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Tournai Cathedral

January 01, 1970

The Cathedral of Our Lady (French: Notre-Dame de Tournai, Dutch: Onze-Lieve-Vrouw van Doornik), or Tournai Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic cathedral, see of the Diocese of Tournai in Tournai, Belgium. It has been classified both as a Wallonia's major heritage since 1936[5] and as a World Heritage Site since 2000.

Our Lady of Tournai
Notre-Dame de Tournai
Onze-Lieve-Vrouw van Doornik
View of the five Romanesque towers of the Cathedral of Tournai (12th century)
Religion
AffiliationRoman Catholic
DistrictDiocese of Tournai
Ecclesiastical or organizational statusCathedral
LeadershipBishop Guy Harpigny
Location
LocationTournai, Hainaut, Belgium
Geographic coordinates50°36′23.58″N 3°23′19.89″E / 50.6065500°N 3.3888583°E / 50.6065500; 3.3888583
Architecture
Architect(s)Building: unknown [1]
Sacristy: G. Hersecap[1]
Holy Spirit chapel: Simon Vollant[1]
TypeChurch
StyleRomanesque, Gothic, French Baroque
GroundbreakingNave: 1140 and 1171[2]
Transepts: 1199–1213[1]
Transept vaults: 1243–1255[1]
Gothic choir:1243–1255[1]
Sacristy: 1676[1]
Holy Spirit chapel: 1680[1][3]
Completed1700[1]
Specifications
Direction of façadeNW
Length134 metres (440 ft)
Width60 metres (200 ft)
Width (nave)20 metres (66 ft)
Height (max)83 metres (272 ft)
Spire(s)5 (7 planned)
Spire height83 metres (272 ft)
Official name: Notre-Dame Cathedral in Tournai
TypeCultural
Criteriaii, iv
Designated2000[4]
Reference no.1009
State Party Belgium
RegionEurope and North America
Session24th
Website
www.cathedrale-tournai.be

History edit

Early history edit

There was a diocese centered at Tournai from the late 6th century and this structure of local blue-gray stone occupies rising ground near the south bank of the Scheldt, which divides the city of Tournai into two roughly equal parts. Begun in the 12th century on even older foundations, the building combines the work of three design periods with striking effect, the heavy and severe character of the Romanesque nave contrasting remarkably with the transitional work of the transept and the fully developed Gothic of the choir. The transept is the most distinctive part of the building, with its cluster of five bell towers and apsidal (semicircular) ends.

 
Southern transept and towers

The nave belongs mostly to the first third of the 12th century. Prefiguring the Early Gothic style, it has a second-tier gallery between the ground-floor arcade and the triforium. Pilasters between the round-arched windows in the clerestory help support the 18th-century vaulting that replaced the original ceiling, which was of wood, and flat.

The transept arms, built in about the mid-12th century, have apsidal ends, a feature borrowed in all probability from certain Rhenish churches, and which would appear to have made its influence felt in the north-east of France, as at Noyon and Soissons. The square towers that flank the transept arms reach a height of 83 metres (272 ft). They vary in detail, some of the arcade work with which they are enriched being in the round-arched and some in the pointed style.

 
West portico

Bishop Gautier de Marvis had the earlier Romanesque choir demolished in the 13th century, in order to replace it with a Gothic choir of much grander dimensions, inspired by the likes of Amiens Cathedral. The construction of the new choir began in 1242, and ended in 1255. The rest of the cathedral was supposed to be rebuilt in the same style as the choir, but this was never attempted, the only later additions being the western porch, and a large Gothic chapel which was built alongside one of the side aisles, whose original walls and windows disappeared in the process.

The rood screen is a Renaissance masterpiece by Flemish sculptor Cornelis Floris and dates from 1573.

The glass-stained windows were made by Arnold of Nijmegen and date from 1507.[6]

Damage and restoration edit

The cathedral was damaged by a severe tornado on the 24 August 1999. Assessment of the damage revealed underlying structural problems and the cathedral has been undergoing extensive repairs and archaeological investigation ever since. The Brunin Tower was stabilised in 2003.

In recognition of Tournai cathedral's cultural value, UNESCO designated the building a World Heritage Site in 2000.

Specifications edit

  • Total length: 134 metres (440 ft)
Towers
  • Number: 5
  • Height: 83 metres (272 ft)
Nave
  • Height: 26 metres (85 ft)
  • Length: 48 metres (157 ft)
  • Width : 20 metres (66 ft)
Choir
  • Height outside: 58 metres (190 ft)
  • Height inside: 47 metres (154 ft)
  • Width: 36 metres (118 ft)
Transept
  • Height: 48 metres (157 ft)
  • Length: 66.5 metres (218 ft)
  • Width : 14 metres (46 ft)

Bells edit

Tournai Cathedral has five bells: Marc, Marie-Nicolas, Marie-Étienne, Marie-Gasparine (also known as Marie-Pontoise by Tournaisians) and Catherine. Marie-Gasparine and Marie-Étienne are considered bourdon bells due to their deep notes. Marie-Gasparine is the largest of the five bells, it was cast in 1843 and weighs 9 tons.

