Socialists who wrote for La Plebe founded the Northern Italian Federation of the International, an organization that believed in using legal means and was opposed to anarchists and insurrectionists.[2] In his belief in gaining political power through elections he was at odds with anarchists such as Errico Malatesta, who said, "Gnocchi Viani cannot ignore that logic imposes other methods of struggle to those who want to abolish political power instead of occupying it."[4]

Later career edit

Gnocchi-Viani believed that history had to be seen as more than just a chronicle of events, but also as an account of ideas, schools, theories and doctrines.[5] He was in favor of formation of labor unions and the right to strike. He was opposed to the middle-classes taking too active a role in the workers' movement.[2] He believed that socialism should not just eliminate exploitation of man by man, but should seek broader goals, eliminating all forms of injustice. In this he disagreed with Karl Marx.[6] Gnocchi-Viani criticized the Second International (1889–1916) and defended democracy as being essential to socialism.[7]

Gnocchi-Viani became a leading member of the Italian Workers Party (POI) founded in Milan in 1882, and was one of the drafters of the party's program.[2] He was the candidate for the POI in October 1882, but was not elected. At the end of 1885 Gnocchi-Viani went to France to study labor relations for the journal Il Sole. He was the guest of Benoît Malon, and learned about bourses du travail from him.[1] He began to push for setting up Italian chambers of labor on the French model.[8]

Gnocchi-Viani was elected to the Milan Chamber of Deputies on a left-wing platform in 1890.[7] In 1991 he helped found the Milan chamber of labor.[1] In 1892 Gnocchi-Viani was one of the founders of the Party of Italian Workers, later the Italian Socialist Party (PSI).[9] In 1893 he was the first secretary of the Humanitarian Society of Milan, which aimed to improve the education and conditions of the working classes. In 1901 he and Angelo Filippetti, later to be mayor of Milan, created the Popular University of Milan, which aimed to educate adult workers.[10]

Osvaldo Gnocchi-Viani died in Milan on 8 January 1917.[1] His Dieci anni di camere del lavoro is an important source of the early history of the chamber of labor in Italy.[7]

Bibliography edit

A selection of publications:

  • Gnocchi-Viani, Osvaldo (1865). Tradizioni storiche. Tipografia sociale. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
  • Gnocchi-Viani, Osvaldo (1874). La Comune Di Parigi E L'Internazionale. Avvenire Sociale. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
  • Gnocchi-Viani, Osvaldo (1882). Il nostro idea e. Estratto dalla Conferenza tenuta al Teatro Castelli, Milano, la sera del 27 ottobre 1882. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
  • Gnocchi-Viani, Osvaldo (1885). Il Partito operaio italiano, 1882-1885. Industriale di Stefani e Pizzi. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
  • Gnocchi-Viani, Osvaldo (1889). Le Borse del Lavoro. Panizza. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
  • Gnocchi-Viani, Osvaldo; Turati, Filippo (1892). Il socialismo e le sue scuole. Con introd. di F. Turati. Critica sociale. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
  • Gnocchi-Viani, Osvaldo (1893). L'Internazionale nella Comune di Parigi. Tip. Cooperativa. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
  • Gnocchi-Viani, Osvaldo; Cabrini, Angiolo (1893). Delle Camere del lavoro in Italia. Tipografia degli operai. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
  • Gnocchi-Viani, Osvaldo (1897). Le peripezie delle Camere del lavoro: conferenza. Spandre e Lazzari (tip.). Retrieved 2013-09-03.
  • Gnocchi-Viani, Osvaldo (1995). Dieci anni di Camere del Lavoro e altri scritti sul sindacato italiano: 1889-1899. Ediesse. ISBN 9788823001671. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
  • Osvaldo Gnocchi-Viani (1989). Oltre la politica: valori e istituzioni per una società nuova. Franco Angeli. ISBN 978-88-204-3433-5. Retrieved 2013-09-03.

