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Notothenioidei

January 01, 1970

See also: Antarctic fishes

Notothenioidei is one of 19 suborders of the order Perciformes. The group is found mainly in Antarctic and Subantarctic waters, with some species ranging north to southern Australia and southern South America.[2][3] Notothenioids constitute approximately 90% of the fish biomass in the continental shelf waters surrounding Antarctica.[4]

Notothenioidei
Temporal range: Eocene–present
Six Notothenioidei, illustrations based on "Antarctic Fish and Fisheries" (K.-H. Kock, 1992)
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Suborder: Notothenioidei
Regan, 1913[1]
Families

see text

Evolution and geographic distribution edit

The Southern Ocean has supported fish habitats for 400 million years; however, modern notothenioids likely appeared sometime after the Eocene epoch.[3] This period marked the cooling of the Southern Ocean, resulting in the stable, frigid conditions that have persisted to the present day.[3] Another key factor in the evolution of notothenioids is the preponderance of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), a large, slow-moving current that extends to the seafloor and precludes most migration to and from the Antarctic region.[3] The earliest known notothenioid is the fossil Mesetaichthys from the Eocene La Meseta Formation of Seymour Island, which already shows close similarities with the extant Dissostichus.[5]

These unique environmental conditions in concert with the key evolutionary innovation of Antifreeze glycoprotein promoted widespread radiation within the suborder, leading to the rapid development of new species.[6] [7] Their adaptive radiation is characterized by depth related diversification.[3] Comparison studies between non-Antarctic and Antarctic species have revealed different ecological processes and genetic differences between the two groups of fish, such as the loss of hemoglobin (in the family Channichthyidae) and changes in buoyancy.[3]

They are distributed mainly throughout the Southern Ocean around the coasts of New Zealand, southern South America, and Antarctica.[8] An estimated 79% of species reside within the Antarctic region.[3] They primarily inhabit seawater temperatures between −2 and 4 °C (28 and 39 °F); however, some of the non-Antarctic species inhabit waters that may be as warm as 10 °C (50 °F) around New Zealand and South America.[9] Seawater temperatures below the freezing point of freshwater (0 °C or 32 °F) are possible due to the greater salinity in the Southern Ocean waters.[10] Notothenioids have an estimated depth range of about 0–1,500 m (0–4,921 ft).[3]

Anatomy edit

Notothenioids display a morphology that is largely typical of other coastal perciform fishes. They are not distinguished by a single physical trait, but rather a distinctive set of morphological traits.[3] These include the presence of three flat pectoral fin radials, nostrils located laterally on each side of the head, the lack of a swim bladder, and the presence of multiple lateral lines.[3]

Because notothenioids lack a swim bladder, the majority of species are benthic or demersal in nature.[3] However, a depth-related diversification has given rise to some species attaining increased buoyancy, using lipid deposits in tissues and reduced ossification of bony structures.[3] This reduced ossification of the skeleton (observed in some notothenioids) changes the weight and creates neutral buoyancy in the water, where the fish neither sinks nor floats, and can thus adjust its depth with ease.[3]

Physiology edit

Notothenioids have a variety of physiological and biochemical adaptations that either permit survival in, or are possible only because of, the generally cold, stable seawater temperatures of the Southern Ocean. These include highly unsaturated membrane lipids[11] and metabolic compensation in enzymatic activity.[12] Many notothenoids have lost the nearly universal heat shock response (HSR)[13] due to evolution at cold and stable temperatures.[14]

Many notothenioid fishes are able to survive in the freezing, ice-laden waters of the Southern Ocean because of the presence of an antifreeze glycoprotein in blood and body fluids.[15] Although many of the Antarctic species have antifreeze proteins in their body fluids, not all of them do. Some non-Antarctic species either produce no or very little antifreeze, and antifreeze concentrations in some species are very low in young, larval fish.[3] They also possess aglomerular kidneys, an adaptation that aids the retention of these antifreeze proteins.[16]

While the majority of animal species have up to 45% of hemoglobin (or other oxygen-binding and oxygen-transporting pigments) in their blood, the notothenioids of the family Channichthyidae do not express any globin proteins in their blood.[17] As a result, the oxygen-carrying capacity of their blood is reduced to less than 10% that of other fishes.[17] This trait likely arose due to the high oxygen solubility of the Southern Ocean waters. At cold temperatures, the oxygen solubility of water is enhanced.[18] The loss of hemoglobin is partially compensated in these species by the presence of a large, slow-beating heart and enlarged blood vessels that transport a large volume of blood under low pressure to enhance cardiac output.[17][19] Despite these compensations, the loss of globin proteins still results in reduced physiological performance.[17]

