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Janenschia

April 05, 2023

Janenschia (named after Werner Janensch) is a large herbivorous sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Tendaguru Formation of Lindi Region, Tanzania around 155 million years ago.

Janenschia
Temporal range: 155–145 Ma Late Jurassic
Janenschia humerus, radius and ulna at the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: †Sauropodomorpha
Clade: †Sauropoda
Clade: †Neosauropoda
Clade: †Macronaria
Genus: †Janenschia
Wild, 1991
Species:
†J. robusta
Binomial name
†Janenschia robusta
(Fraas, 1908)
Alternate view

Discovery and naming

Janenschia has had a convoluted nomenclatural history. In 1907, Eberhard Fraas at "site P", nine hundred metres to the southeast of Tendaguru Hill, discovered two skeletons of gigantic sauropods. They were designated as "Skeleton A" and "Skeleton B". The fossils were transported to the collection of the Stuttgarter Naturaliensammlung in Stuttgart, Germany. Fraas in 1908 decided to name both skeletons as different species of one genus, Gigantosaurus. Skeleton A became Gigantosaurus africanus and skeleton B became Gigantosaurus robustus. The latter species was based on the holotype partial skeleton SMNS 12144, consisting of a right hindlimb. The specific name was inspired by the heavy build of the animal.[1] While doing so, Fraas knew full well that the name Gigantosaurus was already preoccupied by another taxon: Gigantosaurus megalonyx, named by Harry Govier Seeley in 1869. Fraas thought his actions could be justified by the fact that the description by Seeley had been limited and that the material of G. megalonyx had since been referred to another genus, Ornithopsis, by Richard Lydekker.[2][3][4][5][6]

In 1911, Richard Sternfeld renamed Gigantosaurus Fraas 1908 into Tornieria, pointing out that Fraas's arguments had been irrelevant. Tornieria africana became the type species of the new genus.[7] G. robustus was placed in Tornieria, as T. robusta. Sternfeld's move was not well received in Germany, as he had acted without consent of the ailing Fraas. In 1922, Werner Janensch, who at the Tendaguru had collected additional material, in an article describing the hand of the animal announced that he would keep using the name Gigantosaurus robustus. He claimed that G. megalonyx was a forgotten nomen oblitum and that the rules of the zoological nomenclature should be disregarded if they caused instability by replacing a well-known name by a completely new one. At the same time he synonymized Tornieria with Barosaurus as regarded its type species which then became a Barosaurus africanus.[8] Janensch, for the remainder of his career, would consistently apply the name Gigantosaurus robustus. In 1928, Sidney Henry Haughton exceptionally assigned Tornieria robusta to Barosaurus also, as a Barosaurus robustus.[9]

In 1930, Baron Franz Nopcsa rejected Janensch's arguments. He admitted that Sternfeld had been discourteous but pointed out that the ICZN only in 1927 recommended that the original author should be involved in such name changes. It would thus be absurd to object to an article written in 1911 — and in any case the lack of courtesy had no bearing on the validity of the name. Nopcsa had found several later mentions of G. megalonyx, which thus had not been a nomen oblitum. Furthermore, Gigantosaurus robustus had prior to 1922 not exactly been a well-known name itself. Distasteful as it might be, Nopcsa concluded, it was inevitable to consider Tornieria to be a valid name.[10] SMNS 12144 was subsequently referred to Tornieria by other authors.[11][12][13][14]

In 1991, German palaeontologist Rupert Wild of the Stuttgart Museum of Natural Sciences clarified the taxonomic status of G. robustus, by concluding that it was generically distinct from Tornieria. He renamed it Janenschia in honor of Werner Janensch, who had studied the vertebrate fauna from Tendaguru. Janenschia was placed in the family Titanosauridae, making it the oldest member of Titanosauria.[15]

A number of specimens formerly assigned to Janenschia have been recognized as distinct genera. Two anterior dorsal vertebrae, and a possible posterior cervical vertebra, previously referred to the genus, were named Tendaguria in 2000.[16] On the other hand, the caudal vertebral series MB.R.2091.1–30 does not overlap with SMNS 12144 and instead represents the first taxon of Mamenchisauridae from outside Asia, Wamweracaudia.[17][18] Recent cladistic analysis places Janenschia as a non-titanosauriform sauropod.[19][18]