References edit

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Sircana 2002.
  2. ^ a b c d e Lane 1995, p. 356.
  3. ^ Zanardelli Tito: ABMO.
  4. ^ Turcato 2012, p. 160.
  5. ^ Briguglio 2000, p. 157.
  6. ^ Longhin 2000, p. 208.
  7. ^ a b c Kohn 2003, p. 115.
  8. ^ Lane 1995, p. 356-357.
  9. ^ Lane 1995, p. 357.
  10. ^ Augello & Guidi 2012, p. 146.

Sources

  • Augello, Massimo M.; Guidi, Marco E. L (2012-08-06). The Economic Reader: Textbooks, Manuals and the Dissemination of the Economic Sciences During the 19th and Early 20th Centuries. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-55443-5. Retrieved 2013-09-02.
    • Briguglio, Letterio (2000-01-01). "Benoit Malon, historien du Socialisme". Du Forez à La revue socialiste: Benoît Malon, 1841-1893 : réévaluations d'un itinéraire militant et d'une oeuvre fondatrice. Université de Saint-Etienne. ISBN 978-2-86272-179-8. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
  • Kohn, Margaret (2003). Radical Space: Building the House of the People. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-8860-3. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
  • Lane, A. T. (December 1995). Biographical Dictionary of European Labor Leaders. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-26456-6. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
  • Longhin, Anna-Maria (2000-01-01). "Benoit Malon et l'internationalisme italien". Du Forez à La revue socialiste: Benoît Malon, 1841-1893 : réévaluations d'un itinéraire militant et d'une oeuvre fondatrice. Université de Saint-Etienne. ISBN 978-2-86272-179-8. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
  • Sircana, Giuseppe (2002). "GNOCCHI VIANI, Osvaldo". Dizionario Biografico (in Italian). Vol. 57. Treccani. Retrieved 2013-09-02.
  • Turcato, Davide (2012-10-17). Making Sense of Anarchism: Errico Malatesta's Experiments with Revolution, 1889-1900. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-27140-2. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
  • "Zanardelli Tito". L'Internazionale italiana fra libertari ed evoluzionisti. Archivio Biografico del Movimento Operaio. Archived from the original on 2013-09-01. Retrieved 2013-09-01.

Further reading

  • Della Peruta, Franco (1997). Osvaldo Gnocchi Viani nella storia del movimento operaio e del socialismo. FrancoAngeli. ISBN 9788846403728. Retrieved 2013-09-03.

