The territory of the second formation (e.g. where Russians settled after the 16th century) consist of most of the land to the North and North-East of Central Russia, that is Karelia, Murmansk, Vyatka, Perm, Komi, Udmurtia, and as well as Siberia and Far East.
Lack of vowel reduction:[1] unstressed /ɔ/ does not merge with /a/ (okanye).[2] Unstressed /ɔ/, /a/ and /ɛ/ after soft consonants also do not typically merge.[3]
In the eastern part of the group the change of every Proto-Slavic *e to /ɔ/ before hard (unpalatalized) consonants occurs (in Standard Russian only in stressed syllables). Proto-Slavic *ě also changes to /ɔ/ in these positions but only in stressed syllables.[3]
Also in the eastern part of the dialect group there is /o̝~u̯ɔ/ in certain positions instead of Standard Russian /ɔ/.[2][3]
Tsokanye: the merger of Standard Russian /t͡ɕ/ and /t͡s/ into one consonant whether /t͡s/, /t͡sʲ/ or /t͡ɕ/ (like in Pskov and RyazanSouthern Russian dialects).[3]
In the Vologda region, final hard /ɫ/ is replaced by a semivowel /w~u̯/.
In some dialects traces of unreduced Proto-Slavic *tl, dl, which normally reduced to /ɫ/ in all of East Slavic: Жерегло/ʐɛrɛˈɡɫɔ/ "the sound between Lake Pskov and Lake Chud" (instead of expected жерело/ʐɛrɛˈɫɔ/), перецок/pʲɛrʲɛˈt͡sɔk/ from earlier перецокл/pʲɛrʲɛˈt͡sɔkɫ/ "reread (past tense)" (instead of standard перечёл/pʲɛrʲɛˈt͡ɕɔɫ/). In these examples the groups *tl, dldissimilated to /kɫ/, /ɡɫ/ instead of reducing to /ɫ/. Some (Shakhmatov, Durnovo) see this as an indication of possible West Slavicadmixture in those areas, while others (Trubetzkoy, Lehr-Spławiński[4]) treat it as an archaism from Proto-Slavic times.[5]
Morphology
A suffixed definite article -to, -ta, -te similarly existing in Bulgarian and Macedonian.[2]
3rd person verbal ending with non-palatalized -t as in Standard Russian.[3]
Vocabulary
Northern dialects are characterized by a number of words like, изба ('log hut'), квашня, озимь ('winter crop'), лаять ('to bark'), ухват, орать ('to plough'), жито ('rye'), беседки ('gathering'), шибко ('very much'), баской ('beautiful') and others. They also have about 200 words of Uralic origin.
Crosswhite, Katherine Margaret (2000), (PDF), University of Rochester Working Papers in the Language Sciences, 1 (1): 107–172, archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-06
Kuraszkiewicz, Władysław (1963). Zarys dialektologii wschodniosłowiańskiej z wyborem tekstów gwarowych (in Polish). Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Michael Daniel, Nina Dobrushina, Ruprecht von Waldenfels. The language of the Ustja river basin. A corpus of North Russian dialectal speech. 2013–2018. Bern, Moscow.