Systematics edit

Naming edit

Notothenioidei was first described as a separate grouping, as a "division" he named Nototheniiformes, by the British ichthyologist Charles Tate Regan in 1913.[1], this subsequently has been considered as a suborder of the Percifomes.[20] The name is based on the genus Notothenia, a name coined by Sir John Richardson in 1841 and which means “coming from the south”, a reference to the Antarctic distribution of the genus.[21]

Families edit

This classification follows Eastman and Eakin, 2000[2] and includes references to additional classified species.[22][23] Most species are restricted to the vicinity of Antarctica.

References edit

  1. ^ a b Charles T. Regan (1913). "Antarctic fishes of the Scottish National Antarctic expedition". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh B. 49 (Part II (Part 2)).
  2. ^ a b J. T. Eastman & R. R. Eakin (2000). "An updated species list for notothenioid fish (Percifomes; Notothenioidei), with comments on Antarctic species" (PDF). Arch. Fish. Mar. Res. 48 (1): 11–20.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Eastman, Joseph (1993). Antarctic Fish Biology: Evolution in a Unique Environment. San Diego, California: Academic Press, Inc.
  4. ^ Gon, O and Heemstra, PC (1992). "Fishes of the Southern Ocean". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 67: 220–221.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ a b Bieńkowska-Wasiluk, M.; Bonde, N.; Møller, P. R.; Gaździcki, A. (2013). "Eocene relatives of cod icefishes (Perciformes: Notothenioidei) from Seymour Island, Antarctica". Geological Quarterly. 57 (4). ISSN 1641-7291.
  6. ^ Clarke, A and Johnston, IA (1996). "Evolution and adaptive radiation of Antarctic fishes" (PDF). TREE. 11 (5): 212–218. doi:10.1016/0169-5347(96)10029-x. PMID 21237811.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ Near, TJ, Dornburg, A, Kuhn, KA, Eastman, JT, Pennington, JT, Patarnello, T, Zane, L, Fernández, DA, and Jones, CD (2012). "Ancient climate change, antifreeze, and the evolutionary diversification of antarctic fishes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (9): 3434–9. Bibcode:2012PNAS..109.3434N. doi:10.1073/pnas.1115169109. PMC 3295276. PMID 22331888.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Eastman, J and Grande, L (1989). "Evolution of the Antarctic fish fauna with emphasis on the Recent notothenioids". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 47 (1): 241–252. Bibcode:1989GSLSP..47..241E. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.897.9784. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.047.01.18. S2CID 84516955.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ "Surface Temperature - NOAA's Science On a Sphere". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2018.
  10. ^ Adkins, J; et al. (29 November 2002). "The Salinity, Temperature, and δ18O of the Glacial Deep Ocean". Science Magazine. Vol. 298, no. 5599. pp. 1769–1773. doi:10.1126/science.1076252. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
  11. ^ Logue, JA; et al. (2000). "Lipid compositional correlates of temperature-adaptive interspecific differences in membrane physical structure". Journal of Experimental Biology. 203 (Pt 14): 2105–2115. doi:10.1242/jeb.203.14.2105. PMID 10862723.
  12. ^ Kawall, HG; et al. (2002). "Metabolic cold adaptation in Antarctic fishes: Evidence from enzymatic activities of the brain". Marine Biology. 140 (2): 279–286. doi:10.1007/s002270100695. S2CID 84943879.
  13. ^ Bilyk, KT, Vargas-Chacoff, L, and Cheng CHC (2018). "Evolution in chronic cold: varied loss of cellular response to heat in Antarctic notothenioid fish". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 18 (1): 143. doi:10.1186/s12862-018-1254-6. PMC 6146603. PMID 30231868.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ Beers, JM, and Jayasundara, N. (2015). "Antarctic notothenioid fish: What are the future consequences of 'losses' and 'gains' acquired during long-term evolution at cold and stable temperatures?". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 218 (Pt 12): 1834–45. doi:10.1242/jeb.116129. PMID 26085661.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ Chen, L; et al. (1997). "Evolution of antifreeze glycoprotein gene from a trypsinogen gene in Antarctic notothenioid fish". PNAS. 94 (8): 3811–3816. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.3811C. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.8.3811. PMC 20523. PMID 9108060.
  16. ^ Burton, Derek; Burton, Margaret (2017-12-21). Essential Fish Biology. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198785552.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-878555-2.
  17. ^ a b c d Sidell, B and O'Brien, KM (2006). "When bad things happen to good fish: the loss of hemoglobin and myoglobin expression in Antarctic icefishes" (PDF). The Journal of Experimental Biology. 209 (Pt 10): 1791–1802. doi:10.1242/jeb.02091. PMID 16651546.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ "Dissolved Oxygen". University of Rhode Island Office of Marine Programs. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
  19. ^ Joyce, W; et al. (2019). "Adrenergic and Adenosinergic Regulation of the Cardiovascular System in an Antarctic Icefish: Insight into Central and Peripheral Determinants of Cardiac Output" (PDF). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 230: 28–38. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.12.012. PMID 30594528. S2CID 58589102.
  20. ^ Gosline, William A. (1968). "The Suborders of Perciform Fishes". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 124 (3647): 1–78. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.124-3647.1.
  21. ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (12 April 2021). "Order Perciformes: Suborder Notothenoididei: Families Bovichtidae, Pseaudaphritidae, Elegopinidae, Nototheniidae, Harpagiferidae, Artedidraconidae, Bathydraconidae, Channichthyidae and Percophidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
  22. ^ Last, P.R., A.V. Balushkin and J.B. Hutchins (2002): Halaphritis platycephala (Notothenioidei: Bovichtidae): a new genus and species of temperate icefish from southeastern Australia. Copeia 2002(2):433-440.
  23. ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2013). Species of Channichthys in FishBase. February 2013 version.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 001–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  25. ^ a b c Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Bovichtidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  26. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Pseudaphritidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  27. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Eleginopsidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Notothenidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  29. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Harpagiferidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  30. ^ a b c d Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Artedidraconidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  31. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Bathydraconidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Channichthyidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 9 September 2021.

