This article is about the ancient marketplace. For other uses, see Agora (disambiguation).
The agora (/ˈæɡərə/; Ancient Greek: ἀγορά, romanized: agorá, meaning "market" in Modern Greek) was a central public space in ancient Greekcity-states. It is the best representation of a city-state's response to accommodate the social and political order of the polis.[1] The literal meaning of the word "agora" is "gathering place" or "assembly". The agora was the center of the athletic, artistic, business, social, spiritual, and political life in the city.[2] The Ancient Agora of Athens is the best-known example.
Early in Greek history (13th–4th centuries BC), free-born citizens would gather in the agora for military duty or to hear statements of the ruling king or council. Later, the agora also served as a marketplace, where merchants kept stalls or shops to sell their goods amid arcades. This attracted artisans who built workshops nearby.[3]
From these twin functions of the agora as a political and a commercial spot came the two Greek verbs ἀγοράζω, agorázō, "I shop", and ἀγορεύω, agoreúō, "I speak in public".[4]
Ancient Agora of Athens
The Athenian agora today
The Ancient Agora of Athens was situated beneath the northern slope of the Acropolis. The Ancient Agora was the primary meeting ground for Athenians, where members of democracy congregated affairs of the state, where business was conducted, a place to hang out, and watch performers and listen to famous philosophers. The importance of the Athenian agora revolved around religion. The agora was a very sacred place, in which holiness is laid out in the architecture of the ground upon which it lay upon. The layout of the agora was centered around the Panathenaic Way, a road that ran through the middle of Athens and to the main gate of the city, Dipylon.[5] This road was considered tremendously sacred, serving as a travel route for the Panathenaic festival, which was held in honor of the goddess Athena every four years. The agora was also famously known for housing the Temple of Hephaestus, the Greek god of metalworking and craftsmen. This temple is still in great condition to this day. Other temples priorly standing in the agora include honor for Zeus, Athena, Apollo, and Ares.[6]
The agora was usually located in the middle of a city or near the harbor. Agoras were built of colonnades, or rows of long columns, and contained stoae, also known as a long open walkway below the colonnades.[7] They were beautifully decorated with fountains, trees, and statues. When the Athenian agora was rebuilt after the Greco-Persian Wars, colonnades and stoae were not incorporated.[8]
Phobia
The term agoraphobia denotes a phobic condition in which the sufferer becomes anxious in unfamiliar environments – for instance, places where they perceive that they have little control. Such anxiety may be triggered by wide-open spaces, crowds, or public situations, and the psychological term derives from the agora as a large and open gathering place.
^Caves, R. W. (2004). Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge. p. 10.
^Ring, Trudy; Salkin, Robert; Boda, Sharon (1996). International Dictionary of Historic Places: Southern Europe. Routledge. p. 66. ISBN978-1-884964-02-2.
^Peppas, Lynn (2005). Life in Ancient Greece. Crabtree Publishing Company. p. 12. ISBN0778720357. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
agora, this, article, about, ancient, marketplace, other, uses, disambiguation, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, fin. This article is about the ancient marketplace For other uses see Agora disambiguation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Agora news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message The agora ˈ ae ɡ e r e Ancient Greek ἀgora romanized agora meaning market in Modern Greek was a central public space in ancient Greek city states It is the best representation of a city state s response to accommodate the social and political order of the polis 1 The literal meaning of the word agora is gathering place or assembly The agora was the center of the athletic artistic business social spiritual and political life in the city 2 The Ancient Agora of Athens is the best known example View of the Ancient Agora of Athens The Temple of Hephaestus is to the left and the Stoa of Attalos to the right Contents 1 Origins 2 Ancient Agora of Athens 3 Location and constituents 4 Phobia 5 Gallery 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksOrigins EditEarly in Greek history 13th 4th centuries BC free born citizens would gather in the agora for military duty or to hear statements of the ruling king or council Later the agora also served as a marketplace where merchants kept stalls or shops to sell their goods amid arcades This attracted artisans who built workshops nearby 3 From these twin functions of the agora as a political and a commercial spot came the two Greek verbs ἀgorazw agorazō I shop and ἀgoreyw agoreuō I speak in public 4 Ancient Agora of Athens Edit The Athenian agora today The Ancient Agora of Athens was situated beneath the northern slope of the Acropolis The Ancient Agora was the primary meeting ground for Athenians where members of democracy congregated affairs of the state where business was conducted a place to hang out and watch performers and listen to famous philosophers The importance of the Athenian agora revolved around religion The agora was a very sacred place in which holiness is laid out in the architecture of the ground upon which it lay upon The layout of the agora was centered around the Panathenaic Way a road that ran through the middle of Athens and to the main gate of the city Dipylon 5 This road was considered tremendously sacred serving as a travel route for the Panathenaic festival which was held in honor of the goddess Athena every four years The agora was also famously known for housing the Temple of Hephaestus the Greek god of metalworking and craftsmen This temple is still in great condition to this day Other temples priorly standing in the agora include honor for Zeus Athena Apollo and Ares 6 Location and constituents Edit The reconstructed Stoa of Attalos The agora was usually located in the middle of a city or near the harbor Agoras were built of colonnades or rows of long columns and contained stoae also known as a long open walkway below the colonnades 7 They were beautifully decorated with fountains trees and statues When the Athenian agora was rebuilt after the Greco Persian Wars colonnades and stoae were not incorporated 8 Phobia EditThe term agoraphobia denotes a phobic condition in which the sufferer becomes anxious in unfamiliar environments for instance places where they perceive that they have little control Such anxiety may be triggered by wide open spaces crowds or public situations and the psychological term derives from the agora as a large and open gathering place Gallery Edit The Side State Agora in Side Turkey The Agora of Ephesus Tlos Agora southern Turkey The Agora of the Competaliasts on Delos Greece Remains of the Roman Agora built in Athens during the Roman period The Agora of Hierapolis Turkey The Roman Agora Delphi Greece South agora and pool in Aphrodisias TurkeySee also EditForum Roman Agorism Platonic Academy Egora electronic agora References Edit Caves R W 2004 Encyclopedia of the City Routledge p 10 Ring Trudy Salkin Robert Boda Sharon 1996 International Dictionary of Historic Places Southern Europe Routledge p 66 ISBN 978 1 884964 02 2 Peppas Lynn 2005 Life in Ancient Greece Crabtree Publishing Company p 12 ISBN 0778720357 Retrieved 6 January 2017 ἀgora ἀgorazw ἀgoreyw Liddell Henry George Scott Robert A Greek English Lexicon at the Perseus Project The Archaic Athenian Agora Gateway to Classical Athenian Democracy World History Encyclopedia Retrieved 2020 12 01 The Athenian Agora Atlas Obscura Retrieved 2020 10 03 Stoa architecture Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved 2020 12 01 agora Definition History amp Facts Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved 2020 12 01 https dspace mit edu handle 1721 1 68303External links Edit Media related to Agoras at Wikimedia Commons Official Athenian agora excavations Agora in Athens photos Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Agora amp oldid 1148164244, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