References

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Janenschia.
  1. ^ Fraas, E. (1908) "Dinosaurierfunde in Ostafrika", Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg 64: 84–86
  2. ^ E. Fraas. 1908. "Ostafrikanische Dinosaurier". Mitteilungen aus dem Königlichen Naturalien-Kabinett zu Stuttgart 55(61): 105-144
  3. ^ E. Fraas. 1908. "Dinosaurier in Deutsch-Ostafrika". Die Umschau 12(48): 943-948
  4. ^ E. Fraas. 1911. "Die ostafrikanischen Dinosaurier". Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturfoscher und Ärzte 83(1): 27-41
  5. ^ E. Fraas. 1912. "Die ostafrikanischen Dinosaurier". Sammlung Wissenschaftlicher Vorträge 1: 3-21
  6. ^ Lydekker, R. 1888. Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History). Part I. Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, Squamata, Rhynchocephalia, and Proterosauria. British Museum (Natural History), London, 309 pp
  7. ^ R. Sternfeld. 1911. "Zur Nomenklatur der Gattung Gigantosaurus Fraas [On the nomenclature of the genus Gigantosaurus Fraas]". Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 8: 398
  8. ^ Janensch, W., 1922, "Das Handskelett von Gigantosaurus robustus und Brachiosaurus brancai aus den Tendaguru-Schichten Deutsch-Ostafrikas", Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie 1922: 464–480
  9. ^ Haughton, S. H. (1928). "On some reptilian remains from the Dinosaur Beds of Nyasaland". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa. 16: 67–75. doi:10.1080/00359192809519658.
  10. ^ Nopcsa, F. 1930. "Zur Systematik und Biologie der Sauropoden". Palaeobiologica, 3: 40-52
  11. ^ Stromer, E. (1932). "Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wüsten Ägyptens. II. Wirbeltierreste der Baharîje-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 11. Sauropoda" [Results of the expeditions of Professor E. Stromer in the Egyptian deserts. II. Vertebrate animal remains from the Baharîje bed (lowest Cenomanian). 11. Sauropoda]. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung, Neue Folge 10:1–21
  12. ^ Steel, R. (1970). Part 14. Saurischia. Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie/Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart pp. 1–87
  13. ^ Jain, S. L.; Kutty, T. S.; Roy-Chowdhury, T. K. and Chatterjee, S. (1979). "Some characteristics of Barapasaurus tagorei, a sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic of Deccan, India". In B. Laskar & C. S. Raja Rao (eds.), Fourth International Gondwana Symposium: Papers. Hindustan Publishing Corporation, Delhi 1:204–216
  14. ^ Buffetaut, E. (1989). Une vertèbre de Dinosaure Titanosauridé dans le Cénomanien du Mans et ses implications paléobiogéographiques [A titanosaurid dinosaur vertebra in the Cenomanian of Le Mans and its paleobiogeographic implications]. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris, Série II 309:437–443
  15. ^ Wild, R. (1991). Janenschia n. g. robusta (E. Fraas 1908) pro Tornieria robusta (E. Fraas 1908) (Reptilia, Saurischia, Sauropodomorpha) [Janenschia n. g. robusta (E. Fraas 1908) for Tornieria robusta (E. Fraas 1908) (Reptilia, Saurischia, Sauropodomorpha)]. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 173:1–4
  16. ^ Bonaparte, J.F.; Heinrich, W.-D.; Wild, R. (2000). "Review of Janenschia Wild, with the description of a new sauropod from the Tendaguru beds of Tanzania and a discussion on the systematic value of procoelous caudal vertebrae in the Sauropoda". Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 256 (1–3): 25–76.
  17. ^ Mannion, Philip D.; Upchurch, Paul; Barnes, Rosie N.; Mateus, Octávio (2013). "Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal titanosauriforms" (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 168: 98–206. doi:10.1111/zoj.12029.
  18. ^ a b Philip D Mannion, Paul Upchurch, Daniela Schwarz, Oliver Wings; Taxonomic affinities of the putative titanosaurs from the Late Jurassic Tendaguru Formation of Tanzania: phylogenetic and biogeographic implications for eusauropod dinosaur evolution, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, , zly068, https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zly068
  19. ^ Upchurch P.; Mannion P.D.; Taylor M.P. (2015). "The Anatomy and Phylogenetic Relationships of "Pelorosaurus" becklesii (Neosauropoda, Macronaria) from the Early Cretaceous of England". PLOS ONE. 10 (6): e0125819. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1025819U. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125819. PMC 4454574. PMID 26039587.

