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Orchis

February 14, 2023

For other uses, see Orchis (mythology).

Orchis is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae), occurring mainly in Europe and Northwest Africa, and ranging as far as Tibet, Mongolia, and Xinjiang.[1] The name is from the Ancient Greek ὄρχις orchis, meaning "testicle", from the appearance of the paired subterranean tuberoids.[2]

Orchis
Orchis italica
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Subtribe: Orchidinae
Genus: Orchis
Tourn. ex L. 1753
Type species
Orchis militaris
L. Sp. Pl.: 943, 1753
Species

See text

Synonyms[1]
  • Abrochis Neck.
  • Zoophora Bernh.
  • Strateuma Salisb.
  • Aceras R.Br. in W.T.Aiton
  • × Orchiaceras E.G.Camus
  • Androrchis D.Tyteca & E.Klein

Description

These terrestrial orchids have root tubers instead of pseudobulbs. They are extremely diverse in appearance. They produce an erect stem. The inflorescence is a cylindrical to globular spike, 5–15 cm (2–6 in) long, with yellow, red to purple flowers. They start flowering at the base, slowly progressing upwards, except for the Monkey orchid (Orchis simia), which flowers in reverse order.

The original genus Orchis used to contain more than 1,300 names. Since it was polyphyletic, it has been divided by Pridgeon et al., into several new genera (see Reference): Ponerorchis, Schizodium, Steveniella. They can be found in tropical Rainforest and semi-desert regions, near the seashore and in the tundra. The majority of neotropical orchid species can be found in southern Central America, northwest South America

Taxonomy

Species

As of June 2014, the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families accepts 21 species, along with a number of subspecies:[3]

  • Orchis adenocheila Czerniak. (Iran)
  • Orchis anatolica Boiss. – Anatolian orchid (Cyprus, Turkey, Southern Aegean Islands, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Iran)
  • Orchis anthropophora (L.) All. (Western Europe to Mediterranean)
  • Orchis brancifortii Biv. (Southern Italy, Sicilia, Sardinia)
  • Orchis galilaea (Bornm. & M.Schulze) Schltr. (Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine)
  • Orchis italica Poir. – Man orchid, Italian orchid (Mediterranean)
  • Orchis mascula (L.) L. – Early purple orchid, (N. & C. Europe to Iran, Canary Islands)
    • Orchis mascula subsp. ichnusae Corrias
    • Orchis mascula subsp. laxifloriformis Rivas Goday & B.Rodr.
    • Orchis mascula subsp. mascula
    • Orchis mascula subsp. scopulorum (Summerh.) H.Sund. ex H.Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H.Dietr.
    • Orchis mascula subsp. speciosa (Mutel) Hegi
  • Orchis militaris L. – Military orchid (Europe to Mongolia)
    • Orchis militaris subsp. militaris
    • Orchis militaris subsp. stevenii (Rchb.f.) B.Baumann & al.
  • Orchis olbiensis Reut. ex Gren. (NW. Italy - to NW. Africa)
  • Orchis pallens L. – Pale-flowered orchid (Europe to Caucasus)
  • Orchis patens Desf. (Central Mediterranean to NW. Africa)
    • Orchis patens subsp. canariensis (Lindl.) Asch. & Graebn.
    • Orchis patens subsp. patens
  • Orchis pauciflora Ten. (Albania, Corsica, Greece, Italy, Crete and Yugoslavia)
  • Orchis provincialis Balb. ex Lam. & DC. (SC. & S. Europe to Caucasus, NW Africa)
  • Orchis punctulata Steven ex Lindl. – Small-dotted orchid (SE. Europe to W. Asia)
  • Orchis purpurea Huds. – Lady orchid, purple orchid (Europe to Caucasus, Algeria)
    • Orchis purpurea subsp. caucasica (Regel) B.Baumann & al.
    • Orchis purpurea subsp. purpurea
  • Orchis quadripunctata Cirillo ex Ten. – Four-spotted orchid (Sardinia to Eastern Mediterranean)
  • Orchis simia Lam. – Monkey orchid (Europe to Iran, N. Africa)
    • Orchis simia subsp. simia
    • Orchis simia subsp. taubertiana (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) Kreutz
  • Orchis sitiaca (Renz) P.Delforge
  • Orchis spitzelii Saut. ex W.D.J.Koch – Spitzel's orchid (Sweden (Gotland), E. Spain to Caucasus, NW. Africa)
    • Orchis spitzelii subsp. cazorlensis (Lacaita) D.Rivera & Lopez Velez
    • Orchis spitzelii subsp. nitidifolia (W.P.Teschner) Soó
    • Orchis spitzelii subsp. spitzelii
  • Orchis troodi (Renz) P.Delforge