Further reading edit

  • Macdonald, J. A. (2004). "Notothenioidei (Southern Cod-Icefishes)". In M. Hutchins, R. W. Garrison, V. Geist, P. V. Loiselle, N. Schlager, M. C. McDade, ...W. E. Duellman (Eds.), Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia (2nd ed., Vol. 5, pp. 321–329). Detroit: Gale.

January 01, 1970
notothenioidei, also, antarctic, fishes, suborders, order, perciformes, group, found, mainly, antarctic, subantarctic, waters, with, some, species, ranging, north, southern, australia, southern, south, america, notothenioids, constitute, approximately, fish, b. See also Antarctic fishes Notothenioidei is one of 19 suborders of the order Perciformes The group is found mainly in Antarctic and Subantarctic waters with some species ranging north to southern Australia and southern South America 2 3 Notothenioids constitute approximately 90 of the fish biomass in the continental shelf waters surrounding Antarctica 4 NotothenioideiTemporal range Eocene present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Six Notothenioidei illustrations based on Antarctic Fish and Fisheries K H Kock 1992 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Actinopterygii Order Perciformes Suborder NotothenioideiRegan 1913 1 Families see text Contents 1 Evolution and geographic distribution 2 Anatomy 3 Physiology 4 Systematics 4 1 Naming 4 2 Families 5 References 6 Further readingEvolution and geographic distribution editThe Southern Ocean has supported fish habitats for 400 million years however modern notothenioids likely appeared sometime after the Eocene epoch 3 This period marked the cooling of the Southern Ocean resulting in the stable frigid conditions that have persisted to the present day 3 Another key factor in the evolution of notothenioids is the preponderance of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current ACC a large slow moving current that extends to the seafloor and precludes most migration to and from the Antarctic region 3 The earliest known notothenioid is the fossil Mesetaichthys from the Eocene La Meseta Formation of Seymour Island which already shows close similarities with the extant Dissostichus 5 These unique environmental conditions in concert with the key evolutionary innovation of Antifreeze glycoprotein promoted widespread radiation within the suborder leading to the rapid development of new species 6 7 Their adaptive radiation is characterized by depth related diversification 3 Comparison studies between non Antarctic and Antarctic species have revealed different ecological processes and genetic differences between the two groups of fish such as the loss of hemoglobin in the family Channichthyidae and changes in buoyancy 3 They are distributed mainly throughout the Southern Ocean around the coasts of New Zealand southern South America and Antarctica 8 An estimated 79 of species reside within the Antarctic region 3 They primarily inhabit seawater temperatures between 2 and 4 C 28 and 39 F however some of the non Antarctic species inhabit waters that may be as warm as 10 C 50 F around New Zealand and South America 9 Seawater temperatures below the freezing point of freshwater 0 C or 32 F are possible due to the greater salinity in the Southern Ocean waters 10 Notothenioids have an estimated depth range of about 0 1 500 m 0 4 921 ft 3 Anatomy editNotothenioids display a morphology that is largely typical of other coastal perciform fishes They are not distinguished by a single physical trait but rather a distinctive set of morphological traits 3 These include the presence of three flat pectoral fin radials nostrils located laterally on each side of the head the lack of a swim bladder and the presence of multiple lateral lines 3 Because notothenioids lack a swim bladder the majority of species are benthic or demersal in nature 3 However a depth related diversification has given rise to some species attaining increased buoyancy using lipid deposits in tissues and reduced