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Olé

April 11, 2024

For other uses, see OLE.

¡Ole! or ¡olé! is a Spanish interjection used to cheer on or praise a performance, especially associated with the audience of bullfighting and flamenco dance. The word is also commonly used in many other contexts in Spain, and has become closely associated with the country; therefore it is often used outside Spain in cultural representation of the Spanish people.[1] In some Latin American countries, but not in Spain, it may be used as a term of mockery. In football, it can be used both as a form of mockery or encouragement depending on the context the word is used, and it is also frequently used as a football chant outside Spain as in "Olé, Olé, Olé".

The olé interjection

Etymology edit

The origin of the word olé is uncertain. A popular idea is that the word comes from Allāh,[2] the Arabic word for God, perhaps as wa Ilâh (by God), or yāllāh (O God).[3] The linguist Joan Coromines in his Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico links olé to the Spanish word for "hello" hola and hala.[4] Hola has also been proposed to have come from Arabic.[3] However, the suggested derivations from Arabic of both olé and hola are disputed and they are described by the Spanish Arabist Federico Corriente as "falsos arabismos" (false Arabisms) in his work Diccionario de arabismos y voces afines en iberorromance.[3][5] The Spanish dictionary Diccionario de la lengua española that stated the wa Ilâh origin of olé in its earlier editions has removed the claim since 2001.[3]

The word is also proposed to have originated from Greek ὀλολυγή (ololigi) to describe a "ritual cry",[6] which became Hispanicized into olé meaning "bravo!" and used to express an appreciation of an outstanding performance in Spanish.[7] However, the word is attested to only once in Ancient Greek, derived From verb meaning disastrous, with negative connotations and not used repeatedly as is the current practice, nor are there any records of it ever being used a in a similar fashion to express admiration or satisfaction in Greek the way it is currently used in Spanish.[citation needed] Another suggestion is that it came from the Biblical story of Jacob and the two sisters Leah and Rachel, where Jacob was deceived into marrying Leah and said "Oh, Leah" when her identity was revealed, which turned into ole.[8]

The word ole may be pronounced with or without the accent on the "e"; it may be paroxytone (written as ole), though sometimes it can be oxytone (then written olé).[8] The word is believed to have deep root in Andalusia and from there it spread to Madrid, and the acute accent in olé may be more proper in Andalusian and flamenco.[9] In Andalusia, a number of words similar in meaning to olé are also used: ojú, ozú and arza.[8]

Use in flamenco edit

 
"El Olé, the Spanish national dance," with image of Pepita de Oliva. Sheet music, 1850s.

In flamenco music and dance, shouts of "olé" often accompany the dancer during the performance as encouragement or praise, and at the end of the performance. A singer in cante jondo may also emphasize the word "olé" with melismatic turns.[7][10]

Some believed that "ole" originated when the audience exclaimed "Allah" because the presence and power of God could be glimpsed through an exceptional performance in a flamenco dance.[7][11] It has also been argued that when Flamenco dancers chant the word in cante jondo, they were reciting the beginning of the Shahada ("la illaha illa Allah") and that they were performing a Muwashshah.[12][13]

Use in sport edit

Bullfighting edit

In bullfighting, "olé" is commonly shouted spontaneously by the crowds as a cry of approval in response to a matador's performance.[14] The spectators may cheer on a series of moves (such as chicuelinas and derechazos) performed by the bullfighter, with each move greeted with an "olé".[15] The crowd may lengthen the vowels into "Ooooooleeeee" when a bull follows the cape of the matador.[8]

Football edit

The word Olé has also become associated with other sports since the 20th century. In association football, "Olé" as an interjection as used in bullfighting is believed to be first used in Brazil for Garrincha in 1958.[16] The word may be chanted by a crowd for a team or player who made an exceptional performance, and it may be used to demean the opposition when their own team put on a dominant performance, or when someone failed in an attempt to achieve their aim.

