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GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development

January 01, 1970

"GUAM" redirects here. For the Pacific island territory, see Guam.

The GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development is a regional organization of four post-Soviet states: Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, and Moldova.

GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development
  • Georgian: დემოკრატიისა და ეკონომიკური განვითარების ორგანიზაცია სუამი, romanized: demok'rat'iisa da ek'onomik'uri ganvitarebis organizatsia suami
  • Ukrainian: ГУАМ Організація за демократію та економічний розвиток, romanized: HUAM Orhanizatsiia za demokratiiu ta ekonomichnyi rozvytok
  • Azerbaijani: GUAM Demokratiya və İqtisadi İnkişaf naminə Təşkilat
  • Romanian: GUAM Organizația pentru Democrație și Dezvoltare Economică
Logo
GUAM members in blue; former member in red
HeadquartersKyiv, Ukraine
Official languageRussian (1997−2014)
English (2014−)
Member states
Establishment
• GUAM consultative forum
10 October 1997
• Uzbekistan membership, GUUAM established
1999
• Charter signed
June 2001
• Uzbekistan withdrew, GUAM reestablished
May 2005
Area
• Total
810,506 km2 (312,938 sq mi)
Population
• 2020 estimate
 57,975,000[1]
• Density
71.5/km2 (185.2/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)2020 estimate
• Total
 $765 billion[1]
• Per capita
 $13,200
GDP (nominal)2020 estimate
• Total
 $223 billion[1]
• Per capita
 $3,800
Website
guam-organization.org/en/

Conceived in 1997 to harmonize and integrate commercial, diplomatic and democratic relations among its member states, the GUAM treaty charter was signed in 2001 and today covers a population of over 57 million people. Uzbekistan was also a member of GUAM in the 1999–2005 period. In 2003, GUAM became an observer in the UN General Assembly. In 2007, GUAM also established a military peacekeeping force and organized joint military exercises. Such increasingly deepened integration and relationships led to GUAM playing an important role in the region's diplomatic and commercial affairs.

The agreement on a Free Trade Area was signed in 2002. In 2017, additional agreements on a free-trade area were announced, but as of 2022 reportedly the FTA has not been ratified and has not entered into force.[2] The WTO was notified only in 2017 and the Agreement is designated as "Plurilateral" and "In Force". According to the WTO database, the GUAM FTA agreement was signed in 2002 and entered into force in 2003.[3] International Trade Centre says there is no free trade area in operation with distinct rules from an Agreement on Creation of CIS Free Trade Area, was signed on 15 April 1994 by 12 CIS countries.[4]

The database of agreements of the International Trade Centre does not indicate that a GUAM FTA agreement has been concluded, but it does indicate that the 1994 Agreement on CIS FTA is in force for Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Moldova.[5][6][7][8] and the 1999 Agreement on CIS FTA version is listed as the current text of the FTA agreement.[9]

The official negotiating language of GUAM was Russian, but it was scrapped in favor of English in 2014.

History edit

Origins and foundation, Uzbek membership (1997–2005) edit

 
70-kopeck Ukrainian postage stamp commemorating the GUAM Summit held in Kyiv, 22–23 May 2006.

Cooperation between Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, and Moldova started with the "GUAM consultative forum", established on 10 October 1997, in Strasbourg and named after the initial letters of each of those countries. In 1999, the organisation adopted the name GUUAM due to the membership of Uzbekistan. A summit in Yalta on 6 and 7 June 2001 was accompanied by the signing of GUUAM's charter, which formalized the organization. According to the former Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko, the charter set objectives for cooperation, such as promoting democratic values, ensuring stable development, enhancing international and regional security, and stepping up European integration.[10]

In 2002, Uzbekistan announced that it planned to withdraw from the organization and following this announcement started to ignore GUUAM summits and meetings.[11] In May 2005, shortly after the Andijan massacre, Uzbekistan finally gave official notice of withdrawal from the organization to the Moldovan presidency, thus changing the group's name back to GUAM.

