The Northern pikeminnow, Columbia River dace or formerly Squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) is a large member of the minnow family, Leuciscidae.[2] This predatory freshwater fish is native to northwestern North America, ranging from the Nass River basin to the Columbia River basin.[2] A good deal of concern has been expressed regarding the impact northern pikeminnow populations may have on salmon in Columbia and Snake river impoundments.[3]
Northern pikeminnows can live at least 11 years, reaching up to 35 in (89 cm) in total length and 15 lb (6.8 kg) in weight.[2] Female northern pikeminnow reach sexual maturity at about six years, males in three to five. A mature female can lay 30,000 eggs annually. Pikeminnow are adept predators, and in the Columbia and Snake Rivers, salmonsmolts comprise a large part of their diets. Their populations have flourished with the development of the Columbia River hydropower system.[6] The reservoirs have provided excellent habitat for pikeminnow and given them an advantage over depressed salmon and steelhead populations. Data has been collected to suggest they can eat up to 650,000 salmon fry annually. [7]
The northern pikeminnow has been shown to consume terrestrial insects, benthic invertebrates, other fish, aquatic insects, and plant matter.[8]
Relationship with people
Northern pikeminnow caught as part of the Bonneville Power Administration's Sport Reward Program.
While historically northern pikeminnow have not been of interest commercially nor to sport anglers, Washington and Oregon state fisheries agencies and the Bonneville Power Administration have placed a bounty[9] on them to reduce predation on scarce salmon stocks. A commercial fishery has developed based on that bounty. The current International Game Fish Association all tackle world record for northern pikeminnow is 7 lb 14 oz (3.6 kg) from the Snake River near Almota, Washington.[10]
References
^NatureServe (2013). "Ptychocheilus oregonensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T202359A18233204. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T202359A18233204.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
^ abcFroese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Ptychocheilus oregonensis" in FishBase. May 2019 version.
^. Indian Country Today (Lakota Times). September 14, 1998. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012.
^Craig, John. "Squawfish Squawk Reels In Conundrum Insulting Fish Name Not Easy To Replace". spokesman.com. The Spokesman-Review. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
^Mesa, M. 1994. Effects of multiple acute stressors on the predator avoidance ability and physiology of juvenile chinook salmon. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 123:786–793.
^Petersen, J. 1994. Importance of spatial pattern in estimating predation on juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 123:924–930.
^Haggerty, M. 2009. Lake Ozette Sockeye Limiting Factors Analysis. p 2-33.
^"Pikeminnow, Northern". igfa.org. International Game Fish Association. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
January 08, 2023
northern, pikeminnow, columbia, river, dace, formerly, squawfish, ptychocheilus, oregonensis, large, member, minnow, family, leuciscidae, this, predatory, freshwater, fish, native, northwestern, north, america, ranging, from, nass, river, basin, columbia, rive. The Northern pikeminnow Columbia River dace or formerly Squawfish Ptychocheilus oregonensis is a large member of the minnow family Leuciscidae 2 This predatory freshwater fish is native to northwestern North America ranging from the Nass River basin to the Columbia River basin 2 A good deal of concern has been expressed regarding the impact northern pikeminnow populations may have on salmon in Columbia and Snake river impoundments 3 Northern pikeminnowConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ActinopterygiiOrder CypriniformesFamily CyprinidaeGenus PtychocheilusSpecies P oregonensisBinomial namePtychocheilus oregonensisJ Richardson 1836 Contents 1 Naming 2 Behavior and habitat 3 Relationship with people 4 ReferencesNaming EditUntil 1999 when the American Fisheries Society officially changed the common name to pikeminnow the four species of this genus Ptychocheilus were known as squawfish 4 5 Behavior and habitat EditNorthern pikeminnows can live at least 11 years reaching up to 35 in 89 cm in total length and 15 lb 6 8 kg in weight 2 Female northern pikeminnow reach sexual maturity at about six years males in three to five A mature female can lay 30 000 eggs annually Pikeminnow are adept predators and in the Columbia and Snake Rivers salmon smolts comprise a large part of their diets Their populations have flourished with the development of the Columbia River hydropower system 6 The reservoirs have provided excellent habitat for pikeminnow and given them an advantage over depressed salmon and steelhead populations Data has been collected to suggest they can eat up to 650 000 salmon fry annually 7 The northern pikeminnow has been shown to consume terrestrial insects benthic invertebrates other fish aquatic insects and plant matter 8 Relationship with people Edit Northern pikeminnow caught as part of the Bonneville Power Administration s Sport Reward Program While historically northern pikeminnow have not been of interest commercially nor to sport anglers Washington and Oregon state fisheries agencies and the Bonneville Power Administration have placed a bounty 9 on them to reduce predation on scarce salmon stocks A commercial fishery has developed based on that bounty The current International Game Fish Association all tackle world record for northern pikeminnow is 7 lb 14 oz 3 6 kg from the Snake River near Almota Washington 10 References Edit NatureServe 2013 Ptychocheilus oregonensis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013 e T202359A18233204 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2013 1 RLTS T202359A18233204 en Retrieved 20 November 2021 a b c Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2019 Ptychocheilus oregonensis in FishBase May 2019 version Blecha Peter 2018 Pikeminnow reward program remains strong The Columbian https www columbian com news 2018 jul 25 pikeminnow reward program remains strong Accessed 8 21 18 Former squawfish hooks new name Indian Country Today Lakota Times September 14 1998 Archived from the original on November 2 2012 Craig John Squawfish Squawk Reels In Conundrum Insulting Fish Name Not Easy To Replace spokesman com The Spokesman Review Retrieved 13 April 2019 Mesa M 1994 Effects of multiple acute stressors on the predator avoidance ability and physiology of juvenile chinook salmon Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 123 786 793 Petersen J 1994 Importance of spatial pattern in estimating predation on juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 123 924 930 Haggerty M 2009 Lake Ozette Sockeye Limiting Factors Analysis p 2 33 Pikeminnow Bounty Program Pikeminnow Northern igfa org International Game Fish Association Retrieved 9 April 2019 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Northern pikeminnow amp oldid 1125320116, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