April 05, 2023
janenschia, named, after, werner, janensch, large, herbivorous, sauropod, dinosaur, from, late, jurassic, tendaguru, formation, lindi, region, tanzania, around, million, years, temporal, range, preꞒ, late, jurassic, humerus, radius, ulna, museum, für, naturkun. Janenschia named after Werner Janensch is a large herbivorous sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Tendaguru Formation of Lindi Region Tanzania around 155 million years ago JanenschiaTemporal range 155 145 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Late JurassicJanenschia humerus radius and ulna at the Museum fur Naturkunde BerlinScientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClade DinosauriaClade SaurischiaClade SauropodomorphaClade SauropodaClade NeosauropodaClade MacronariaGenus JanenschiaWild 1991Species J robustaBinomial name Janenschia robusta Fraas 1908 Alternate viewDiscovery and naming EditJanenschia has had a convoluted nomenclatural history In 1907 Eberhard Fraas at site P nine hundred metres to the southeast of Tendaguru Hill discovered two skeletons of gigantic sauropods They were designated as Skeleton A and Skeleton B The fossils were transported to the collection of the Stuttgarter Naturaliensammlung in Stuttgart Germany Fraas in 1908 decided to name both skeletons as different species of one genus Gigantosaurus Skeleton A became Gigantosaurus africanus and skeleton B became Gigantosaurus robustus The latter species was based on the holotype partial skeleton SMNS 12144 consisting of a right hindlimb The specific name was inspired by the heavy build of the animal 1 While doing so Fraas knew full well that the name Gigantosaurus was already preoccupied by another taxon Gigantosaurus megalonyx named by Harry Govier Seeley in 1869 Fraas thought his actions could be justified by the fact that the description by Seeley had been limited and that the material of G megalonyx had since been referred to another genus Ornithopsis by Richard Lydekker 2 3 4 5 6 In 1911 Richard Sternfeld renamed Gigantosaurus Fraas 1908 into Tornieria pointing out that Fraas s arguments had been irrelevant Tornieria africana became the type species of the new genus 7 G robustus was placed in Tornieria as T robusta Sternfeld s move was not well received in Germany as he had acted without consent of the ailing Fraas In 1922 Werner Janensch who at the Tendaguru had collected additional material in an article describing the hand of the animal announced that he would keep using the name Gigantosaurus robustus He claimed that G megalonyx was a forgotten nomen oblitum and that the rules of the zoological nomenclature should be disregarded if they caused instability by replacing a well known name by a completely new one At the same time he synonymized Tornieria with Barosaurus as regarded its type species which then became a Barosaurus africanus 8 Janensch for the remainder of his career would consistently apply the name Gigantosaurus robustus In 1928 Sidney Henry Haughton exceptionally assigned Tornieria robusta to Barosaurus also as a Barosaurus robustus 9 In 1930 Baron Franz Nopcsa rejected Janensch s arguments He admitted that Sternfeld had been discourteous but pointed out that the ICZN only in 1927 recommended that the original author should be involved in such name changes It would thus be absurd to object to an article written in 1911 and in any case the lack of courtesy had no bearing on the validity of the name Nopcsa had found several later mentions of G megalonyx which thus had not been a nomen oblitum Furthermore Gigantosaurus robustus had prior to 1922 not exactly been a well known name itself Distasteful as it might be Nopcsa concluded it was inevitable to consider Tornieria to be a valid name 10 SMNS 12144 was subsequently referred to Tornieria by other authors 11 12 13 14 In 1991 German palaeontologist Rupert Wild of the Stuttgart Museum of Natural Sciences clarified the taxonomic status of G robustus by concluding that it was generically distinct from Tornieria He renamed it Janenschia in honor of Werner Janensch who had studied the vertebrate fauna from Tendaguru Janenschia was placed in the family Titanosauridae making it the oldest member of Titanosauria 15 A number of specimens formerly assigned to Janenschia have been recognized as distinct genera Two anterior dorsal vertebrae and a possible posterior cervical vertebra previously referred to the genus were named Tendaguria in 2000 16 On the other hand the caudal vertebral series MB R 2091 1 30 does not overlap with