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October–December 1590 papal conclave

April 27, 2024

The October to December 1590 papal conclave (8 October – 5 December) was the second conclave of 1590, and the one during which Gregory XIV was elected as the successor of Urban VII. This conclave was marked by unprecedented royal interference from Philip II of Spain.

Papal conclave
October–December 1590
Dates and location
8 October – 5 December 1590
Apostolic Palace, Papal States
Key officials
DeanGiovanni Antonio Serbelloni
Sub-deanAlfonso Gesualdo
CamerlengoEnrico Caetani
ProtopriestMark Sittich von Hohenems Altemps
ProtodeaconAndreas von Österreich
Election
VetoedIppolito Aldobrandini, Vincenzo Lauro, ...
Elected pope
Niccolò Sfondrati
Name taken: Gregory XIV
1591 →

The pontificate of Urban VII edit

Urban VII was elected as pope on 15 September 1590. On 27 September 1590 he died due to malaria infection after only 12 days of his pontificate before he could be crowned, giving him the shortest papacy in history. His death was deeply mourned by the poor from Rome who inherited his wealth.[1]

Participants edit

The conclave after the death of Urban VII was attended by all the cardinals who took part in his election, with the exception of Cardinal Federico Cornaro (who had died on 4 October). Protodeacon Andreas von Österreich and Camerlengo Enrico Caetani also came to Rome. Of the 65 total cardinals, 54 took part in conclave.:[2]

Twenty-four electors were nominees of Sixtus V, fifteen of Gregory XIII, six of Pius V, eight of Pius IV, and one of Julius III.

Absentees edit

Eleven cardinals were absent:

Seven of them were appointed by Gregory XIII and four by Sixtus V.

Divisions and candidates edit

As during the previous conclave there were three large factions:[3]

  • Spanish faction – political supporters of Spain. The core of the party was formed by Cardinals Madruzzo (faction leader), Deza, Mendoza, Tagliavia d'Aragona, Spinola, Marchntonio Colonna, Ascanio Colonna, Gallio, Pellevé, Santori, Rusticucci, Sfondrati, Paleotti, Simoncelli, Facchinetti, Carafa, Allen, Cusani, Giovanni Vincenzo Gonzaga, Scipione Gonzaga, Andreas von Österreich and Caetani;
  • Sistine faction – nominees of Sixtus V who were led by his grandnephew Alessandro Peretti de Montalto. The members of this faction were Cardinals Castrucci, Pinelli, Aldobrandini, della Rovere, Bernerio, Galli, Sarnano, Rossi, Sauli, Pallotta, Morosini, Pierbenedetti, Petrocchini, Matei, Giustiniani, Borromeo, del Monte and Pepoli;
  • Gregorians – nominees of Gregory XIII: Sforza, Medici, Canani, Salviati, Valeri, Lauro, Lancelotti. Cardinal Sforza, the leader of this faction, was related by marriage to Gregory XIII.

There were two small groups practising nepotism. One was related to Pius IV (Sitticus von Hohenems, Serbelloni, Gesualdo i Avalos d'Aragona) and the other to Pius V (Bonelli, Albani). Due to the small size of the groups they almost did not play any major role and the majority of nominees of these Popes became part of the Spanish faction.

The Cardinals who were considered as papabile were Serbelloni, Marchntonio Colonna, Gallio, Paleotto, Madruzzo, Santori, Facchinetti, Sfondrati, Valier, Lauro, della Rovere.[4]

In the context of this conclave, the Prophecy of the Popes was forged, probably in order to support Cardinal Girolamo Simoncelli's bid for the papacy.[5][6]

Interference from Philip II of Spain edit

On 6 October, even before the conclave had started, the Spanish ambassador Olivares gave the Cardinals the official recommendations of King Philip II. They contained two lists of names. The first one had seven names: Madruzzo, Santori, Facchinetti, Sfondrati, Paleotti, Gallio and Marcantonio Colonna. The king’s official will was a choice of one of those seven names. The second list contained the names of 30 cardinals, who Philip II put a clear veto on. The subjects from Madrid were banned from voting against the king’s recommendations. Philip II wished to secure his claim to the French throne by gaining power over The Holy See. Although in the past, secular monarchs had many times and in different ways tried to influence the election of popes, such an explicit interference was unprecedented. It was the beginning of what in the seventeenth century was considered as Jus exclusivae.[7]