Natural hybrids

As of June 2014, the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families accepts 37 hybrid species, along with a number of hybrid subspecies:[3]

  • Orchis × algeriensis B.Baumann & H.Baumann (O. patens × O. spitzelii)
  • Orchis × angusticruris Franch. (O. purpurea × O. simia) (Europe to Caucasus)
    • Orchis × angusticruris nothosubsp. angusticruris (O. purpurea subsp. purpurea × O. simia)
    • Orchis × angusticruris nothosubsp. transcaucasica B.Baumann & al. (O. purpurea subsp. caucasuca × O. simia)
  • Orchis × apollinaris W.Rossi & al. (O. italica × O.  simia) (Italy)
  • Orchis × aurunca W.Rossi & Minut. (O. pauciflora × O. provincialis)
  • Orchis × bergonii Nanteuil (O. anthropophora × O.  simia) (Western Mediterranean)
  • Orchis × beyrichii (Rchb.f.) A.Kern. (O. militaris × O.  simia) (Europe to Turkey)
    • Orchis × beyrichii nothosubsp. beyrichii (O. militaris subsp. militaris × O. simia)
    • Orchis × beyrichii nothosubsp. golestanica (Renz) H.Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H.Dietr. (O. militaris subsp. stevenii × O. simia)
  • Orchis × bispurium (G.Keller) H.Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H.Dietr. (O. anthropophora × O. militaris × O. purpurea)
  • Orchis × bivonae Tod. (O. anthropophora × O. italica) (Southern Europe)
  • Orchis × buelii Wildh. (O. provincialis × O. quadripunctata)
  • Orchis × caesii De Angelis & Fumanti (O. italica × O. purpurea)
  • Orchis × calliantha Renz & Taubenheim (O. punctulata × O. simia) (Turkey)
  • Orchis × chabalensis B.Baumann & al. (O. militaris subsp. stevenii × O. punctulata)
  • Orchis × colemanii Cortesi (O. mascula × O. pauciflora)
  • Orchis × fallax (De Not.) Willk. (O. patens × O. provincialis)
  • Orchis × fitzii Hautz. (O. anatolica × O. mascula) (Turkey)
  • Orchis × hybrida (Lindl.) Boenn. ex Rchb. (O. militaris × O. purpurea) (Europe)
  • Orchis × klopfensteiniae P.Delforge (O. pallens × O. spitzelii) (SW Europe)
  • Orchis × kretzschmariorum B.Baumann & H.Baumann (O. anatolica × O. provincialis)
  • Orchis × ligustica Ruppert (O. mascula × O. patens) (Mediterranean)
  • Orchis × loreziana Brügger(O. mascula × O. pallens) (Europe)
    • Orchis × loreziana nothosubsp. kisslingii (Beck) Potucek (O. mascula subsp. speciosa × O. pallens) (Eastern Europe)
    • Orchis × loreziana nothosubsp. loreziana (O. mascula subsp. mascula × O. pallens) (Central Europe)
  • Orchis × lucensis Antonetti & Bertolini (O. pauciflora × O. simia)
  • Orchis × macra Lindl. (O. anthropophora × O. purpurea) (Europe)
  • Orchis × orphanidesii (E.G.Camus) B.Bock (O. anthropophora × O. mascula)
  • Orchis × palanchonii G.Foelsche & W.Foelsche (O. olbiensis × O. pauciflora)
  • Orchis × penzigiana A.Camus (O. mascula × O. provincialis)
    • Orchis × penzigiana nothosubsp. jailae (Soó) H.Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H.Dietr. (O. mascula subsp. speciosa × O. provincialis)
    • Orchis × penzigiana nothosubsp. penzigiana (O. mascula subsp. mascula × O. provincialis)
    • Orchis × penzigiana nothosubsp. sardoa Scrugli & M.P.Grasso (O. mascula subsp. ichnusae × O. provincialis)
  • Orchis × permixta Soó (O. mascula subsp. signifera × O. pallens × O. provincialis) (Crimea)
  • Orchis × petterssonii G.Keller ex Pett. (O. mascula × O. spitzelii) (Europe, NW Africa)
    • Orchis × petterssonii nothosubsp. incantata (P.Delforge) H.Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H.Dietr. (O. mascula subsp. laxifloriformis × O. spitzelii subsp. cazorlensis)
    • Orchis × petterssonii nothosubsp. petterssonii (O. mascula subsp. mascula × O. spitzelii subsp. cazorlensis)
  • Orchis × plessidiaca Renz (O. pallens × O. provincialis) (SE Europe to Krym)
  • Orchis × pseudoanatolica H.Fleischm. (O. pauciflora × O. quadripunctata) (SE Europe)
  • Orchis × schebestae Griebl (O. mascula × O. quadripunctata)
  • Orchis × serraniana P.Delforge (O. mascula subsp. laxifloriformis × O. olbiensis)
  • Orchis × sezikiana B.Baumann & H.Baumann (O. anatolica × O. quadripunctata)
  • Orchis × spuria Rchb.f. (O. anthropophora × O. militaris) (Europe)
  • Orchis × thriftiensis Renz (O. anatolica × O. pauciflora)
  • Orchis × tochniana Kreutz & Scraton (O. italica × O. punctulata) (Cyprus)
  • Orchis × willingiorum B.Baumann & H.Baumann (O. provincialis × O. spitzelii)
  • Orchis × wulffiana Soó (O. punctulata × O. purpurea) (Crimea to caucasus)
    • Orchis × wulffiana nothosubsp. suckowii (Kümpel) B.Baumann & al. (O. punctulata × O. purpurea subsp. caucasica)
    • Orchis × wulffiana nothosubsp. wulffiana (O. punctulata × O. purpurea subsp. purpurea)

