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Nysa on the Maeander

October 15, 2023

Nysa on the Maeander (Greek: Νύσα or Νύσσα) was an ancient city and bishopric of Asia Minor, whose remains are in the Sultanhisar district of Aydın Province of Turkey, 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of the Ionian city of Ephesus, and which remains a Latin Catholic titular see.

Nysa
Νῦσα (in Greek)
The bouleuterion/odeion of Nysa
Shown within Turkey
LocationSultanhisar, Aydın Province, Turkey
RegionCaria
Coordinates37°54′06″N 28°08′48″E / 37.90167°N 28.14667°E / 37.90167; 28.14667
TypeSettlement
Not to be confused with Nisa (Lycia) or Nyssa (Cappadocia).
Ancient cities of Caria

At one time it was reckoned as belonging to Caria or Lydia,[1][2] but under the Roman Empire it was within the province of Asia, which had Ephesus for capital, and the bishop of Nysa was thus a suffragan of the metropolitan see of Ephesus.[3][4][5]

Nysa was situated on the southern slope of mount Messogis, on the north of the Maeander, and about midway between Tralles and Antioch on the Maeander. The mountain torrent Eudon, a tributary of the Maeander, flowed through the middle of the town by a deep ravine spanned by a bridge, connecting the two parts of the town.[6][7][8][9][10][11] Tradition assigned the foundation of the place to three brothers, Athymbrus, Athymbradus, and Hydrelus, who emigrated from Sparta, and founded three towns on the north of the Maeander; but in the course of time Nysa absorbed them all; the Nysaeans, however, recognise more especially Athymbrus as their founder.[12][6]

History Edit

In Greek mythology, Dionysus, the god of wine was born or raised in Nysa or Nyssa, a name that was consequently given to many towns in all parts of the world associated with cultivation of grapes.[2] The name "Nysa" is mentioned in Homer's Iliad (Book 6.132-133), which refers to a hero named Lycurgus, "who once drove the nursing mothers of wine-crazed Dionysus over the sacred mountains of Nysa".

The town derived its name of Nysa from Nysa, one of the wives of Antiochus I Soter, who reigned from 281 to 261 BC and founded the city on the site of an earlier town called Athymbra (Ἄθυμβρα),[13] a name that continued in use until the second half of the 3rd century BC, but not in the earliest coinage of Nysa, which is of the next century.[1][14] According to Stephanus of Byzantium, the town also bore the name Pythopolis (Πυθόπολις).[15]

 
The Library of Nysa

Nysa appears to have been distinguished for its cultivation of literature, for Strabo mentions several eminent philosophers and rhetoricians; and the geographer himself, when a youth, attended the lectures of Aristodemus, a disciple of Panaetius and grandson of the famous Posidonius, whose influence is manifest in Strabo's Geography. Another Aristodemus of Nysa, a cousin of the former, had been the instructor of Pompey.[6][16] Nysa was then a centre of study that specialized in Homeric literature and the interpretation of epics. Nysa was ruled by the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, the Roman Empire, its continuation the Byzantine Empire, and by the Turks, until its final abandonment after being sacked by Tamerlane in 1402. The coins of Nysa are very numerous, and exhibit a series of Roman emperors from Augustus to Gallienus.

Ecclesiastical history Edit

Hierocles classes Nysa among the sees of Asia, and its bishops are mentioned in the Councils of Ephesus and Constantinople.[10] Nysa became a suffragan of its provincial capital's metropolitan Archdiocese of Ephesus, I the sway of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Of the Byzantine bishops of Nysa in Asia, several are historically documented:[3][4][5]

Titular see Edit

The diocese was nominally restored in 1933 as Latin Titular bishopric of Nysa in Asia (Latin) / Nisa di Asia (Curiate Italian) / Nysæus in Asia (Latin adjective),[17] of the Episcopal (lowest) rank, but it remains vacant, never having had an incumbent.