Since the 1980s, it is commonly used in football in the form of the "Olé, Olé, Olé" chant, which is sung to a tune rather than the series of isolated spoken exclamations as used in bullfighting. A similar form was heard in Spain in league game in 1982, and this version quickly spread to other clubs.[17] This form was first sung in San Sebastián as "Campeones, hobe, hobe, hobe" (hobe means "the best" in Basque) when Real Sociedad won the 1982 La Liga title,[18] but sung in other parts of Spain as "Oé, Oé, Oé",[19] and in other European countries outside of Spain as "Ole, Ole, Ole".[20]

The current popular version of the "Olé, Olé, Olé" chant, however, was first used in a Belgian song "Anderlecht Champion" initially as "Allez, Allez, Allez, Allez" in French,[21] which morphed into the Spanish "Olé, Olé, Olé, Olé" in a version of the song used for the 1986 FIFA World Cup, hosted in Mexico.[22] This version of the chant quickly spread and is now commonly used by fans in association football worldwide; for example, has been used by the supporters of the Republic of Ireland national football team.[23][24] The chant is also used by fans of other sport, such as the hockey team Montreal Canadiens at the Bell Centre and the Welsh rugby union.[25][26] This chant has also been used in non-sporting events around the world.[22]

References edit

  1. ^ Landmann, Julia (2018). The Influence of Spanish on the English Language since 1801: A Lexical Investigation. 9781527510272. p. 268. ISBN 9781527510272.
  2. ^ "olé". Wiktionary. 18 March 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d Kaye, Alan S. (2005). "Two Alleged Arabic Etymologies". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 64 (2): 109–111. doi:10.1086/431686. S2CID 161666814.
  4. ^ Coromines, Joan; Pascual, José Antonio. Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico. Gredos. ¡ole!. Probablemente es lo mismo que el hole americano, empleado para llamar, variante de hola y hala, todas ellas de creación expresiva.
  5. ^ Corriente, Federico (1999). Diccionario de Arabismos y Voces Afines en Iberorromance (Dictionary of Arabisms and Related Words in Ibero-Romance). Gredo. pp. 485–596.
  6. ^ "OLÉ". Etimologías de Chile - Diccionario que explica el origen de las palabras. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  7. ^ a b c "The Story of Olé". Alta. 20 February 2009.
  8. ^ a b c d "¡Olé! – Meaning, origin and use of Olé in Spanish: EP148". Spanish Podcast. 24 September 2015.
  9. ^ Coromines, Joan; Pascual, José Antonio. Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico. Gredos. Como interjección empleada para animar tiene gran arraigo en Andalucía, pero pronto se hizo popular en Madrid [...] Más propiamente andaluza y flamenca es la acentuación olé
  10. ^ Parkinson, Alice (2007). Music. Lotus Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-8189093501.
  11. ^ "Your elusive creative genius". Elizabeth Gilbert. February 2009.
  12. ^ "LOS CROMOSOMAS POÉTICOS ANDALUCES". www.papel-literario.com. Retrieved 2021-02-07.
  13. ^ "La huella morisca en la cultura andaluza - YouTube". www.youtube.com. Retrieved 2021-02-07.
  14. ^ Marvin, Garry (1994). Bullfight. University of Illinois Press. p. 29. ISBN 9781439833322 – via Google Books.
  15. ^ Frontain, Eick (1966). Farris, J. Kelly (ed.). How to Enjoy a Bull Fight. Hooper Press.
  16. ^ Ambrósio, Tauan (20 September 2018). "'He had left the ball behind' - The day Garrincha gave 'Ole' to football". Goal.
  17. ^ Baker, Alex (21 June 2014). "Soccer chants heard at the Brazil World Cup explained". Yahoo Sports.
  18. ^ ""Me siento feliz" (Arconada)". La Vanguardia. 26 April 1982.
  19. ^ Dublin, Jared (4 May 2012). "Campeones! Campeones! Live from Madrid, Real Madrid Celebrations at Cibeles: Part 2". Managing Madrid.
  20. ^ Worrall, Mark; Barker, Kelvin; Johnstone, David (2013). Making History, Not Reliving It. Gate 17. p. 288. ISBN 9780955745980.
  21. ^ "Hoe wijlen showbizzproducer Roland Verlooven de wereld aan een voetballied hielp". Focus. 11 March 2017.
  22. ^ a b "Canvas brengt jubileumreeks van Belpop". VRT. 30 September 2020.
  23. ^ Fitzgerald, Thomas S.; Rojas, Diana; Shuman, Marah (1994-06-19). "A Great Day for the Irish as Italy is Defeated, 1–0". The Record (Bergen County, NJ). Banging on bodhran drums, the Irish were on their feet – an hour before game time. They chanted, "Ole, ole," their national football cheer, imported from Spain
  24. ^ Doyle, John (June 7, 2002). "Green Army conquering with smiles". The Globe and Mail.
  25. ^ Gordon, Sean (9 February 2013). "Leafs embarrass Habs 6-0 in fight-filled game". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved Sep 7, 2020.
  26. ^ Beacon, Bill (20 April 2010). "Capitals defeat Canadiens 5-1". Montreal. Retrieved 2 April 2023.