Conclave edit

The conclave began on 8 October, with 52 cardinals. A few days later, Camerlengo Caetani joined them after his return from France, and on 13 October Cardinal Andreas von Österreich arrived.[8] Cardinal Mantalto nominated Ippolito Aldobrandini but Cardinal Madruzzo, who was the leader of the Spanish faction, and according to the will of King Philip II, effectively torpedoed this candidacy. The nomination of Cardinal Vincenzo Lauro, which was proposed by Montalo and Sforza, suffered the same fate.[9]

On 12 October, a rumor broke in Rome that Marco Antonio Colonna was elected the new Pope. His nomination did take place but did not receive the majority of votes, due to the opposition of Sforza and his faction. The Spanish did not want to support him either. Although Colonna was one of Philip II's choices, unofficially it was known that both he and Gallio were not popular in Madrid and their election was unlikely.[10]

On 15 October, the Spanish faction took the initiative and nominated its leader Madruzzo. The candidacy met with strong opposition from the Sforza, d'Aragony and the Venetian cardinals. Objections against Madruzzo included his close ties with the king of Spain, his poor state of health (he was impaired by gout), and even his origin (his mother was German).[11]

After the rejection of Madruzzo, Cardinal Montalto offered the Spanish faction five names — Aldobrandini, Lauro, Valiero, Salviati and Medici — and asked them to pick one. As King Philip had rejected all five of them, none of them were chosen.

As a result of the prolonged sede vacante, more and more chaos reigned on the streets. During November, disagreements among the Cardinals increased instead of decreasing. The main opponent of the Spanish faction was Cardinal Montalto.[12]

At the end of November, the majority of cardinals gradually came to the conclusion that no matter how outrageous the interference of Philip II, without the support of his followers there was no chance to elect a Pope, so it would be better to choose someone from his list. On 4 December, therefore, supported by the Madrid faction, Cardinal Paleotti received 33 votes (he needed another three to win). Montalto did not prefer Paleotti, so together with Sforza he came to the conclusion that in order to prevent his election, they needed to support either Sfondrati or Facchinetti. In the end, they decided to elect Sfondrati.[13]

Election of Gregory XIV edit

On the morning of 5 December 1590, after nearly two months' conclave, 55-year-old Cardinal Niccolo Sfondrati, Bishop of Cremona, was elected Pope, and chose the name Gregory XIV.[14] His coronation took place on 8 December 1590.[15]

Notes edit

  1. ^ Pastor, p. 323-333.
  2. ^ Pastor, p. 339; Sede Vacante 1590; Chacón, col. 203–204 and 214; compare Eubel, p. 53, which excluded Caetanii.
  3. ^ Pastor, p. 35-319, 334.
  4. ^ Pastor, p. 333.
  5. ^ Boyle, Alan (12 February 2013). . NBC News. Archived from the original on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
  6. ^ Sieczkowski, Cavan (14 February 2013). "St. Malachy Last Pope Prophecy: What Theologians Think About 12th-Century Prediction". Huffington Post Canada. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
  7. ^ Pastor, p. 335-336, 340–341; Sede Vacante 1590.
  8. ^ Pastor, p. 339; Chacón, col. 213; Sede Vacante 1590.
  9. ^ Sede Vacante 1590; Pastor, p. 339-340.
  10. ^ Pastor, p. 336, 338, 341–342; Sede Vacante 1590.
  11. ^ Pastor, p. 342-343.
  12. ^ Pastor, p. 343–346.
  13. ^ Pastor, p. 346–348.
  14. ^ Pastor, p. 348; Eubel, p. 53; Sede Vacante 1590; Chacón, col. 214.
  15. ^ Eubel, p. 53; Sede Vacante 1590; Chacón, col. 214.