SMNS 12144 and instead represents the first taxon of Mamenchisauridae from outside Asia Wamweracaudia 17 18 Recent cladistic analysis places Janenschia as a non titanosauriform sauropod 19 18 References Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Janenschia Dinosaurs portal Fraas E 1908 Dinosaurierfunde in Ostafrika Jahreshefte des Vereins fur Vaterlandische Naturkunde in Wurttemberg 64 84 86 E Fraas 1908 Ostafrikanische Dinosaurier Mitteilungen aus dem Koniglichen Naturalien Kabinett zu Stuttgart 55 61 105 144 E Fraas 1908 Dinosaurier in Deutsch Ostafrika Die Umschau 12 48 943 948 E Fraas 1911 Die ostafrikanischen Dinosaurier Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturfoscher und Arzte 83 1 27 41 E Fraas 1912 Die ostafrikanischen Dinosaurier Sammlung Wissenschaftlicher Vortrage 1 3 21 Lydekker R 1888 Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum Natural History Part I Containing the Orders Ornithosauria Crocodilia Dinosauria Squamata Rhynchocephalia and Proterosauria British Museum Natural History London 309 pp R Sternfeld 1911 Zur Nomenklatur der Gattung Gigantosaurus Fraas On the nomenclature of the genus Gigantosaurus Fraas Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 8 398 Janensch W 1922 Das Handskelett von Gigantosaurus robustus und Brachiosaurus brancai aus den Tendaguru Schichten Deutsch Ostafrikas Centralblatt fur Mineralogie Geologie und Palaontologie 1922 464 480 Haughton S H 1928 On some reptilian remains from the Dinosaur Beds of Nyasaland Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 16 67 75 doi 10 1080 00359192809519658 Nopcsa F 1930 Zur Systematik und Biologie der Sauropoden Palaeobiologica 3 40 52 Stromer E 1932 Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof E Stromers in den Wusten Agyptens II Wirbeltierreste der Baharije Stufe unterstes Cenoman 11 Sauropoda Results of the expeditions of Professor E Stromer in the Egyptian deserts II Vertebrate animal remains from the Baharije bed lowest Cenomanian 11 Sauropoda Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung Neue Folge 10 1 21 Steel R 1970 Part 14 Saurischia Handbuch der Palaoherpetologie Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology Gustav Fischer Verlag Stuttgart pp 1 87 Jain S L Kutty T S Roy Chowdhury T K and Chatterjee S 1979 Some characteristics of Barapasaurus tagorei a sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic of Deccan India In B Laskar amp C S Raja Rao eds Fourth International Gondwana Symposium Papers Hindustan Publishing Corporation Delhi 1 204 216 Buffetaut E 1989 Une vertebre de Dinosaure Titanosauride dans le Cenomanien du Mans et ses implications paleobiogeographiques A titanosaurid dinosaur vertebra in the Cenomanian of Le Mans and its paleobiogeographic implications Comptes Rendus de l Academie des Sciences de Paris Serie II 309 437 443 Wild R 1991 Janenschia n g robusta E Fraas 1908 pro Tornieria robusta E Fraas 1908 Reptilia Saurischia Sauropodomorpha Janenschia n g robusta E Fraas 1908 for Tornieria robusta E Fraas 1908 Reptilia Saurischia Sauropodomorpha Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde Serie B Geologie und Palaontologie 173 1 4 Bonaparte J F Heinrich W D Wild R 2000 Review of Janenschia Wild with the description of a new sauropod from the Tendaguru beds of Tanzania and a discussion on the systematic value of procoelous caudal vertebrae in the Sauropoda Palaeontographica Abteilung A 256 1 3 25 76 Mannion Philip D Upchurch Paul Barnes Rosie N Mateus Octavio 2013 Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis Macronaria and the evolutionary history of basal titanosauriforms PDF Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 168 98 206 doi 10 1111 zoj 12029 a b Philip D Mannion Paul Upchurch Daniela Schwarz Oliver Wings Taxonomic affinities of the putative titanosaurs from the Late Jurassic Tendaguru Formation of Tanzania phylogenetic and biogeographic implications for eusauropod dinosaur evolution Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society zly068 https doi org 10 1093 zoolinnean zly068 Upchurch P Mannion P D Taylor M P 2015 The Anatomy and Phylogenetic Relationships of Pelorosaurus becklesii Neosauropoda Macronaria from the Early Cretaceous of England PLOS ONE 10 6 e0125819 Bibcode 2015PLoSO 1025819U doi 10 1371 journal pone 0125819 PMC 4454574 PMID 26039587 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Janenschia amp oldid 1102796226, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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