ossification of bony structures 3 This reduced ossification of the skeleton observed in some notothenioids changes the weight and creates neutral buoyancy in the water where the fish neither sinks nor floats and can thus adjust its depth with ease 3 Physiology editNotothenioids have a variety of physiological and biochemical adaptations that either permit survival in or are possible only because of the generally cold stable seawater temperatures of the Southern Ocean These include highly unsaturated membrane lipids 11 and metabolic compensation in enzymatic activity 12 Many notothenoids have lost the nearly universal heat shock response HSR 13 due to evolution at cold and stable temperatures 14 Many notothenioid fishes are able to survive in the freezing ice laden waters of the Southern Ocean because of the presence of an antifreeze glycoprotein in blood and body fluids 15 Although many of the Antarctic species have antifreeze proteins in their body fluids not all of them do Some non Antarctic species either produce no or very little antifreeze and antifreeze concentrations in some species are very low in young larval fish 3 They also possess aglomerular kidneys an adaptation that aids the retention of these antifreeze proteins 16 While the majority of animal species have up to 45 of hemoglobin or other oxygen binding and oxygen transporting pigments in their blood the notothenioids of the family Channichthyidae do not express any globin proteins in their blood 17 As a result the oxygen carrying capacity of their blood is reduced to less than 10 that of other fishes 17 This trait likely arose due to the high oxygen solubility of the Southern Ocean waters At cold temperatures the oxygen solubility of water is enhanced 18 The loss of hemoglobin is partially compensated in these species by the presence of a large slow beating heart and enlarged blood vessels that transport a large volume of blood under low pressure to enhance cardiac output 17 19 Despite these compensations the loss of globin proteins still results in reduced physiological performance 17 Systematics editNaming edit Notothenioidei was first described as a separate grouping as a division he named Nototheniiformes by the British ichthyologist Charles Tate Regan in 1913 1 this subsequently has been considered as a suborder of the Percifomes 20 The name is based on the genus Notothenia a name coined by Sir John Richardson in 1841 and which means coming from the south a reference to the Antarctic distribution of the genus 21 Families edit This classification follows Eastman and Eakin 2000 2 and includes references to additional classified species 22 23 Most species are restricted to the vicinity of Antarctica Genus Mesetaichthys Bienkowska Wasiluk Bonde Moller amp Gazdzicki 2013 Eocene of Seymour Island 5 Family Bovichtidae Gill 1862 24 Genus Bovichtus Valenciennes 1832 25 Genus Cottoperca Steindachner 1875 25 Genus Halaphritis Last Balushkin amp Hutchins 2002 25 Family Pseudaphritidae McCulloch 1929 24 Genus Pseudaphritis Castelnau 1872 26 Family Eleginopsidae Gill 1893 24 Genus Eleginops Gill 1862 27 Family Nototheniidae Gunther 1861 24 Genus Aethotaxis H H DeWitt 1962 28 Genus Cryothenia Daniels 1981 28 Genus Dissostichus Smitt 1898 28 Genus Gobionotothen Balushkin 1976 28 Genus Gvozdarus Balushkin 1989 28 Genus Lepidonotothen Balushkin 1976 28 Genus Lindbergichthys Balushkin 1979 28 Genus Notothenia Richardson 1844 28 Genus Nototheniops Balushkin 1976 28 Genus Pagothenia Nichols amp La Monte 1936 P 28 Genus Paranotothenia Balushkin 1976 28 Genus Patagonotothen Balushkin 1976 28 Genus Pleuragramma Balushkin 1982 28 Genus TrematomusBoulenger 1902 28 Family Harpagiferidae Gill 1861 24 Genus Harpagifer Richardson 1844 29 Family Artedidraconidae Andriashev 1967 24 Genus Artedidraco Lonnberg 1905 30 Genus Dolloidraco Roule 1913 30 Genus Histiodraco Regan 1914 30 Genus Pogonophryne Regan 1914 30 Family Bathydraconidae Regan 1913 24 Genus Acanthodraco Skora 1995 31 Genus