Sources edit

  • Von Pastor, Lugwig (1932). "History of the Popes", V. 22. London
  • Chacón, Alfonso (1677). "Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et P R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max," V. IV. Rome (Latin)
  • Eubel, Konrad (1922) "Hierarchia Catholica." V. IV. Padwa (Latin)

External links edit

April 27, 2024
october, december, 1590, papal, conclave, october, december, 1590, papal, conclave, october, december, second, conclave, 1590, during, which, gregory, elected, successor, urban, this, conclave, marked, unprecedented, royal, interference, from, philip, spain, p. The October to December 1590 papal conclave 8 October 5 December was the second conclave of 1590 and the one during which Gregory XIV was elected as the successor of Urban VII This conclave was marked by unprecedented royal interference from Philip II of Spain Papal conclaveOctober December 1590Dates and location8 October 5 December 1590Apostolic Palace Papal StatesKey officialsDeanGiovanni Antonio SerbelloniSub deanAlfonso GesualdoCamerlengoEnrico CaetaniProtopriestMark Sittich von Hohenems AltempsProtodeaconAndreas von OsterreichElectionVetoedIppolito Aldobrandini Vincenzo Lauro Elected popeNiccolo SfondratiName taken Gregory XIV September 15901591 Contents 1 The pontificate of Urban VII 2 Participants 2 1 Absentees 3 Divisions and candidates 4 Interference from Philip II of Spain 5 Conclave 6 Election of Gregory XIV 7 Notes 8 Sources 9 External linksThe pontificate of Urban VII editUrban VII was elected as pope on 15 September 1590 On 27 September 1590 he died due to malaria infection after only 12 days of his pontificate before he could be crowned giving him the shortest papacy in history His death was deeply mourned by the poor from Rome who inherited his wealth 1 Participants editThe conclave after the death of Urban VII was attended by all the cardinals who took part in his election with the exception of Cardinal Federico Cornaro who had died on 4 October Protodeacon Andreas von Osterreich and Camerlengo Enrico Caetani also came to Rome Of the 65 total cardinals 54 took part in conclave 2 Giovanni Antonio Serbelloni nominated on 31 January 1560 Cardinal Bishop of Ostia and Velletri Dean of the Sacred College of the Cardinals prefect of the Congregation of Ceremonies Alfonso Gesualdo 26 February 1561 Cardinal Bishop of Porto and S Rufina Subdean of the Sacred College of Cardinals prefect of the Sacred Congregation of Rites Innico d Avalos d Aragona O S Iacobis 26 February 1561 Cardinal Bishop of Frascati Marco Antonio Colonna 12 March 1565 Cardinal Bishop of Palestrina legate of Campagna and Marittima archpriest of St John Lateran s Basilica Tolomeo Gallio 12 March 1565 Cardinal Bishop of Sabina Gabriele Paleotti 12 March 1565 Cardinal Bishop Albano archbishop of Bologna Markus Sitticus von Hohenems 26 February 1561 Cardinal Priest of S Maria in Trastevere Protopriest of the Sacred College of Cardinals Michele Bonelli O P 6 March 1566 Cardinal Priest of S Lorenzo in Lucina Vicar General for the Vatican City State vice rector of Sabaudia Grand prior in Rome of the Sovereign Order of Malta Ludovico Madruzzo 26 February 1561 Cardinal Priest of S Anastasia Bishop of Trento Cardinal protector of Germany Giulio Antonio Santori 17 May 1570 Cardinal Priest of S Bartolomeo all Isola Grand Inquisitor of the Supreme Sacred Congregation for the Roman and Universal Inquisition and the French Congregation Archbishop of S Severina Girolamo Rusticucci 17 May 1570 Cardinal Priest of S Susanna vicar general of the diocese of Rome Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals Nicolas de Pelleve 17 May 1570 Cardinal Priest of S Prassede prefect of the Sacred Consistorial Congregation Archbishop of Sens Gian Girolamo Albani 17 May 1570 Cardinal Priest of S Giovanni a Porta Latina governor of the Bagnoreggio Girolamo Simoncelli 22 December 1553 Cardinal Priest of S Prisca administrator of Orvieto Pedro de Deza 21 February 1578 Cardinal Priest of S Girolamo degli Schiavoni Antonio Carafa 24 March 1568 Cardinal Priest of S Giovanni e Paolo Prefect of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature Prefect of the S C of the Tridentine Council