Intergeneric hybrids

  • Orchiophrys (Ophrys x Orchis)
  • Orchiserapias (Orchis x Serapias)

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ^ Alberta Native Plant Council Rare Vascular Plants of Alberta (2001), p. 52, at Google Books
  3. ^ a b "Search for Orchis". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2014-06-29.
  • Pridgeon, A.M.; R.M. Bateman; A.V. Cox; J.R. Hapeman & M.W. Chase (1997). "Phylogenetics of subtribe Orchidinae (Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae) based on nuclear ITS sequences. 1. Intergeneric relationships and polyphyly of Orchis sensu lato". Lindleyana. 12 (2): 89–109.
  • Bateman, R.M.; Pridgeon, A.M.; Chase, M.W. (1997). "Phylogenetics of subtribe Orchidinae (Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae) based on nuclear ITS sequences. 2. Infrageneric relationships and reclassification to achieve monophyly of Orchis sensu stricto". Lindleyana. 12: 113–141.
  • Wucherpfennig, W. (1999). "Gedanken zu einer Neuordnung der Gattung Orchis L.". Nachtrag. Jour. Eur. Orch. 31: 329–346. (in German)
  • Aceto S, Caputo P, Cozzolino S, Gaudio L, Moretti A (1999). "Phylogeny and evolution of Orchis and allied genera based on ITS DNA variation: morphological gaps and molecular continuity". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 13 (1): 67–76. doi:10.1006/mpev.1999.0628. PMID 10508540.

External links

  •   Media related to Orchis at Wikimedia Commons
  •   Data related to Orchis at Wikispecies
  • Orchis genera in Turkey