Akarotaxis DeWitt amp Hureau 1980 31 Genus Bathydraco Gunther 1878 31 Genus Cygnodraco Waite 1916 31 Genus Gerlachea Dollo 1900 31 Genus Gymnodraco Boulenger 1902 31 Genus Parachaenichthys Boulenger 1902 31 Genus Prionodraco Regan 1914 one species 31 Genus Psilodraco Norman 1937 31 Genus Racovitzia Dollo 1900 31 Genus Vomeridens DeWitt amp Hureau 1980 31 Family Channichthyidae Gill 1861 24 Genus Chaenocephalus Richardson 1844 32 Genus Chaenodraco Regan 1914 32 Genus Champsocephalus Gill 1861 two species 32 Genus Channichthys Richardson 1844 32 Genus Chionobathyscus Andriashev amp Neyelov 1978 32 Genus Chionodraco Lonnberg 1905 32 Genus Cryodraco Dollo 1900 32 Genus Dacodraco Waite 1916 32 Genus Neopagetopsis Nybelin 1947 32 Genus Pagetopsis Regan 1913 32 Genus Pseudochaenichthys Norman 1937 32 References edit a b Charles T Regan 1913 Antarctic fishes of the Scottish National Antarctic expedition Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh B 49 Part II Part 2 a b J T Eastman amp R R Eakin 2000 An updated species list for notothenioid fish Percifomes Notothenioidei with comments on Antarctic species PDF Arch Fish Mar Res 48 1 11 20 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Eastman Joseph 1993 Antarctic Fish Biology Evolution in a Unique Environment San Diego California Academic Press Inc Gon O and Heemstra PC 1992 Fishes of the Southern Ocean The Quarterly Review of Biology 67 220 221 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link a b Bienkowska Wasiluk M Bonde N Moller P R Gazdzicki A 2013 Eocene relatives of cod icefishes Perciformes Notothenioidei from Seymour Island Antarctica Geological Quarterly 57 4 ISSN 1641 7291 Clarke A and Johnston IA 1996 Evolution and adaptive radiation of Antarctic fishes PDF TREE 11 5 212 218 doi 10 1016 0169 5347 96 10029 x PMID 21237811 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Near TJ Dornburg A Kuhn KA Eastman JT Pennington JT Patarnello T Zane L Fernandez DA and Jones CD 2012 Ancient climate change antifreeze and the evolutionary diversification of antarctic fishes Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109 9 3434 9 Bibcode 2012PNAS 109 3434N doi 10 1073 pnas 1115169109 PMC 3295276 PMID 22331888 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Eastman J and Grande L 1989 Evolution of the Antarctic fish fauna with emphasis on the Recent notothenioids Geological Society London Special Publications 47 1 241 252 Bibcode 1989GSLSP 47 241E CiteSeerX 10 1 1 897 9784 doi 10 1144 GSL SP 1989 047 01 18 S2CID 84516955 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Surface Temperature NOAA s Science On a Sphere National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2018 Adkins J et al 29 November 2002 The Salinity Temperature and d18O of the Glacial Deep Ocean Science Magazine Vol 298 no 5599 pp 1769 1773 doi 10 1126 science 1076252 Retrieved 22 January 2019 Logue JA et al 2000 Lipid compositional correlates of temperature adaptive interspecific differences in membrane physical structure Journal of Experimental Biology 203 Pt 14 2105 2115 doi 10 1242 jeb 203 14 2105 PMID 10862723 Kawall HG et al 2002 Metabolic cold adaptation in Antarctic fishes Evidence from enzymatic activities of the brain Marine Biology 140 2 279 286 doi 10 1007 s002270100695 S2CID 84943879 Bilyk KT Vargas Chacoff L and Cheng CHC 2018 Evolution in chronic cold varied loss of cellular response to heat in Antarctic notothenioid fish BMC Evolutionary Biology 18 1 143 doi 10 1186 s12862 018 1254 6 PMC 6146603 PMID 30231868 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Beers JM and Jayasundara N 2015 Antarctic notothenioid fish What are the future consequences of losses and gains acquired during long term evolution at cold and stable temperatures The Journal of Experimental Biology 218 Pt 12 1834 45 doi 10 1242 jeb 116129 PMID 26085661 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Chen L et al 1997 Evolution of antifreeze glycoprotein gene from