northern, russian, dialects, northern, russian, dialects, make, main, groups, russian, dialects, russian, dialects, primary, formation, northern, russian, dark, green, contents, territory, list, dialects, phonology, morphology, vocabulary, notes, references, e. The northern Russian dialects make up one of the main groups of the Russian dialects Map of the Russian dialects of the primary formation Northern Russian is dark green Contents 1 Territory 2 List of sub dialects 3 Phonology 4 Morphology 5 Vocabulary 6 Notes 7 References 8 External links 9 See alsoTerritory EditThe territory of the primary formation e g that consist of Old Russia of the 16th century before Eastern conquests by Ivan IV is fully or partially modern regions oblasts Vologda Kostroma Yaroslavl Novgorod Leningrad Nizhny Novgorod Arkhangelsk The territory of the second formation e g where Russians settled after the 16th century consist of most of the land to the North and North East of Central Russia that is Karelia Murmansk Vyatka Perm Komi Udmurtia and as well as Siberia and Far East List of sub dialects EditPomor dialects Olonets group Novgorod group Vologda Kirov group Vladimir Volga groupPhonology EditLack of vowel reduction 1 unstressed ɔ does not merge with a okanye 2 Unstressed ɔ a and ɛ after soft consonants also do not typically merge 3 Some dialects have high or diphthongal e i ɛ in the Novgorod subgroup even i as a reflex of Proto Slavic e 2 3 In the eastern part of the group the change of every Proto Slavic e to ɔ before hard unpalatalized consonants occurs in Standard Russian only in stressed syllables Proto Slavic e also changes to ɔ in these positions but only in stressed syllables 3 Also in the eastern part of the dialect group there is o u ɔ in certain positions instead of Standard Russian ɔ 2 3 Tsokanye the merger of Standard Russian t ɕ and t s into one consonant whether t s t sʲ or t ɕ like in Pskov and Ryazan Southern Russian dialects 3 In the Vologda region final hard ɫ is replaced by a semivowel w u ɡ v f are like in Standard Russian differs from Southern Russian 3 Nevertheless in some sub dialects v f can also be replaced with semivowel w u like in Southern Russian In some dialects traces of unreduced Proto Slavic tl dl which normally reduced to ɫ in all of East Slavic Zhereglo ʐɛrɛˈɡɫɔ the sound between Lake Pskov and Lake Chud instead of expected zherelo ʐɛrɛˈɫɔ perecok pʲɛrʲɛˈt sɔk from earlier perecokl pʲɛrʲɛˈt sɔkɫ reread past tense instead of standard perechyol pʲɛrʲɛˈt ɕɔɫ In these examples the groups tl dl dissimilated to kɫ ɡɫ instead of reducing to ɫ Some Shakhmatov Durnovo see this as an indication of possible West Slavic admixture in those areas while others Trubetzkoy Lehr Splawinski 4 treat it as an archaism from Proto Slavic times 5 Morphology EditA suffixed definite article to ta te similarly existing in Bulgarian and Macedonian 2 3rd person verbal ending with non palatalized t as in Standard Russian 3 Vocabulary EditNorthern dialects are characterized by a number of words like izba log hut kvashnya ozim winter crop layat to bark uhvat orat to plough zhito rye besedki gathering shibko very much baskoj beautiful and others They also have about 200 words of Uralic origin Notes Edit Crosswhite 2000 p 109 a b c d Sussex amp Cubberley 2006 pp 521 526 a b c d e f g Kuraszkiewicz 1963 pp 46 55 Lehr Splawinski Tadeusz 1932 O dialektach praslowianskich Sbornik praci Sjezdu slovanskych filologu v Praze 1929 Praha 577 585 Kuraszkiewicz 1963 p 50 References EditCrosswhite Katherine Margaret 2000 Vowel Reduction in Russian A Unified Account of Standard Dialectal and Dissimilative Patterns PDF University of Rochester Working Papers in the Language Sciences 1 1 107 172 archived from the original PDF on 2012 02 06 Kuraszkiewicz Wladyslaw 1963 Zarys dialektologii wschodnioslowianskiej z wyborem tekstow gwarowych in Polish Warszawa Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe Sussex Roland Cubberley Paul 2006 Dialects of Russian The Slavic languages Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 521 526 ISBN 978 0 521 22315 7 External links EditMichael Daniel Nina Dobrushina Ruprecht von Waldenfels The language of the Ustja river basin A corpus of North Russian dialectal speech 2013 2018 Bern Moscow See also EditCentral Russian dialects Southern Russian dialects Old Novgorod dialect Boris Shergin a writer of the Pomor dialect Vowel reduction in Russian This Russia related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Northern Russian dialects amp oldid 1095130478, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