A summit of GUUAM took place in Chișinău, Moldova, on 22 April 2005. The US Department of State special representative for Eurasian conflicts, Steven Mann, and the OSCE Secretary General, Ján Kubiš, participated in the summit. The Russian ambassador in Chișinău criticized the fact that Russia was not invited to attend.[12] Ilham Aliyev, the president of Azerbaijan, said after the summit: "Our organization is emerging as a powerful force, participating in resolving problems in the Caspian—Black Sea region" while the president of Ukraine, Viktor Yushchenko, said that a new page had been written in the history of the organization.[13]

Deepening of relations and integration (2006–2013) edit

Given the growth of its influence in the region, and the existence of the Russian—led Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), GUAM was seen in Russia as a way of countering the Russian influence in the area and as part of a strategy backed by the United States.[14] However, GUAM leaders repeatedly and officially dismiss such claims and declare their strong willingness to develop close friendly relations with Russia.[citation needed] Moreover, Azerbaijan, the group's main energy power, has managed to avoid any conflicts with Russia in recent years.

In April 2006, three GUAM nations supported Ukraine's proposal to condemn the Holodomor, the 1930s famine in Ukraine which killed millions of people, as a genocide.[15]

In May 2006, Ukraine and Azerbaijan announced plans to further increase the GUAM member relations by renaming the organization GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development and establishing its headquarters in the Ukrainian capital.[16] The other members said this was a remarkable step and development. The summit participants were also expected to adopt GUAM by—laws, a declaration and a communique. Also in May 2006 the Ukrainian Defense Ministry announced plans to establish GUAM peacekeeping forces.[17] The following year, GUAM nations agreed to form a 500-personnel joint peacekeeping force to battle separatism.

In June 2007, presidents of Lithuania, Poland and Romania joined the leaders of GUAM member states at the GUAM summit in Baku, Azerbaijan. Also participating at the summit were the Vice-President of Bulgaria, the Vice-Speaker of the Estonian parliament, the Minister of Economy of Latvia, and the high—level representatives of the United States, Japan, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC), UNESCO, and heads of diplomatic missions accredited in Azerbaijan.[18]

After Russian invasion and annexation of Crimea (2014–present) edit

In December 2014, then-Ukrainian Foreign Minister Pavlo Klimkin proposed that GUAM should use English during meetings, instead of Russian, which was also the main language used in official gatherings in the Soviet Union. GUAM representatives agreed.[19][20]

In March 2017, GUAM officially established agreements on a free-trade area and harmonization of customs procedures among its member states.[21][needs update]

In May 2021, three of the four members, Ukraine, Moldova, and Georgia, joined the Association Trio in order to jointly facilitate further European integration.

 GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic DevelopmentGeorgia (country)AzerbaijanUkraineMoldovaTajikistanTurkmenistanCollective Security Treaty OrganizationEurasian Economic UnionUzbekistanKyrgyzstanKazakhstanArmeniaUnion StateBelarusRussiaCommonwealth of Independent StatesCommonwealth of Independent States Free Trade AreaBaltic AssemblyLithuaniaLatviaEstoniaCommunity for Democracy and Rights of NationsTransnistriaAbkhaziaSouth Ossetia
A clickable Euler diagram showing the relationships among various supranational organisations in the territory of the former Soviet Unionv • d • e

Free Trade Area negotiations edit

An Agreement on Establishment of Free Trade Area between the GUUAM Participating States was signed on July 20, 2002. [22]

In 2017 Ukraine announced agreements on a free-trade area and harmonization of customs procedures among its member states.[23]

At the 77th Session of the United Nations (UN) General Assembly held in New York on September 20, 2022, the Foreign Ministers of the Organization for Democracy and Economic Development (GUAM) members came together on the sidelines and held the 39th Cabinet meeting of GUAM. After the meeting, the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Moldova signed a protocol on the determination of the country of origin of the goods. In addition, it was announced by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine that a free trade zone was established between the GUAM countries.[24][25]

The Free Trade Area has not been ratified and has not entered into force. It is too soon to be sure whether GUAM member states will ratify the free trade area soon or if the project will be placed on hiatus. There is also the question about to what extent an FTA could help financially GUAM countries compared to other projects, such as European Union membership or the Middle Corridor. GUAM is a regional bloc that has not demonstrated its usefulness to its member states compared to other organizations or projects that GUAM member states are part of.[26]