a trypsinogen gene in Antarctic notothenioid fish PNAS 94 8 3811 3816 Bibcode 1997PNAS 94 3811C doi 10 1073 pnas 94 8 3811 PMC 20523 PMID 9108060 Burton Derek Burton Margaret 2017 12 21 Essential Fish Biology Vol 1 Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 oso 9780198785552 001 0001 ISBN 978 0 19 878555 2 a b c d Sidell B and O Brien KM 2006 When bad things happen to good fish the loss of hemoglobin and myoglobin expression in Antarctic icefishes PDF The Journal of Experimental Biology 209 Pt 10 1791 1802 doi 10 1242 jeb 02091 PMID 16651546 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Dissolved Oxygen University of Rhode Island Office of Marine Programs Retrieved 22 January 2019 Joyce W et al 2019 Adrenergic and Adenosinergic Regulation of the Cardiovascular System in an Antarctic Icefish Insight into Central and Peripheral Determinants of Cardiac Output PDF Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular amp Integrative Physiology 230 28 38 doi 10 1016 j cbpa 2018 12 012 PMID 30594528 S2CID 58589102 Gosline William A 1968 The Suborders of Perciform Fishes Proceedings of the United States National Museum 124 3647 1 78 doi 10 5479 si 00963801 124 3647 1 Christopher Scharpf amp Kenneth J Lazara eds 12 April 2021 Order Perciformes Suborder Notothenoididei Families Bovichtidae Pseaudaphritidae Elegopinidae Nototheniidae Harpagiferidae Artedidraconidae Bathydraconidae Channichthyidae and Percophidae The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J Lazara Retrieved 10 September 2021 Last P R A V Balushkin and J B Hutchins 2002 Halaphritis platycephala Notothenioidei Bovichtidae a new genus and species of temperate icefish from southeastern Australia Copeia 2002 2 433 440 Froese Rainer and Daniel Pauly eds 2013 Species of Channichthys in FishBase February 2013 version a b c d e f g h Richard van der Laan William N Eschmeyer amp Ronald Fricke 2014 Family group names of Recent fishes Zootaxa 3882 2 001 230 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 3882 1 1 PMID 25543675 Retrieved 9 September 2021 a b c Eschmeyer William N Fricke Ron amp van der Laan Richard eds Genera in the family Bovichtidae Catalog of Fishes California Academy of Sciences Retrieved 9 September 2021 Eschmeyer William N Fricke Ron amp van der Laan Richard eds Genera in the family Pseudaphritidae Catalog of Fishes California Academy of Sciences Retrieved 9 September 2021 Eschmeyer William N Fricke Ron amp van der Laan Richard eds Genera in the family Eleginopsidae Catalog of Fishes California Academy of Sciences Retrieved 9 September 2021 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Eschmeyer William N Fricke Ron amp van der Laan Richard eds Genera in the family Notothenidae Catalog of Fishes California Academy of Sciences Retrieved 9 September 2021 Eschmeyer William N Fricke Ron amp van der Laan Richard eds Genera in the family Harpagiferidae Catalog of Fishes California Academy of Sciences Retrieved 9 September 2021 a b c d Eschmeyer William N Fricke Ron amp van der Laan Richard eds Genera in the family Artedidraconidae Catalog of Fishes California Academy of Sciences Retrieved 9 September 2021 a b c d e f g h i j k Eschmeyer William N Fricke Ron amp van der Laan Richard eds Genera in the family Bathydraconidae Catalog of Fishes California Academy of Sciences Retrieved 9 September 2021 a b c d e f g h i j k Eschmeyer William N Fricke Ron amp van der Laan Richard eds Genera in the family Channichthyidae Catalog of Fishes California Academy of Sciences Retrieved 9 September 2021 Further reading editMacdonald J A 2004 Notothenioidei Southern Cod Icefishes In M Hutchins R W Garrison V Geist P V Loiselle N Schlager M C McDade W E Duellman Eds Grzimek s Animal Life Encyclopedia 2nd ed Vol 5 pp 321 329 Detroit Gale Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Notothenioidei amp oldid 1220960500, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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