Remains Edit

 
Architrave fragment from the Bouleuterion of Nysa

There are important ruins on the site from the Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine periods. The well-preserved theatre, built during the Roman Imperial period, is famous for its friezes depicting the life of Dionysus, god of the grape harvest, winemaking and wine. It has a capacity 12,000 people. The library dating from the 2nd century A.D. is considered to be Turkey's second-best preserved ancient library structure after the "Celsus Library" of Ephesus. The stadium of Nysa, which suffered from floods and is therefore partially damaged, has a capacity of 30,000 people. The bouleuterion (municipal senate), later adapted as an odeon, with 12 rows of seats, offers room for up to 600-700 people. Other significant structures include the agora, gymnasion and the Roman baths. The 100 m long Nysa Bridge, a tunnel-like substructure, was the second largest of its kind in antiquity.[18]

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ a b Bean, G.E. (1976). The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Tufts University, Princeton, N.J. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
  2. ^ a b Smith, William. "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854)". Perseus. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
  3. ^ a b Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, Vol. I, coll. 705-708
  4. ^ a b Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, p. 444
  5. ^ a b Pascal Culerrier, Les évêchés suffragants d'Éphèse aux 5e-13e siècles, in Revue des études byzantines, vol. 45, 1987, p. 158
  6. ^ a b c Strabo. Geographica. Vol. xiv. p.650. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
  7. ^ Homeric Hymn 4.17
  8. ^ Pliny. Naturalis Historia. Vol. 5.29.
  9. ^ Ptolemy. The Geography. Vol. 5.2.18.
  10. ^ a b Hierocles. Synecdemus. Vol. p. 659.
  11. ^ Stephanus of Byzantium. Ethnica. Vol. s.v.
  12. ^ Stephanus of Byzantium. Ethnica. Vol. s.v. Ἄθυμβρα.
  13. ^ Stephanus of Byzantium. Ethnica. Vol. s.v.v. Ἀντιόχεια, Ἄθυμβρα.
  14. ^ Getzel M. Cohen, The Hellenistic Settlements in Europe, the Islands, and Asia Minor (University of California Press, 1996: ISBN 0-520-08329-6), p. 257.
  15. ^ Stephanus of Byzantium. Ethnica. Vol. s.v. Πυθόπολις.
  16. ^ Cicero Fam. 13.6.4.
  17. ^ Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 941
  18. ^ Klaus Grewe, Ünal Özis et al.: "Die antiken Flußüberbauungen von Pergamon und Nysa (Türkei)", Antike Welt, Vol. 25, No. 4 (1994), pp. 348–352 (352)

  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Nysa". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.

Sources and external links Edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nysa (Caria).
  • GCatholic - (former and) titular see
Bibliography - ecclesiastical history
  • Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, p. 444
  • Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, Vol. I, coll. 705-708
  • Pascal Culerrier, Les évêchés suffragants d'Éphèse aux 5e-13e siècles, in Revue des études byzantines, vol; 45, 1987, p. 158