February 14, 2023
orchis, other, uses, mythology, genus, orchid, family, orchidaceae, occurring, mainly, europe, northwest, africa, ranging, tibet, mongolia, xinjiang, name, from, ancient, greek, ὄρχις, orchis, meaning, testicle, from, appearance, paired, subterranean, tuberoid. For other uses see Orchis mythology Orchis is a genus in the orchid family Orchidaceae occurring mainly in Europe and Northwest Africa and ranging as far as Tibet Mongolia and Xinjiang 1 The name is from the Ancient Greek ὄrxis orchis meaning testicle from the appearance of the paired subterranean tuberoids 2 OrchisOrchis italicaScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade MonocotsOrder AsparagalesFamily OrchidaceaeSubfamily OrchidoideaeSubtribe OrchidinaeGenus OrchisTourn ex L 1753Type speciesOrchis militarisL Sp Pl 943 1753SpeciesSee textSynonyms 1 Abrochis Neck Zoophora Bernh Strateuma Salisb Aceras R Br in W T Aiton Orchiaceras E G Camus Androrchis D Tyteca amp E Klein Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy 2 1 Species 2 2 Natural hybrids 2 3 Intergeneric hybrids 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksDescription EditThese terrestrial orchids have root tubers instead of pseudobulbs They are extremely diverse in appearance They produce an erect stem The inflorescence is a cylindrical to globular spike 5 15 cm 2 6 in long with yellow red to purple flowers They start flowering at the base slowly progressing upwards except for the Monkey orchid Orchis simia which flowers in reverse order The original genus Orchis used to contain more than 1 300 names Since it was polyphyletic it has been divided by Pridgeon et al into several new genera see Reference Ponerorchis Schizodium Steveniella They can be found in tropical Rainforest and semi desert regions near the seashore and in the tundra The majority of neotropical orchid species can be found in southern Central America northwest South AmericaTaxonomy EditSpecies Edit As of June 2014 update the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families accepts 21 species along with a number of subspecies 3 Orchis adenocheila Czerniak Iran Orchis anatolica Boiss Anatolian orchid Cyprus Turkey Southern Aegean Islands Syria Lebanon Israel Palestine Iran Orchis anthropophora L All Western Europe to Mediterranean Orchis brancifortii Biv Southern Italy Sicilia Sardinia Orchis galilaea Bornm amp M Schulze Schltr Turkey Syria Lebanon Israel Palestine Orchis italica Poir Man orchid Italian orchid Mediterranean Orchis mascula L L Early purple orchid N amp C Europe to Iran Canary Islands Orchis mascula subsp ichnusae Corrias Orchis mascula subsp laxifloriformis Rivas Goday amp B Rodr Orchis mascula subsp mascula Orchis mascula subsp scopulorum Summerh H Sund ex H Kretzschmar Eccarius amp H Dietr Orchis mascula subsp speciosa Mutel Hegi Orchis militaris L Military orchid Europe to Mongolia Orchis militaris subsp militaris Orchis militaris subsp stevenii Rchb f B Baumann amp al Orchis olbiensis Reut ex Gren NW Italy to NW Africa Orchis pallens L Pale flowered orchid Europe to Caucasus Orchis patens Desf Central Mediterranean to NW Africa Orchis patens subsp canariensis Lindl Asch amp Graebn Orchis patens subsp patens Orchis pauciflora Ten Albania Corsica Greece Italy Crete and Yugoslavia Orchis provincialis Balb ex Lam amp DC SC amp S Europe to Caucasus NW Africa Orchis punctulata Steven ex Lindl Small dotted orchid SE Europe to W Asia Orchis purpurea Huds Lady orchid purple orchid Europe to Caucasus Algeria Orchis purpurea subsp caucasica Regel B Baumann amp al Orchis purpurea subsp purpurea Orchis quadripunctata Cirillo ex Ten Four spotted orchid Sardinia to Eastern Mediterranean Orchis simia Lam Monkey orchid Europe to Iran N Africa Orchis simia subsp simia Orchis simia subsp taubertiana B Baumann amp H Baumann Kreutz Orchis sitiaca Renz P Delforge Orchis spitzelii Saut ex W D J Koch Spitzel s orchid Sweden Gotland E Spain to Caucasus NW Africa Orchis spitzelii subsp cazorlensis Lacaita D Rivera amp Lopez Velez Orchis spitzelii subsp nitidifolia W P Teschner Soo Orchis spitzelii subsp spitzelii Orchis troodi Renz P DelforgeNatural hybrids Edit As of June 2014 update the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families accepts 37 hybrid species along with a number of hybrid subspecies 3 Orchis algeriensis B Baumann amp H Baumann O patens O spitzelii Orchis angusticruris Franch O purpurea O simia Europe to Caucasus Orchis angusticruris nothosubsp angusticruris O purpurea subsp purpurea O simia Orchis angusticruris nothosubsp transcaucasica B Baumann amp al O purpurea subsp caucasuca O simia Orchis apollinaris W Rossi amp al O italica O simia Italy Orchis aurunca W Rossi amp Minut O pauciflora O provincialis Orchis bergonii Nanteuil