External links edit

April 21, 2024
osvaldo, gnocchi, viani, august, 1837, january, 1917, italian, journalist, member, first, international, later, entered, mainstream, democratic, politics, socialist, known, work, introducing, chambers, labor, into, italy, born, 1837, august, 1837ostiglia, mant. Osvaldo Gnocchi Viani 26 August 1837 8 January 1917 was an Italian journalist and a member of the First International Later he entered mainstream democratic politics as a Socialist He is known for his work in introducing chambers of labor into Italy Osvaldo Gnocchi VianiBorn 1837 08 26 26 August 1837Ostiglia Mantua Austrian EmpireDied8 January 1917 1917 01 08 aged 79 Milan ItalyNationalityMilanese ItalianOccupation s Journalist politicianKnown forChambers of labor Contents 1 Early years 2 First International 3 Later career 4 Bibliography 5 References 6 External linksEarly years editOsvaldo Gnocchi Viani was born in Ostiglia Mantua Austrian Empire on August 26 1837 His parents were Giuseppe Gnocchi and Teresa Viani He attended secondary school in Mantua then was admitted to the faculty of law at the University of Padua In 1859 he joined Giuseppe Mazzini s movement for Italian unification He was prosecuted for taking part in an anti Austrian demonstration and took refuge in Pavia where he obtained a degree in law in March 1861 1 Gnocchi Viani became a journalist and worked for the Mazzini papers L Unita italiana Italian Unity and IlDovere di Genova The Duty of Genoa In 1863 he moved to Genoa Between 1868 and 1870 he took over direction of IlDovere di Genova Gnocchi Viani s 1870 pamphlet Dal Concilio a Dio showed his growing independence from Mazzini s philosophical and religious views and his adherence to materialistic concepts In October 1870 he volunteered for the campaign in Vosges France as an officer in Giuseppe Garibaldi s forces 1 First International editGnocchi Viani became disillusioned with Mazzini when the latter would not support the Paris Commune and disagreed with Mazzini s belief in cooperation between social classes 2 He became increasingly sympathetic with the International Workingmen s Association IWA often called the First International In the summer of 1871 he settled in Rome working as a proofreader at the Rechiedei printing house He organized the 12th Workers Congress held in Rome in November 1871 1 In 1872 he founded the Workers League of Crafts and Trades affiliated to the IWA and became the first secretary 2 In Rome in 1872 he worked with Tito Zanardelli in organization and in international propaganda 3 In March 1873 Gnocchi Viani made demands on behalf of the masons to the government of Rome On 15 May 1873 the authorities arrested him and other IWA members charging them with conspiracy against the security of the state He was released on 8 August 1873 He found that the anarchists had taken control of the Roman IWA section and decided to join the anti Bakunin faction In November 1876 he moved to Milan at the invitation of Enrico Bignami director of La Plebe 1 That year he and other evolutionist Socialists who wrote for La Plebe founded the Northern Italian Federation of the International an organization that believed in using legal means and was opposed to anarchists and insurrectionists 2 In his belief in gaining political power through elections he was at odds with anarchists such as Errico Malatesta who said Gnocchi Viani cannot ignore that logic imposes other methods of struggle to those who want to abolish political power instead of occupying it 4 Later career editGnocchi Viani believed that history had to be seen as more than just a chronicle of events but also as an account of ideas schools theories and doctrines 5 He was in favor of formation of labor unions and the right to strike He was opposed to the middle classes taking too active a role in the workers movement 2 He believed that socialism should not just eliminate exploitation of man by man but should seek broader goals eliminating all forms of injustice In this he disagreed with Karl Marx 6 Gnocchi Viani criticized the Second International 1889 1916 and defended democracy as being essential to socialism 7 Gnocchi Viani became a leading member of the Italian Workers Party POI founded in Milan in 1882 and was one of the drafters of the party s program 2 He was the candidate for the POI in October 1882 but was not elected At the end of 1885 Gnocchi Viani went to France to study labor relations for the journal Il Sole He was the guest of Benoit Malon and learned