Further reading Edit

  • Walther von Diest: Nysa ad Maeandrum, nach Forschungen und Aufnahmen in den Jahren 1907 und 1909, Reimer, Berlin 1913 (Jahrbuch des Kaiserlich Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Erg.-Heft 10)
  • Vedat İdil: Nysa ve Akharaka = Nysa and Acharaca, Istanbul 1999, ISBN 975-6934-04-2
  • Musa Kadioğlu, 'Die scaenae frons des Theaters von Nysa am Maeander. Diss. University of Freiburg im Breisgau 2002
  • Musa Kadıoğlu: Die Scaenae Frons des Theaters von Nysa am Mäander. von Zabern, Mainz 2006. (Forschungen in Nysa am Mäander; 1) ISBN 3-8053-3610-1.
  • Musa Kadıoğlu, Der Opus Sectile-Boden aus dem Gerontikon-Bouleuterion von Nysa ad Maeandrum, in: Asia Minor Studien, Band 34, 1999, 175-188. Taf. 34-35; in Turkish: “Menderes Nysası Bouleuterion-Gerontikon'u Opus Sectile Döşemesi”, in: Türk Arkeoloji ve Etnografya Dergisi, 1, 2000, 9-16.
  • Musa Kadıoğlu – Philip von Rummel, Frühbyzantinische Funde aus dem Theater von Nysa am Maeander, in: Anadolu/Anatolia 24, 2003, 103-119
  • Musa Kadıoğlu, Zwei korinthische Kapitelle aus Nysa am Mäander, in: C. Özgünel – O. Bingöl – V. İdil – K. Görkay – M. Kadıoğlu (Hrsg.), Cevdet Bayburtluoğlu için yazılar / Essays in Honour of C. Bayburtluoğlu. Günışığında Anadolu / Anatolia in Daylight (2001) 156-161.
  • Vedat İdil – Musa Kadıoğlu, 2003 Yılı Nysa Kazı ve Restorasyon Çalışmaları, in: KST 26.1, 2004 (2005) 387-400.
  • Vedat İdil – Musa Kadıoğlu, 2004 Yılı Nysa Kazı ve Restorasyon Çalışmaları, in: KST 27.2, 2005 (2006) 131-146.
  • Musa Kadıoğlu, Menderes Nysası’ndan Bir Kantar / Eine Schnellwaage aus Nysa am Mäander, in: E. Öztepe – Musa Kadıoğlu (Hrsg.), Patronvs. Coşkun Özgünel’e 65. Yaş Armağanı / Festschrift für Coşkun Özgünel zum 65. Geburtstag (2007) 229-235
  • Vedat İdil – Musa Kadıoğlu, “2005 Yılı Nysa Kazı ve Restorasyon Çalışmaları“, in: KST 28.1, 2006 (2007) 647-670