O anthropophora O simia Western Mediterranean Orchis beyrichii Rchb f A Kern O militaris O simia Europe to Turkey Orchis beyrichii nothosubsp beyrichii O militaris subsp militaris O simia Orchis beyrichii nothosubsp golestanica Renz H Kretzschmar Eccarius amp H Dietr O militaris subsp stevenii O simia Orchis bispurium G Keller H Kretzschmar Eccarius amp H Dietr O anthropophora O militaris O purpurea Orchis bivonae Tod O anthropophora O italica Southern Europe Orchis buelii Wildh O provincialis O quadripunctata Orchis caesii De Angelis amp Fumanti O italica O purpurea Orchis calliantha Renz amp Taubenheim O punctulata O simia Turkey Orchis chabalensis B Baumann amp al O militaris subsp stevenii O punctulata Orchis colemanii Cortesi O mascula O pauciflora Orchis fallax De Not Willk O patens O provincialis Orchis fitzii Hautz O anatolica O mascula Turkey Orchis hybrida Lindl Boenn ex Rchb O militaris O purpurea Europe Orchis klopfensteiniae P Delforge O pallens O spitzelii SW Europe Orchis kretzschmariorum B Baumann amp H Baumann O anatolica O provincialis Orchis ligustica Ruppert O mascula O patens Mediterranean Orchis loreziana Brugger O mascula O pallens Europe Orchis loreziana nothosubsp kisslingii Beck Potucek O mascula subsp speciosa O pallens Eastern Europe Orchis loreziana nothosubsp loreziana O mascula subsp mascula O pallens Central Europe Orchis lucensis Antonetti amp Bertolini O pauciflora O simia Orchis macra Lindl O anthropophora O purpurea Europe Orchis orphanidesii E G Camus B Bock O anthropophora O mascula Orchis palanchonii G Foelsche amp W Foelsche O olbiensis O pauciflora Orchis penzigiana A Camus O mascula O provincialis Orchis penzigiana nothosubsp jailae Soo H Kretzschmar Eccarius amp H Dietr O mascula subsp speciosa O provincialis Orchis penzigiana nothosubsp penzigiana O mascula subsp mascula O provincialis Orchis penzigiana nothosubsp sardoa Scrugli amp M P Grasso O mascula subsp ichnusae O provincialis Orchis permixta Soo O mascula subsp signifera O pallens O provincialis Crimea Orchis petterssonii G Keller ex Pett O mascula O spitzelii Europe NW Africa Orchis petterssonii nothosubsp incantata P Delforge H Kretzschmar Eccarius amp H Dietr O mascula subsp laxifloriformis O spitzelii subsp cazorlensis Orchis petterssonii nothosubsp petterssonii O mascula subsp mascula O spitzelii subsp cazorlensis Orchis plessidiaca Renz O pallens O provincialis SE Europe to Krym Orchis pseudoanatolica H Fleischm O pauciflora O quadripunctata SE Europe Orchis schebestae Griebl O mascula O quadripunctata Orchis serraniana P Delforge O mascula subsp laxifloriformis O olbiensis Orchis sezikiana B Baumann amp H Baumann O anatolica O quadripunctata Orchis spuria Rchb f O anthropophora O militaris Europe Orchis thriftiensis Renz O anatolica O pauciflora Orchis tochniana Kreutz amp Scraton O italica O punctulata Cyprus Orchis willingiorum B Baumann amp H Baumann O provincialis O spitzelii Orchis wulffiana Soo O punctulata O purpurea Crimea to caucasus Orchis wulffiana nothosubsp suckowii Kumpel B Baumann amp al O punctulata O purpurea subsp caucasica Orchis wulffiana nothosubsp wulffiana O punctulata O purpurea subsp purpurea Intergeneric hybrids Edit Orchiophrys Ophrys x Orchis Orchiserapias Orchis x Serapias See also EditSalep List of taxa named after human genitalsReferences Edit a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Alberta Native Plant Council Rare Vascular Plants of Alberta 2001 p 52 at Google Books a b Search for Orchis World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 2014 06 29 Pridgeon A M R M Bateman A V Cox J R Hapeman amp M W Chase 1997 Phylogenetics of subtribe Orchidinae Orchidoideae Orchidaceae based on nuclear ITS sequences 1 Intergeneric relationships and polyphyly of Orchis sensu lato Lindleyana 12 2 89 109 Bateman R M Pridgeon A M Chase M W 1997 Phylogenetics of subtribe Orchidinae Orchidoideae Orchidaceae based on nuclear ITS sequences 2 Infrageneric relationships and reclassification to achieve monophyly of Orchis sensu stricto Lindleyana 12 113 141 Wucherpfennig W 1999 Gedanken zu einer Neuordnung der Gattung Orchis L Nachtrag Jour Eur Orch 31 329 346 in German Aceto S Caputo P Cozzolino S Gaudio L Moretti A 1999 Phylogeny and evolution of Orchis and allied genera based on ITS DNA variation morphological gaps and molecular continuity Mol Phylogenet Evol 13 1 67 76 doi 10 1006 mpev 1999 0628 PMID 10508540 External links Edit Media related to Orchis at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Orchis at Wikispecies Orchis picture database Orchis genera in Turkey Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Orchis amp oldid 1136265243, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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