Members edit

Current
Former

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: October 2022". International Monetary Fund. from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
  2. ^ "GUAM 2.0: Can Free Trade Revive the Forgotten Regional Bloc?". 3 October 2022.
  3. ^ "WTO | Regional trade agreements".
  4. ^ "Market Access Map".
  5. ^ "Market Access Map".
  6. ^ "Market Access Map".
  7. ^ "Market Access Map".
  8. ^ "Market Access Map".
  9. ^ "FREE TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN AZERBAIJAN, ARMENIA, BELARUS, GEORGIA, MOLDOVA, KAZAKHSTAN, THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, UKRAINE, UZBEKISTAN, TAJIKISTAN AND THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC" (PDF). findrulesoforigin.org. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  10. ^ "Russian Deputy FM: "GUAM not anti-Russian group"". Today.az. 23 May 2006. from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 18 April 2007.
  11. ^ "Uzbekistan: Tashkent Withdraws From GUUAM, Remaining Members Forge Ahead". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 18 June 2002. from the original on 13 November 2020. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
  12. ^ . Itar-Tass. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 18 April 2007.
  13. ^ "GUAM Leaders Hail Chişinău Summit". Civil Georgia. 22 April 2005. from the original on 8 October 2007. Retrieved 18 April 2007.
  14. ^ . Kommersant. 3 March 2005. Archived from the original on 20 May 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2007.
  15. ^ . Eurasia Daily Monitor. 25 April 2006. Archived from the original on 17 April 2007. Retrieved 18 April 2007.
  16. ^ . InfoMarket. Moldova Azi. 19 May 2006. Archived from the original on 3 February 2008. Retrieved 18 April 2007.
  17. ^ "Ukraine suggests setting up GUAM peacekeeping unit". Today.az. 31 May 2006. from the original on 23 October 2007. Retrieved 18 April 2007.
  18. ^ . Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 24 August 2007.
  19. ^ "Ex-Soviet GUAM Switches To English". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 5 December 2014. from the original on 13 November 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
  20. ^ "Ex-Soviet GUAM Group Drops Russian, Switches To English". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 5 December 2014. from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  21. ^ "In the framework of the GUAM summit governments of Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Moldova signed protocols on the establishment of the FTA and mutual recognition of results of customs control procedures". Government of Ukraine. 27 March 2017. from the original on 13 November 2020. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
  22. ^ "Protocol on rules for determining the country of origin of goods to the Agreement on Establishment of Free Trade Area between the GUUAM Participating States". 20 September 2022. from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  23. ^ "In the framework of the GUAM summit governments of Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Moldova signed protocols on the establishment of the FTA and mutual recognition of results of customs control procedures". Government of Ukraine. 27 March 2017. from the original on 13 November 2020. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
  24. ^ "Free Zone Developed in the Shadow of the Russia-Ukraine War: Economies of GUAM". October 2022. from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  25. ^ "Protocol on rules for determining the country of origin of goods to the Agreement on Establishment of Free Trade Area between the GUUAM Participating States". 20 September 2022. from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  26. ^ "GUAM 2.0: Can Free Trade Revive the Forgotten Regional Bloc?". 3 October 2022. from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.

Sources edit

  • "Ukraine suggests setting up GUAM peacekeeping unit". Today.az. 31 May 2006. Retrieved 18 April 2007.
  • . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan. Archived from the original on 16 April 2007. Retrieved 18 April 2007.
  • (subscribers only)
  • . guuam.org. Archived from the original on 28 July 2007. Retrieved 12 June 2007.
  • "Welcome to TRACECA". TRACECA (Transport Corridor Europe Caucasus Asia) IGC. Retrieved 12 June 2007.
  • . Eurasian Home. Archived from the original on 1 September 2007. Retrieved 12 June 2007.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development.
  • Official website  