Librarian of the Holy Roman Church Giovan Antonio Facchinetti 12 December 1583 Cardinal Priest of SS IV Coronati Alessandro Ottaviano de Medici 12 December 1583 Cardinal Priest of S Ciriaco alla Terme Archbishop of Florence Giulio Canani 12 December 1583 Cardinal Priest of S Eusebio Bishop of Adria Niccolo Sfondrati 12 December 1583 Cardinal Priest of S Cecilia Bishop of Cremona Antonmaria Salviati 12 December 1583 Cardinal Priest of S Maria della Pace Agostino Valier 12 December 1583 Cardinal Priest of S Marco Bishop of Verona Vincenzo Lauro 12 December 1583 Cardinal Priest of S Clemente Bishop of Mondovi Filippo Spinola 12 December 1583 Cardinal Priest of S Sabina Prefect of the Congregation for Propagation of the Faith legate in Umbria Perugia and Spoleto Simeone Tagliavia d Aragona 12 December 1583 Cardinal Priest of S Maria degli Angeli Scipione Lancelotti 12 December 1583 Cardinal Priest of S Salvatore in Lauro The secretary for Latin letters Giovanni Vincenzo Gonzaga O S Io Hieros 21 February 1578 Cardinal Priest of S Alessio Enrico Caetani 18 December 1585 Cardinal Priest of S Pudenziana Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church Latin Patriarch of Alexandria Giovanni Battista Castrucci 18 December 1585 Cardinal Priest of S Maria in Aracoeli Archbishop of Chieti Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura Domenico Pinelli 18 December 1585 Cardinal Priest of S Lorenzo in Panisperna Archpriest of St John Lateran s Basilica legate of papal galleys Ippolito Aldobrandini 18 December 1585 Cardinal Priest of The Papal Basilica of St Pancrazio Outside the Walls Apostolic Penitentiary Girolamo della Rovere 16 November 1586 Cardinal Priest of S Pietro in Vincoli Archbishop of Turin Girolamo Bernerio O P 16 November 1586 Cardinal Priest of S Maria sopra Minerva Bishop of Ascoli Piceno Antonio Maria Gallio 16 November 1586 Cardinal Priest of S Agnese in Agone Bishop of Perugia legate in Romania Costanzo Buttafoco da Sarnano O F M Conv 16 November 1586 Cardinal Priest of S Pietro in Montorio Ippolito de Rossi 18 December 1585 Cardinal Priest of S Biagio dell Anello Bishop of Pavia William Allen 7 August 1587 Cardinal Priest of S Silvestro a Martino ai Monti Scipione Gonzaga 18 December 1587 Cardinal Priest of S Maria del Popolo Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem Antonio Maria Sauli 18 December 1587 Cardinal Priest of SS Vitale Gervasio e Protasio Archbishop of Genoa Giovanni Evangelista Pallotta 18 December 1587 Cardinal Priest of S Mateo in Merulana Archbishop of Cosenza the Archpriest of the Vatican Basilica and prefect of Fabric of Saint Peter Juan Hurtado de Mendoza 18 December 1587 Cardinal Priest of S Maria Transpontina cardinal protector of Spain Giovan Francesco Morosini 15 July 1588 Cardinal Priest of S Maria in Via Bishop of Brescia Mariano Pierbenedetti 20 December 1589 Cardinal Priest of SS Marcellino e Pietro Bishop of Martorano Gregorio Petrocchini O E S A 20 December 1589 Cardinal Priest of S Agostino Andreas von Austria 19 November 1576 Cardinal Deacon of S Maria Nuova Protodeacon of Sacred College of Cardinals Bishop of Constance Bishop Coadjutor of Brixen cardinal protector of Austria Francesco Sforza di Santa Fiora 12 December 1583 Cardinal Deacon of S Maria in Via Lata Alessandro Peretti de Montalto 13 May 1585 Cardinal Deacon of S Lorenzo in Damaso Vice Chancellors of the Holy Roman Church legate in Bologna cardinal protector of Poland Girolamo Matei 16 November 1586 Cardinal Deacon of S Eustachio pro prefect of the Sacred congregation of the Council of Trent Benedetto Giustiniani 16 November 1586 Cardinal Deacon of S Maria in Cosmedin Ascanio Colonna 16 November 1586 Cardinal Deacon of S Nicola in Carcere Tulliano Federico Borromeo 18 December 1587 Cardinal Deacon of S Agata in Suburra Francesco Maria Bourbon del Monte 14 December 1588 Cardinal Deacon of S Maria in Domnica Agostino Cusani 14 December 1588 Cardinal Deacon of S Adriano Guido Pepoli 20 December 1589 Cardinal Deacon of San Cosma e Damiano Twenty four electors were nominees of Sixtus V fifteen of Gregory XIII six of Pius V eight of Pius IV and one of Julius III Absentees edit Eleven cardinals were absent Gaspar de Quiroga