October 15, 2023
nysa, maeander, greek, Νύσα, Νύσσα, ancient, city, bishopric, asia, minor, whose, remains, sultanhisar, district, aydın, province, turkey, kilometres, east, ionian, city, ephesus, which, remains, latin, catholic, titular, nysaΝῦσα, greek, bouleuterion, odeion,. Nysa on the Maeander Greek Nysa or Nyssa was an ancient city and bishopric of Asia Minor whose remains are in the Sultanhisar district of Aydin Province of Turkey 50 kilometres 31 mi east of the Ionian city of Ephesus and which remains a Latin Catholic titular see NysaNῦsa in Greek The bouleuterion odeion of NysaShown within TurkeyLocationSultanhisar Aydin Province TurkeyRegionCariaCoordinates37 54 06 N 28 08 48 E 37 90167 N 28 14667 E 37 90167 28 14667TypeSettlementNot to be confused with Nisa Lycia or Nyssa Cappadocia Ancient cities of CariaAt one time it was reckoned as belonging to Caria or Lydia 1 2 but under the Roman Empire it was within the province of Asia which had Ephesus for capital and the bishop of Nysa was thus a suffragan of the metropolitan see of Ephesus 3 4 5 Nysa was situated on the southern slope of mount Messogis on the north of the Maeander and about midway between Tralles and Antioch on the Maeander The mountain torrent Eudon a tributary of the Maeander flowed through the middle of the town by a deep ravine spanned by a bridge connecting the two parts of the town 6 7 8 9 10 11 Tradition assigned the foundation of the place to three brothers Athymbrus Athymbradus and Hydrelus who emigrated from Sparta and founded three towns on the north of the Maeander but in the course of time Nysa absorbed them all the Nysaeans however recognise more especially Athymbrus as their founder 12 6 Contents 1 History 2 Ecclesiastical history 2 1 Titular see 3 Remains 4 See also 5 References 6 Sources and external links 7 Further readingHistory EditIn Greek mythology Dionysus the god of wine was born or raised in Nysa or Nyssa a name that was consequently given to many towns in all parts of the world associated with cultivation of grapes 2 The name Nysa is mentioned in Homer s Iliad Book 6 132 133 which refers to a hero named Lycurgus who once drove the nursing mothers of wine crazed Dionysus over the sacred mountains of Nysa The town derived its name of Nysa from Nysa one of the wives of Antiochus I Soter who reigned from 281 to 261 BC and founded the city on the site of an earlier town called Athymbra Ἄ8ymbra 13 a name that continued in use until the second half of the 3rd century BC but not in the earliest coinage of Nysa which is of the next century 1 14 According to Stephanus of Byzantium the town also bore the name Pythopolis Py8opolis 15 nbsp The Library of NysaNysa appears to have been distinguished for its cultivation of literature for Strabo mentions several eminent philosophers and rhetoricians and the geographer himself when a youth attended the lectures of Aristodemus a disciple of Panaetius and grandson of the famous Posidonius whose influence is manifest in Strabo s Geography Another Aristodemus of Nysa a cousin of the former had been the instructor of Pompey 6 16 Nysa was then a centre of study that specialized in Homeric literature and the interpretation of epics Nysa was ruled by the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire the Roman Empire its continuation the Byzantine Empire and by the Turks until its final abandonment after being sacked by Tamerlane in 1402 The coins of Nysa are very numerous and exhibit a series of Roman emperors from Augustus to Gallienus Ecclesiastical history EditHierocles classes Nysa among the sees of Asia and its bishops are mentioned in the Councils of Ephesus and Constantinople 10 Nysa became a suffragan of its provincial capital s metropolitan Archdiocese of Ephesus I the sway of the Patriarchate of Constantinople Of the Byzantine bishops of Nysa in Asia several are historically documented 3 4 5 Theodotus took part in the Council of Ephesus 431 Maeonius in the Council of Chalcedon 451 Sisinnius in the Third Council of Constantinople 680 and the Trullan Council 692 Theodosius in the Second Council of Nicaea 787 Nicholaus in the Council of Constantinople 869 Michael in the Photian Council of Constantinople 879 on the fate of Patriarch Photius I of Constantinople Titular see Edit The diocese was nominally restored in 1933 as Latin Titular bishopric of Nysa in Asia Latin Nisa di Asia Curiate Italian Nysaeus in Asia Latin adjective 17 of the Episcopal lowest rank but it remains vacant never having had an incumbent Remains Edit nbsp Architrave fragment from the Bouleuterion of NysaThere are important ruins on the site from the Hellenistic Roman and Byzantine periods The well preserved theatre built