January 01, 1970
guam, organization, democracy, economic, development, guam, redirects, here, pacific, island, territory, guam, regional, organization, four, post, soviet, states, georgia, ukraine, azerbaijan, moldova, georgian, დემოკრატიისა, და, ეკონომიკური, განვითარების, ორგ. GUAM redirects here For the Pacific island territory see Guam The GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development is a regional organization of four post Soviet states Georgia Ukraine Azerbaijan and Moldova GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic DevelopmentGeorgian დემოკრატიისა და ეკონომიკური განვითარების ორგანიზაცია სუამი romanized demok rat iisa da ek onomik uri ganvitarebis organizatsia suamiUkrainian GUAM Organizaciya za demokratiyu ta ekonomichnij rozvitok romanized HUAM Orhanizatsiia za demokratiiu ta ekonomichnyi rozvytokAzerbaijani GUAM Demokratiya ve Iqtisadi Inkisaf namine TeskilatRomanian GUAM Organizația pentru Democrație și Dezvoltare EconomicăLogoGUAM members in blue former member in redHeadquartersKyiv UkraineOfficial languageRussian 1997 2014 English 2014 Member statesGeorgiaUkraineAzerbaijanMoldovaEstablishment GUAM consultative forum10 October 1997 Uzbekistan membership GUUAM established1999 Charter signedJune 2001 Uzbekistan withdrew GUAM reestablishedMay 2005Area Total810 506 km2 312 938 sq mi Population 2020 estimate57 975 000 1 Density71 5 km2 185 2 sq mi GDP PPP 2020 estimate Total 765 billion 1 Per capita 13 200GDP nominal 2020 estimate Total 223 billion 1 Per capita 3 800Websiteguam organization wbr org wbr en wbr Conceived in 1997 to harmonize and integrate commercial diplomatic and democratic relations among its member states the GUAM treaty charter was signed in 2001 and today covers a population of over 57 million people Uzbekistan was also a member of GUAM in the 1999 2005 period In 2003 GUAM became an observer in the UN General Assembly In 2007 GUAM also established a military peacekeeping force and organized joint military exercises Such increasingly deepened integration and relationships led to GUAM playing an important role in the region s diplomatic and commercial affairs The agreement on a Free Trade Area was signed in 2002 In 2017 additional agreements on a free trade area were announced but as of 2022 reportedly the FTA has not been ratified and has not entered into force 2 The WTO was notified only in 2017 and the Agreement is designated as Plurilateral and In Force According to the WTO database the GUAM FTA agreement was signed in 2002 and entered into force in 2003 3 International Trade Centre says there is no free trade area in operation with distinct rules from an Agreement on Creation of CIS Free Trade Area was signed on 15 April 1994 by 12 CIS countries 4 The database of agreements of the International Trade Centre does not indicate that a GUAM FTA agreement has been concluded but it does indicate that the 1994 Agreement on CIS FTA is in force for Georgia Ukraine Azerbaijan and Moldova 5 6 7 8 and the 1999 Agreement on CIS FTA version is listed as the current text of the FTA agreement 9 The official negotiating language of GUAM was Russian but it was scrapped in favor of English in 2014 Contents 1 History 1 1 Origins and foundation Uzbek membership 1997 2005 1 2 Deepening of relations and integration 2006 2013 1 3 After Russian invasion and annexation of Crimea 2014 present 2 Free Trade Area negotiations 3 Members 4 See also 5 References 6 Sources 7 External linksHistory editOrigins and foundation Uzbek membership 1997 2005 edit nbsp 70 kopeck Ukrainian postage stamp commemorating the GUAM Summit held in Kyiv 22 23 May 2006 Cooperation between Georgia Ukraine Azerbaijan and Moldova started with the GUAM consultative forum established on 10 October 1997 in Strasbourg and named after the initial letters of each of those countries In 1999 the organisation adopted the name GUUAM due to the membership of Uzbekistan A summit in Yalta on 6 and 7 June 2001 was accompanied by the signing of GUUAM s charter which formalized the organization According to the former Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko the charter set objectives for cooperation such as promoting democratic values ensuring stable development enhancing international and regional security and stepping up European integration 10 In 2002 Uzbekistan announced that it planned to withdraw from the organization and following this announcement started to ignore GUUAM summits and meetings 11 In May 2005 shortly after the Andijan massacre Uzbekistan finally gave official notice of withdrawal from the organization to the Moldovan presidency thus changing the group s name back to GUAM A summit of GUUAM took place in Chișinău Moldova on 22 April 2005 The US Department of State special representative for Eurasian conflicts Steven Mann and the OSCE Secretary General Jan Kubis participated in the summit