y Vila 15 December 1578 Cardinal Priest of S Balbina Archbishop of Toledo and Primate of Spain Inquisitor General of the Spanish Inquisition Albrecht VII Habsburg 3 March 1577 Cardinal Priest of S Croce in Gerusalemme Inquisitor General of the Portuguese Inquisition Viceroy of Portugal Rodrigo de Castro Osorio 12 December 1583 Cardinal Priest of SS XII Apostoli Archbishop of Seville Charles II de Bourbon Vendome 12 December 1583 Cardinal Priest Archbishop of Rouen administrator of Diocese of Bayeux Francois de Joyeuse 12 December 1583 Cardinal Priest of SS Trinita al Monte Pincio Archbishop of Toulouse cardinal protector of France Jerzy Radziwill 12 December 1583 Cardinal Priest of S Sisto Bishop of Vilnius Philippe de Lenoncourt 16 November 1586 Cardinal Priest of S Onofrio prefect of The Congregation of the Index Pierre de Gondi 18 December 1587 Cardinal Priest of S Silvestro in Capite Bishop of Paris Andrew Bathory 4 July 1584 Cardinal Deacon of S Angelo in Pescheria Bishop of Warmia Bishop coadjutor of Krakow Hugues Loubenx de Verdalle O S Io Hieros 18 December 1587 Cardinal Deacon of Santa Maria in Portico prefect of papal galleys Grand prior in Rome of the Sovereign Order of Malta Charles de Lorraine 20 December 1589 Cardinal Deacon Bishop of Metz Seven of them were appointed by Gregory XIII and four by Sixtus V Divisions and candidates editAs during the previous conclave there were three large factions 3 Spanish faction political supporters of Spain The core of the party was formed by Cardinals Madruzzo faction leader Deza Mendoza Tagliavia d Aragona Spinola Marchntonio Colonna Ascanio Colonna Gallio Pelleve Santori Rusticucci Sfondrati Paleotti Simoncelli Facchinetti Carafa Allen Cusani Giovanni Vincenzo Gonzaga Scipione Gonzaga Andreas von Osterreich and Caetani Sistine faction nominees of Sixtus V who were led by his grandnephew Alessandro Peretti de Montalto The members of this faction were Cardinals Castrucci Pinelli Aldobrandini della Rovere Bernerio Galli Sarnano Rossi Sauli Pallotta Morosini Pierbenedetti Petrocchini Matei Giustiniani Borromeo del Monte and Pepoli Gregorians nominees of Gregory XIII Sforza Medici Canani Salviati Valeri Lauro Lancelotti Cardinal Sforza the leader of this faction was related by marriage to Gregory XIII There were two small groups practising nepotism One was related to Pius IV Sitticus von Hohenems Serbelloni Gesualdo i Avalos d Aragona and the other to Pius V Bonelli Albani Due to the small size of the groups they almost did not play any major role and the majority of nominees of these Popes became part of the Spanish faction The Cardinals who were considered as papabile were Serbelloni Marchntonio Colonna Gallio Paleotto Madruzzo Santori Facchinetti Sfondrati Valier Lauro della Rovere 4 In the context of this conclave the Prophecy of the Popes was forged probably in order to support Cardinal Girolamo Simoncelli s bid for the papacy 5 6 Interference from Philip II of Spain editOn 6 October even before the conclave had started the Spanish ambassador Olivares gave the Cardinals the official recommendations of King Philip II They contained two lists of names The first one had seven names Madruzzo Santori Facchinetti Sfondrati Paleotti Gallio and Marcantonio Colonna The king s official will was a choice of one of those seven names The second list contained the names of 30 cardinals who Philip II put a clear veto on The subjects from Madrid were banned from voting against the king s recommendations Philip II wished to secure his claim to the French throne by gaining power over The Holy See Although in the past secular monarchs had many times and in different ways tried to influence the election of popes such an explicit interference was unprecedented It was the beginning of what in the seventeenth century was considered as Jus exclusivae 7 Conclave editThe conclave began on 8 October with 52 cardinals A few days later Camerlengo Caetani joined them after his return from France and on 13 October Cardinal Andreas von Osterreich arrived 8 Cardinal Mantalto nominated Ippolito Aldobrandini but Cardinal Madruzzo who was the leader of the Spanish faction and according to the will of King Philip II effectively