during the Roman Imperial period is famous for its friezes depicting the life of Dionysus god of the grape harvest winemaking and wine It has a capacity 12 000 people The library dating from the 2nd century A D is considered to be Turkey s second best preserved ancient library structure after the Celsus Library of Ephesus The stadium of Nysa which suffered from floods and is therefore partially damaged has a capacity of 30 000 people The bouleuterion municipal senate later adapted as an odeon with 12 rows of seats offers room for up to 600 700 people Other significant structures include the agora gymnasion and the Roman baths The 100 m long Nysa Bridge a tunnel like substructure was the second largest of its kind in antiquity 18 See also EditList of ancient Greek citiesReferences Edit a b Bean G E 1976 The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites Tufts University Princeton N J Retrieved 29 January 2015 a b Smith William Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography 1854 Perseus Retrieved 29 January 2015 a b Michel Lequien Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus Paris 1740 Vol I coll 705 708 a b Pius Bonifacius Gams Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae Leipzig 1931 p 444 a b Pascal Culerrier Les eveches suffragants d Ephese aux 5e 13e siecles in Revue des etudes byzantines vol 45 1987 p 158 a b c Strabo Geographica Vol xiv p 650 Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon s edition Homeric Hymn 4 17 Pliny Naturalis Historia Vol 5 29 Ptolemy The Geography Vol 5 2 18 a b Hierocles Synecdemus Vol p 659 Stephanus of Byzantium Ethnica Vol s v Stephanus of Byzantium Ethnica Vol s v Ἄ8ymbra Stephanus of Byzantium Ethnica Vol s v v Ἀntioxeia Ἄ8ymbra Getzel M Cohen The Hellenistic Settlements in Europe the Islands and Asia Minor University of California Press 1996 ISBN 0 520 08329 6 p 257 Stephanus of Byzantium Ethnica Vol s v Py8opolis Cicero Fam 13 6 4 Annuario Pontificio 2013 Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978 88 209 9070 1 p 941 Klaus Grewe Unal Ozis et al Die antiken Flussuberbauungen von Pergamon und Nysa Turkei Antike Welt Vol 25 No 4 1994 pp 348 352 352 nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Smith William ed 1854 1857 Nysa Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography London John Murray Sources and external links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nysa Caria GCatholic former and titular seeBibliography ecclesiastical historyPius Bonifacius Gams Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae Leipzig 1931 p 444 Michel Lequien Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus Paris 1740 Vol I coll 705 708 Pascal Culerrier Les eveches suffragants d Ephese aux 5e 13e siecles in Revue des etudes byzantines vol 45 1987 p 158Further reading EditWalther von Diest Nysa ad Maeandrum nach Forschungen und Aufnahmen in den Jahren 1907 und 1909 Reimer Berlin 1913 Jahrbuch des Kaiserlich Deutschen Archaologischen Instituts Erg Heft 10 Vedat Idil Nysa ve Akharaka Nysa and Acharaca Istanbul 1999 ISBN 975 6934 04 2 Musa Kadioglu Die scaenae frons des Theaters von Nysa am Maeander Diss University of Freiburg im Breisgau 2002 Musa Kadioglu Die Scaenae Frons des Theaters von Nysa am Maander von Zabern Mainz 2006 Forschungen in Nysa am Maander 1 ISBN 3 8053 3610 1 Musa Kadioglu Der Opus Sectile Boden aus dem Gerontikon Bouleuterion von Nysa ad Maeandrum in Asia Minor Studien Band 34 1999 175 188 Taf 34 35 in Turkish Menderes Nysasi Bouleuterion Gerontikon u Opus Sectile Dosemesi in Turk Arkeoloji ve Etnografya Dergisi 1 2000 9 16 Musa Kadioglu Philip von Rummel Fruhbyzantinische Funde aus dem Theater von Nysa am Maeander in Anadolu Anatolia 24 2003 103 119 Musa Kadioglu Zwei korinthische Kapitelle aus Nysa am Maander in C Ozgunel O Bingol V Idil K Gorkay M Kadioglu Hrsg Cevdet Bayburtluoglu icin yazilar Essays in Honour of C Bayburtluoglu Gunisiginda Anadolu Anatolia in Daylight 2001 156 161 Vedat Idil Musa Kadioglu 2003 Yili Nysa Kazi ve Restorasyon Calismalari in KST 26 1 2004 2005 387 400 Vedat Idil Musa Kadioglu 2004 Yili Nysa Kazi ve Restorasyon Calismalari in KST 27 2 2005 2006 131 146 Musa Kadioglu Menderes Nysasi ndan Bir Kantar Eine Schnellwaage aus Nysa am Maander in E Oztepe Musa Kadioglu Hrsg Patronvs Coskun Ozgunel e 65 Yas Armagani Festschrift fur Coskun Ozgunel zum 65 Geburtstag 2007 229 235 Vedat Idil Musa Kadioglu 2005 Yili Nysa Kazi ve Restorasyon Calismalari in KST 28 1 2006 2007 647 670 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nysa on the Maeander amp oldid 1155708674, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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