The Russian ambassador in Chișinău criticized the fact that Russia was not invited to attend 12 Ilham Aliyev the president of Azerbaijan said after the summit Our organization is emerging as a powerful force participating in resolving problems in the Caspian Black Sea region while the president of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko said that a new page had been written in the history of the organization 13 Deepening of relations and integration 2006 2013 edit Given the growth of its influence in the region and the existence of the Russian led Commonwealth of Independent States CIS GUAM was seen in Russia as a way of countering the Russian influence in the area and as part of a strategy backed by the United States 14 However GUAM leaders repeatedly and officially dismiss such claims and declare their strong willingness to develop close friendly relations with Russia citation needed Moreover Azerbaijan the group s main energy power has managed to avoid any conflicts with Russia in recent years In April 2006 three GUAM nations supported Ukraine s proposal to condemn the Holodomor the 1930s famine in Ukraine which killed millions of people as a genocide 15 In May 2006 Ukraine and Azerbaijan announced plans to further increase the GUAM member relations by renaming the organization GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development and establishing its headquarters in the Ukrainian capital 16 The other members said this was a remarkable step and development The summit participants were also expected to adopt GUAM by laws a declaration and a communique Also in May 2006 the Ukrainian Defense Ministry announced plans to establish GUAM peacekeeping forces 17 The following year GUAM nations agreed to form a 500 personnel joint peacekeeping force to battle separatism In June 2007 presidents of Lithuania Poland and Romania joined the leaders of GUAM member states at the GUAM summit in Baku Azerbaijan Also participating at the summit were the Vice President of Bulgaria the Vice Speaker of the Estonian parliament the Minister of Economy of Latvia and the high level representatives of the United States Japan the Organization for Security and Co operation in Europe OSCE the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation BSEC UNESCO and heads of diplomatic missions accredited in Azerbaijan 18 After Russian invasion and annexation of Crimea 2014 present edit In December 2014 then Ukrainian Foreign Minister Pavlo Klimkin proposed that GUAM should use English during meetings instead of Russian which was also the main language used in official gatherings in the Soviet Union GUAM representatives agreed 19 20 In March 2017 GUAM officially established agreements on a free trade area and harmonization of customs procedures among its member states 21 needs update In May 2021 three of the four members Ukraine Moldova and Georgia joined the Association Trio in order to jointly facilitate further European integration nbsp A clickable Euler diagram showing the relationships among various supranational organisations in the territory of the former Soviet Unionv d eFree Trade Area negotiations editAn Agreement on Establishment of Free Trade Area between the GUUAM Participating States was signed on July 20 2002 22 In 2017 Ukraine announced agreements on a free trade area and harmonization of customs procedures among its member states 23 At the 77th Session of the United Nations UN General Assembly held in New York on September 20 2022 the Foreign Ministers of the Organization for Democracy and Economic Development GUAM members came together on the sidelines and held the 39th Cabinet meeting of GUAM After the meeting the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Georgia Ukraine Azerbaijan and Moldova signed a protocol on the determination of the country of origin of the goods In addition it was announced by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine that a free trade zone was established between the GUAM countries 24 25 The Free Trade Area has not been ratified and has not entered into force It is too soon to be sure whether GUAM member states will ratify the free trade area soon or if the project will be placed on hiatus There is also the question about to what extent an FTA could help financially GUAM countries compared to other projects such as European Union membership or the Middle Corridor GUAM is a regional bloc that has not demonstrated its usefulness to its member states compared to other organizations or projects that GUAM member states are part of 26 Members editCurrent nbsp Georgia 1997 nbsp Ukraine 1997 nbsp Azerbaijan 1997 nbsp Moldova 1997 Former nbsp Uzbekistan 1999 2002 See also editAssociation Trio Black Sea Forum Commonwealth of Independent States Community of Democratic Choice Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations Euronest Parliamentary Assembly