torpedoed this candidacy The nomination of Cardinal Vincenzo Lauro which was proposed by Montalo and Sforza suffered the same fate 9 On 12 October a rumor broke in Rome that Marco Antonio Colonna was elected the new Pope His nomination did take place but did not receive the majority of votes due to the opposition of Sforza and his faction The Spanish did not want to support him either Although Colonna was one of Philip II s choices unofficially it was known that both he and Gallio were not popular in Madrid and their election was unlikely 10 On 15 October the Spanish faction took the initiative and nominated its leader Madruzzo The candidacy met with strong opposition from the Sforza d Aragony and the Venetian cardinals Objections against Madruzzo included his close ties with the king of Spain his poor state of health he was impaired by gout and even his origin his mother was German 11 After the rejection of Madruzzo Cardinal Montalto offered the Spanish faction five names Aldobrandini Lauro Valiero Salviati and Medici and asked them to pick one As King Philip had rejected all five of them none of them were chosen As a result of the prolonged sede vacante more and more chaos reigned on the streets During November disagreements among the Cardinals increased instead of decreasing The main opponent of the Spanish faction was Cardinal Montalto 12 At the end of November the majority of cardinals gradually came to the conclusion that no matter how outrageous the interference of Philip II without the support of his followers there was no chance to elect a Pope so it would be better to choose someone from his list On 4 December therefore supported by the Madrid faction Cardinal Paleotti received 33 votes he needed another three to win Montalto did not prefer Paleotti so together with Sforza he came to the conclusion that in order to prevent his election they needed to support either Sfondrati or Facchinetti In the end they decided to elect Sfondrati 13 Election of Gregory XIV editOn the morning of 5 December 1590 after nearly two months conclave 55 year old Cardinal Niccolo Sfondrati Bishop of Cremona was elected Pope and chose the name Gregory XIV 14 His coronation took place on 8 December 1590 15 Notes edit Pastor p 323 333 Pastor p 339 Sede Vacante 1590 Chacon col 203 204 and 214 compare Eubel p 53 which excluded Caetanii Pastor p 35 319 334 Pastor p 333 Boyle Alan 12 February 2013 Why the buzz over St Malachy s last pope prophecy outdoes 2012 hype NBC News Archived from the original on 16 February 2013 Retrieved 17 February 2013 Sieczkowski Cavan 14 February 2013 St Malachy Last Pope Prophecy What Theologians Think About 12th Century Prediction Huffington Post Canada Retrieved 17 February 2013 Pastor p 335 336 340 341 Sede Vacante 1590 Pastor p 339 Chacon col 213 Sede Vacante 1590 Sede Vacante 1590 Pastor p 339 340 Pastor p 336 338 341 342 Sede Vacante 1590 Pastor p 342 343 Pastor p 343 346 Pastor p 346 348 Pastor p 348 Eubel p 53 Sede Vacante 1590 Chacon col 214 Eubel p 53 Sede Vacante 1590 Chacon col 214 Sources editVon Pastor Lugwig 1932 History of the Popes V 22 London Chacon Alfonso 1677 Vitae et res gestae Pontificvm Romanorum et P R E Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiae vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII Pont Max V IV Rome Latin Eubel Konrad 1922 Hierarchia Catholica V IV Padwa Latin External links editSede Vacante 1590 Miranda Salvador Conclave of October 8 to December 5 1590 Gregory XIV The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church Florida International University OCLC 53276621 Retrieved 29 February 2016 Portals nbsp Catholicism nbsp Christianity nbsp Vatican CityOctober December 1590 papal conclave at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Definitions from Wiktionary nbsp Media from Commons nbsp News from Wikinews nbsp Quotations from Wikiquote nbsp Texts from Wikisource nbsp Textbooks from Wikibooks nbsp Resources from Wikiversity nbsp Data from Wikidata Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title October December 1590 papal conclave amp oldid 1195906692, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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