Burials edit

Gallery edit

  •  
    Aerial view
  •  
    Nave, facing toward choir
  •  
    Reconstruction showing the original Romanesque choir (front) and two never-built towers (back)
  •  
    Floor plan
  •  
    The issue of souls in purgatory (Rubens, c. 1635)
  •  
    Rose window (Benvignat and Capronier, 19th century) and pipe organ (Ducroquet, 1854)
  •  
    Stained-glass windows

See also edit

References edit

Citations
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Description of the Cathedral of Our Lady of Tournai". Picture Library. Royal Institute for the Study and Conservation of Belgium's Artistic Heritage. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  2. ^ Bony 1983, p. 159
  3. ^ Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Tournai. "La chapelle du Saint-Esprit". Official website (in French). Diocèse de Tournai. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  4. ^ "Notre-Dame Cathedral in Tournai". Whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  5. ^ "L'ensemble de la Cathédrale Notre-Dame à l'exception de l'orgue de choeur (partie instrumentale et buffet)". Patrimoine Wallon (in French). Direction de la Protection - Région Wallone. Retrieved 7 July 2011. - n° 57081-CLT-0002-01 - 5 February 1936
  6. ^ "Arnold of Nijmegen". Visit Stained Glass. Retrieved 2024-01-03.
Bibliography
  • "Tournai Cathedral (Belgium)" (PDF). Evaluation by ICOMOS (Report). UNESCO. 2000. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  • Bony, Jean (1983). French Gothic architecture of the 12th and 13th centuries. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-05586-5.

External links edit

  •   Media related to Cathédrale Notre-Dame (Tournai) at Wikimedia Commons
  • "Complete catalogue of images of the Cathedral of Our Lady of Tournai". Picture Library. Royal Institute for the Study and Conservation of Belgium's Artistic Heritage. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  • "Architectural images of the Cathedral of Our Lady of Tournai". Picture Library. Royal Institute for the Study and Conservation of Belgium's Artistic Heritage. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  • Tournai: Our Lady's Cathedral - from Belgium Travel Network
  • Tournai Cathedral (pdf) - UNESCO site, contains detailed description and history
  • Cathedral Notre-Dame - from official site of the city of Tournai