Military of Azerbaijan Military of Georgia Military of Moldova Military of Ukraine Politics of Europe Post Soviet states Shanghai Cooperation Organisation TRACECAReferences edit a b c Report for Selected Countries and Subjects October 2022 International Monetary Fund Archived from the original on 7 December 2022 Retrieved 7 December 2022 GUAM 2 0 Can Free Trade Revive the Forgotten Regional Bloc 3 October 2022 WTO Regional trade agreements Market Access Map Market Access Map Market Access Map Market Access Map Market Access Map FREE TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN AZERBAIJAN ARMENIA BELARUS GEORGIA MOLDOVA KAZAKHSTAN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION UKRAINE UZBEKISTAN TAJIKISTAN AND THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC PDF findrulesoforigin org Retrieved 1 April 2024 Russian Deputy FM GUAM not anti Russian group Today az 23 May 2006 Archived from the original on 29 September 2007 Retrieved 18 April 2007 Uzbekistan Tashkent Withdraws From GUUAM Remaining Members Forge Ahead Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty 18 June 2002 Archived from the original on 13 November 2020 Retrieved 13 November 2020 Itar Tass article Itar Tass Archived from the original on 30 September 2007 Retrieved 18 April 2007 GUAM Leaders Hail Chisinău Summit Civil Georgia 22 April 2005 Archived from the original on 8 October 2007 Retrieved 18 April 2007 Axis of Evil Shaping Against Moscow Kommersant 3 March 2005 Archived from the original on 20 May 2014 Retrieved 18 April 2007 CIS Split at Ministerial Conference Eurasia Daily Monitor 25 April 2006 Archived from the original on 17 April 2007 Retrieved 18 April 2007 Foreign Ministers of Georgia Ukraine Azerbaijan and Moldova Discussed the Upcoming Guam Summit InfoMarket Moldova Azi 19 May 2006 Archived from the original on 3 February 2008 Retrieved 18 April 2007 Ukraine suggests setting up GUAM peacekeeping unit Today az 31 May 2006 Archived from the original on 23 October 2007 Retrieved 18 April 2007 Embassy of Azerbaijan in the U S Baku hosts GUAM Second Summit Archived from the original on 27 September 2007 Retrieved 24 August 2007 Ex Soviet GUAM Switches To English Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty 5 December 2014 Archived from the original on 13 November 2016 Retrieved 7 April 2018 Ex Soviet GUAM Group Drops Russian Switches To English Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty 5 December 2014 Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 14 January 2015 In the framework of the GUAM summit governments of Georgia Ukraine Azerbaijan and Moldova signed protocols on the establishment of the FTA and mutual recognition of results of customs control procedures Government of Ukraine 27 March 2017 Archived from the original on 13 November 2020 Retrieved 13 November 2020 Protocol on rules for determining the country of origin of goods to the Agreement on Establishment of Free Trade Area between the GUUAM Participating States 20 September 2022 Archived from the original on 19 June 2023 Retrieved 19 June 2023 In the framework of the GUAM summit governments of Georgia Ukraine Azerbaijan and Moldova signed protocols on the establishment of the FTA and mutual recognition of results of customs control procedures Government of Ukraine 27 March 2017 Archived from the original on 13 November 2020 Retrieved 13 November 2020 Free Zone Developed in the Shadow of the Russia Ukraine War Economies of GUAM October 2022 Archived from the original on 19 June 2023 Retrieved 19 June 2023 Protocol on rules for determining the country of origin of goods to the Agreement on Establishment of Free Trade Area between the GUUAM Participating States 20 September 2022 Archived from the original on 19 June 2023 Retrieved 19 June 2023 GUAM 2 0 Can Free Trade Revive the Forgotten Regional Bloc 3 October 2022 Archived from the original on 19 June 2023 Retrieved 19 June 2023 Sources edit Ukraine suggests setting up GUAM peacekeeping unit Today az 31 May 2006 Retrieved 18 April 2007 Azerbaijan GUAM Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan Archived from the original on 16 April 2007 Retrieved 18 April 2007 GUAM News subscribers only Baku Today The GUUAM Group History and Principles guuam org Archived from the original on 28 July 2007 Retrieved 12 June 2007 Welcome to TRACECA TRACECA Transport Corridor Europe Caucasus Asia IGC Retrieved 12 June 2007 GUAM Group Eurasian Home Archived from the original on 1 September 2007 Retrieved 12 June 2007 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development Official website nbsp Portals nbsp Azerbaijan nbsp Europe nbsp Georgia country nbsp Moldova nbsp Ukraine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development amp oldid 1216752958, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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