about bourses du travail from him 1 He began to push for setting up Italian chambers of labor on the French model 8 Gnocchi Viani was elected to the Milan Chamber of Deputies on a left wing platform in 1890 7 In 1991 he helped found the Milan chamber of labor 1 In 1892 Gnocchi Viani was one of the founders of the Party of Italian Workers later the Italian Socialist Party PSI 9 In 1893 he was the first secretary of the Humanitarian Society of Milan which aimed to improve the education and conditions of the working classes In 1901 he and Angelo Filippetti later to be mayor of Milan created the Popular University of Milan which aimed to educate adult workers 10 Osvaldo Gnocchi Viani died in Milan on 8 January 1917 1 His Dieci anni di camere del lavoro is an important source of the early history of the chamber of labor in Italy 7 Bibliography editA selection of publications Gnocchi Viani Osvaldo 1865 Tradizioni storiche Tipografia sociale Retrieved 2013 09 03 Gnocchi Viani Osvaldo 1874 La Comune Di Parigi E L Internazionale Avvenire Sociale Retrieved 2013 09 03 Gnocchi Viani Osvaldo 1882 Il nostro idea e Estratto dalla Conferenza tenuta al Teatro Castelli Milano la sera del 27 ottobre 1882 Retrieved 2013 09 03 Gnocchi Viani Osvaldo 1885 Il Partito operaio italiano 1882 1885 Industriale di Stefani e Pizzi Retrieved 2013 09 03 Gnocchi Viani Osvaldo 1889 Le Borse del Lavoro Panizza Retrieved 2013 09 03 Gnocchi Viani Osvaldo Turati Filippo 1892 Il socialismo e le sue scuole Con introd di F Turati Critica sociale Retrieved 2013 09 03 Gnocchi Viani Osvaldo 1893 L Internazionale nella Comune di Parigi Tip Cooperativa Retrieved 2013 09 03 Gnocchi Viani Osvaldo Cabrini Angiolo 1893 Delle Camere del lavoro in Italia Tipografia degli operai Retrieved 2013 09 03 Gnocchi Viani Osvaldo 1897 Le peripezie delle Camere del lavoro conferenza Spandre e Lazzari tip Retrieved 2013 09 03 Gnocchi Viani Osvaldo 1995 Dieci anni di Camere del Lavoro e altri scritti sul sindacato italiano 1889 1899 Ediesse ISBN 9788823001671 Retrieved 2013 09 03 Osvaldo Gnocchi Viani 1989 Oltre la politica valori e istituzioni per una societa nuova Franco Angeli ISBN 978 88 204 3433 5 Retrieved 2013 09 03 References editCitations a b c d e f g Sircana 2002 a b c d e Lane 1995 p 356 Zanardelli Tito ABMO Turcato 2012 p 160 Briguglio 2000 p 157 Longhin 2000 p 208 a b c Kohn 2003 p 115 Lane 1995 p 356 357 Lane 1995 p 357 Augello amp Guidi 2012 p 146 Sources Augello Massimo M Guidi Marco E L 2012 08 06 The Economic Reader Textbooks Manuals and the Dissemination of the Economic Sciences During the 19th and Early 20th Centuries Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 55443 5 Retrieved 2013 09 02 Briguglio Letterio 2000 01 01 Benoit Malon historien du Socialisme Du Forez a La revue socialiste Benoit Malon 1841 1893 reevaluations d un itineraire militant et d une oeuvre fondatrice Universite de Saint Etienne ISBN 978 2 86272 179 8 Retrieved 2013 09 03 Kohn Margaret 2003 Radical Space Building the House of the People Cornell University Press ISBN 978 0 8014 8860 3 Retrieved 2013 09 03 Lane A T December 1995 Biographical Dictionary of European Labor Leaders Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 978 0 313 26456 6 Retrieved 2013 09 03 Longhin Anna Maria 2000 01 01 Benoit Malon et l internationalisme italien Du Forez a La revue socialiste Benoit Malon 1841 1893 reevaluations d un itineraire militant et d une oeuvre fondatrice Universite de Saint Etienne ISBN 978 2 86272 179 8 Retrieved 2013 09 03 Sircana Giuseppe 2002 GNOCCHI VIANI Osvaldo Dizionario Biografico in Italian Vol 57 Treccani Retrieved 2013 09 02 Turcato Davide 2012 10 17 Making Sense of Anarchism Errico Malatesta s Experiments with Revolution 1889 1900 Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 978 1 137 27140 2 Retrieved 2013 09 03 Zanardelli Tito L Internazionale italiana fra libertari ed evoluzionisti Archivio Biografico del Movimento Operaio Archived from the original on 2013 09 01 Retrieved 2013 09 01 Further reading Della Peruta Franco 1997 Osvaldo Gnocchi Viani nella storia del movimento operaio e del socialismo FrancoAngeli ISBN 9788846403728 Retrieved 2013 09 03 External links editWorks by Osvaldo Gnocchi Viani at Project Gutenberg Works by or about Osvaldo Gnocchi Viani at Internet Archive Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Osvaldo Gnocchi Viani amp oldid 1193589413, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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