January 01, 1970
tournai, cathedral, cathedral, lady, french, notre, dame, tournai, dutch, onze, lieve, vrouw, doornik, roman, catholic, cathedral, diocese, tournai, tournai, belgium, been, classified, both, wallonia, major, heritage, since, 1936, world, heritage, site, since,. The Cathedral of Our Lady French Notre Dame de Tournai Dutch Onze Lieve Vrouw van Doornik or Tournai Cathedral is a Roman Catholic cathedral see of the Diocese of Tournai in Tournai Belgium It has been classified both as a Wallonia s major heritage since 1936 5 and as a World Heritage Site since 2000 Our Lady of Tournai Notre Dame de Tournai Onze Lieve Vrouw van DoornikView of the five Romanesque towers of the Cathedral of Tournai 12th century ReligionAffiliationRoman CatholicDistrictDiocese of TournaiEcclesiastical or organizational statusCathedralLeadershipBishop Guy HarpignyLocationLocationTournai Hainaut BelgiumGeographic coordinates50 36 23 58 N 3 23 19 89 E 50 6065500 N 3 3888583 E 50 6065500 3 3888583ArchitectureArchitect s Building unknown 1 Sacristy G Hersecap 1 Holy Spirit chapel Simon Vollant 1 TypeChurchStyleRomanesque Gothic French BaroqueGroundbreakingNave 1140 and 1171 2 Transepts 1199 1213 1 Transept vaults 1243 1255 1 Gothic choir 1243 1255 1 Sacristy 1676 1 Holy Spirit chapel 1680 1 3 Completed1700 1 SpecificationsDirection of facadeNWLength134 metres 440 ft Width60 metres 200 ft Width nave 20 metres 66 ft Height max 83 metres 272 ft Spire s 5 7 planned Spire height83 metres 272 ft UNESCO World Heritage SiteOfficial name Notre Dame Cathedral in TournaiTypeCulturalCriteriaii ivDesignated2000 4 Reference no 1009State Party BelgiumRegionEurope and North AmericaSession24thWebsitewww wbr cathedrale tournai wbr be Contents 1 History 1 1 Early history 1 2 Damage and restoration 2 Specifications 3 Bells 4 Burials 5 Gallery 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksHistory editEarly history edit There was a diocese centered at Tournai from the late 6th century and this structure of local blue gray stone occupies rising ground near the south bank of the Scheldt which divides the city of Tournai into two roughly equal parts Begun in the 12th century on even older foundations the building combines the work of three design periods with striking effect the heavy and severe character of the Romanesque nave contrasting remarkably with the transitional work of the transept and the fully developed Gothic of the choir The transept is the most distinctive part of the building with its cluster of five bell towers and apsidal semicircular ends nbsp Southern transept and towers The nave belongs mostly to the first third of the 12th century Prefiguring the Early Gothic style it has a second tier gallery between the ground floor arcade and the triforium Pilasters between the round arched windows in the clerestory help support the 18th century vaulting that replaced the original ceiling which was of wood and flat The transept arms built in about the mid 12th century have apsidal ends a feature borrowed in all probability from certain Rhenish churches and which would appear to have made its influence felt in the north east of France as at Noyon and Soissons The square towers that flank the transept arms reach a height of 83 metres 272 ft They vary in detail some of the arcade work with which they are enriched being in the round arched and some in the pointed style nbsp West portico Bishop Gautier de Marvis had the earlier Romanesque choir demolished in the 13th century in order to replace it with a Gothic choir of much grander dimensions inspired by the likes of Amiens Cathedral The construction of the new choir began in 1242 and ended in 1255 The rest of the cathedral was supposed to be rebuilt in the same style as the choir but this was never attempted the only later additions being the western porch and a large Gothic chapel which was built alongside one of the side aisles whose original walls and windows disappeared in the process The rood screen is a Renaissance masterpiece by Flemish sculptor Cornelis Floris and dates from 1573 The glass stained windows were made by Arnold of Nijmegen and date from 1507 6 Damage and restoration edit The cathedral was damaged by a severe tornado on the 24 August 1999 Assessment of the damage revealed underlying structural problems and the cathedral has been undergoing extensive repairs and archaeological investigation ever since The Brunin Tower was stabilised in 2003 In recognition of Tournai cathedral s cultural value UNESCO designated the building a World Heritage Site in 2000 Specifications editTotal length 134 metres 440 ft Towers Number 5 Height 83 metres 272 ft Nave Height 26 metres 85 ft Length 48 metres 157 ft Width 20 metres 66 ft Choir Height outside 58 metres 190 ft Height inside 47 metres 154 ft Width 36 metres 118 ft Transept Height 48 metres 157 ft Length 66 5 metres 218 ft Width 14 metres 46 ft Bells editTournai Cathedral has five bells Marc Marie Nicolas Marie Etienne Marie Gasparine also known as Marie Pontoise by Tournaisians and Catherine Marie Gasparine and Marie Etienne are considered bourdon bells due to their deep notes Marie Gasparine is the largest of the five bells it was cast in 1843 and weighs 9 tons Burials editEleutherius of Tournai Nicolas Gombert Adolf Duke of GueldersGallery edit nbsp Aerial view nbsp Nave facing toward choir nbsp Reconstruction showing the original Romanesque choir front and two never built towers back nbsp Floor plan nbsp The issue of souls in purgatory Rubens c 1635 nbsp Rose window Benvignat and Capronier 19th century and pipe organ Ducroquet 1854 nbsp Stained glass windowsSee also editRoman Catholic Marian churches List of tallest structures built before the 20th centuryReferences editCitations a b c d e f g h i Description of the Cathedral of Our Lady of Tournai Picture Library Royal Institute for the Study and Conservation of Belgium s Artistic Heritage Retrieved 7 July 2011 Bony 1983 p 159 Cathedrale Notre Dame de Tournai La chapelle du Saint Esprit Official website in French Diocese de Tournai Retrieved 7 July 2011 Notre Dame Cathedral in Tournai Whc unesco org Retrieved 7 July 2011 L ensemble de la Cathedrale Notre Dame a l exception de l orgue de choeur partie instrumentale et buffet Patrimoine Wallon in French Direction de la Protection Region Wallone Retrieved 7 July 2011 n 57081 CLT 0002 01 5 February 1936 Arnold of Nijmegen Visit Stained Glass Retrieved 2024 01 03 Bibliography Tournai Cathedral Belgium PDF Evaluation by ICOMOS Report UNESCO 2000 Retrieved 7 July 2011 Bony Jean 1983 French Gothic architecture of the 12th and 13th centuries Berkeley University of California Press ISBN 978 0 520 05586 5 External links edit nbsp Media related to Cathedrale Notre Dame Tournai at Wikimedia Commons Complete catalogue of images of the Cathedral of Our Lady of Tournai Picture Library Royal Institute for the Study and Conservation of Belgium s Artistic Heritage Retrieved 7 July 2011 Architectural images of the Cathedral of Our Lady of Tournai Picture Library Royal Institute for the Study and Conservation of Belgium s Artistic Heritage Retrieved 7 July 2011 Tournai Our Lady s Cathedral from Belgium Travel Network Tournai Cathedral pdf UNESCO site contains detailed description and history Cathedral Notre Dame from official site of the city of Tournai Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tournai Cathedral amp oldid 1193393402, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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