External links edit

  • Claim for the etymology of olé from Allaah (Allah, God)

April 11, 2024
olé, other, uses, olé, spanish, interjection, used, cheer, praise, performance, especially, associated, with, audience, bullfighting, flamenco, dance, word, also, commonly, used, many, other, contexts, spain, become, closely, associated, with, country, therefo. For other uses see OLE Ole or ole is a Spanish interjection used to cheer on or praise a performance especially associated with the audience of bullfighting and flamenco dance The word is also commonly used in many other contexts in Spain and has become closely associated with the country therefore it is often used outside Spain in cultural representation of the Spanish people 1 In some Latin American countries but not in Spain it may be used as a term of mockery In football it can be used both as a form of mockery or encouragement depending on the context the word is used and it is also frequently used as a football chant outside Spain as in Ole Ole Ole The ole interjection Contents 1 Etymology 2 Use in flamenco 3 Use in sport 3 1 Bullfighting 3 2 Football 4 References 5 External linksEtymology editThe origin of the word ole is uncertain A popular idea is that the word comes from Allah 2 the Arabic word for God perhaps as wa Ilah by God or yallah O God 3 The linguist Joan Coromines in his Diccionario critico etimologico castellano e hispanico links ole to the Spanish word for hello hola and hala 4 Hola has also been proposed to have come from Arabic 3 However the suggested derivations from Arabic of both ole and hola are disputed and they are described by the Spanish Arabist Federico Corriente as falsos arabismos false Arabisms in his work Diccionario de arabismos y voces afines en iberorromance 3 5 The Spanish dictionary Diccionario de la lengua espanola that stated the wa Ilah origin of ole in its earlier editions has removed the claim since 2001 3 The word is also proposed to have originated from Greek ὀlolygh ololigi to describe a ritual cry 6 which became Hispanicized into ole meaning bravo and used to express an appreciation of an outstanding performance in Spanish 7 However the word is attested to only once in Ancient Greek derived From verb meaning disastrous with negative connotations and not used repeatedly as is the current practice nor are there any records of it ever being used a in a similar fashion to express admiration or satisfaction in Greek the way it is currently used in Spanish citation needed Another suggestion is that it came from the Biblical story of Jacob and the two sisters Leah and Rachel where Jacob was deceived into marrying Leah and said Oh Leah when her identity was revealed which turned into ole 8 The word ole may be pronounced with or without the accent on the e it may be paroxytone written as ole though sometimes it can be oxytone then written ole 8 The word is believed to have deep root in Andalusia and from there it spread to Madrid and the acute accent in ole may be more proper in Andalusian and flamenco 9 In Andalusia a number of words similar in meaning to ole are also used oju ozu and arza 8 Use in flamenco edit nbsp El Ole the Spanish national dance with image of Pepita de Oliva Sheet music 1850s In flamenco music and dance shouts of ole often accompany the dancer during the performance as encouragement or praise and at the end of the performance A singer in cante jondo may also emphasize the word ole with melismatic turns 7 10 Some believed that ole originated when the audience exclaimed Allah because the presence and power of God could be glimpsed through an exceptional performance in a flamenco dance 7 11 It has also been argued that when Flamenco dancers chant the word in cante jondo they were reciting the beginning of the Shahada la illaha illa Allah and that they were performing a Muwashshah 12 13 Use in sport editBullfighting edit In bullfighting ole is commonly shouted spontaneously by the crowds as a cry of approval in response to a matador s performance 14 The spectators may cheer on a series of moves such as chicuelina s and derechazos performed by the bullfighter with each move greeted with an ole 15 The crowd may lengthen the vowels into Ooooooleeeee when a bull follows the cape of the matador 8 Football edit The word Ole has also become associated with other sports since the 20th century In association football Ole as an interjection as used in bullfighting is believed to be first used in Brazil for Garrincha in 1958 16 The word may be chanted by a crowd for a team or player who made an exceptional performance and it may be used to demean the opposition when their own team put on a dominant performance or when someone failed in an attempt to achieve their aim Since the 1980s it is commonly used in football in the form of the Ole Ole Ole chant which is sung to a tune rather than the series of isolated spoken exclamations as used in bullfighting A similar form was heard in Spain in league game in 1982 and this version quickly spread to other clubs 17 This form was first sung in San Sebastian as Campeones hobe hobe hobe hobe means the best in Basque when Real Sociedad won the 1982 La Liga title 18 but sung in other parts of Spain as Oe Oe Oe 19 and in other European countries outside of Spain as Ole Ole Ole 20 The current popular version of the Ole Ole Ole chant however was first used in a Belgian song Anderlecht Champion initially as Allez Allez Allez Allez in French 21 which morphed into the Spanish Ole Ole Ole Ole in a version of the song used for the 1986 FIFA World Cup hosted in Mexico 22 This version of the chant quickly spread and is now commonly used by fans in association football worldwide for example has been used by the supporters of the Republic of Ireland national football team 23 24 The chant is also used by fans of other sport such as the hockey team Montreal Canadiens at the Bell Centre and the Welsh rugby union 25 26 This chant has also been used in non sporting events around the world 22 References edit Landmann Julia 2018 The Influence of Spanish on the English Language since 1801 A Lexical Investigation 9781527510272 p 268 ISBN 9781527510272 ole Wiktionary 18 March 2023 a b c d Kaye Alan S 2005 Two Alleged Arabic Etymologies Journal of Near Eastern Studies 64 2 109 111 doi 10 1086 431686 S2CID 161666814 Coromines Joan Pascual Jose Antonio Diccionario critico etimologico castellano e hispanico Gredos ole Probablemente es lo mismo que el hole americano empleado para llamar variante de hola y hala todas ellas de creacion expresiva Corriente Federico 1999 Diccionario de Arabismos y Voces Afines en Iberorromance Dictionary of Arabisms and Related Words in Ibero Romance Gredo pp 485 596 OLE Etimologias de Chile Diccionario que explica el origen de las palabras Retrieved 2 April 2023 a b c The Story of Ole Alta 20 February 2009 a b c d Ole Meaning origin and use of Ole in Spanish EP148 Spanish Podcast 24 September 2015 Coromines Joan Pascual Jose Antonio Diccionario critico etimologico castellano e hispanico Gredos Como interjeccion empleada para animar tiene gran arraigo en Andalucia pero pronto se hizo popular en Madrid Mas propiamente andaluza y flamenca es la acentuacion ole Parkinson Alice 2007 Music Lotus Press p 49 ISBN 978 8189093501 Your elusive creative genius Elizabeth Gilbert February 2009 LOS CROMOSOMAS POETICOS ANDALUCES www papel literario com Retrieved 2021 02 07 La huella morisca en la cultura andaluza YouTube www youtube com Retrieved 2021 02 07 Marvin Garry 1994 Bullfight University of Illinois Press p 29 ISBN 9781439833322 via Google Books Frontain Eick 1966 Farris J Kelly ed How to Enjoy a Bull Fight Hooper Press Ambrosio Tauan 20 September 2018 He had left the ball behind The day Garrincha gave Ole to football Goal Baker Alex 21 June 2014 Soccer chants heard at the Brazil World Cup explained Yahoo Sports Me siento feliz Arconada La Vanguardia 26 April 1982 Dublin Jared 4 May 2012 Campeones Campeones Live from Madrid Real Madrid Celebrations at Cibeles Part 2 Managing Madrid Worrall Mark Barker Kelvin Johnstone David 2013 Making History Not Reliving It Gate 17 p 288 ISBN 9780955745980 Hoe wijlen showbizzproducer Roland Verlooven de wereld aan een voetballied hielp Focus 11 March 2017 a b Canvas brengt jubileumreeks van Belpop VRT 30 September 2020 Fitzgerald Thomas S Rojas Diana Shuman Marah 1994 06 19 A Great Day for the Irish as Italy is Defeated 1 0 The Record Bergen County NJ Banging on bodhran drums the Irish were on their feet an hour before game time They chanted Ole ole their national football cheer imported from Spain Doyle John June 7 2002 Green Army conquering with smiles The Globe and Mail Gordon Sean 9 February 2013 Leafs embarrass Habs 6 0 in fight filled game The Globe and Mail Retrieved Sep 7 2020 Beacon Bill 20 April 2010 Capitals defeat Canadiens 5 1 Montreal Retrieved 2 April 2023 External links editOle Allah and all Claim for the etymology of ole from Allaah Allah God Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ole amp oldid 1217181089, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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