The Nootka lupine is common on the west coast of North America, and is one of the species from which the garden hybrids are derived, being valued in Britain and other North-European countries for its tolerance of cool, wet summers. In North America, it grows along roadsides, gravel bars, and forest clearings from the Aleutian Islands and Southcentral Alaska, and along the Alaskan panhandle to British Columbia. Rigorous self-seeders as they are, lupine can often be seen along roadsides and in open meadows, their bright blueish purple flowers catching ones eye from quite a distance. Their long tap roots make transplanting difficult, so sowing seed is preferable.
Lupinus nootkatensis var. nootkatensis is the subspecies.
Toxicityedit
A member of the pea family (Fabaceae), lupines form seeds in fuzzy pods that may be attractive to children. The seeds of the lupine can be toxic, though toxins flush through the system quickly and are not cumulative. However, internal use is not advised.[5]
Nootka lupine in Icelandedit
In Iceland, the Nootka lupine has been designated an invasive species.[6] The plant was introduced in the first half of the 20th century to combat erosion, speed up land reclamation and help with reforestation. Dense lupine cover and soil fertility can be gained within a relatively short time span, where the growth of the lupine is not limited by droughts.[7] The plant has spread from the loose, eroded soil in which it was originally planted and is now found throughout the lowlands of Iceland.[8]
The lupine is well suited for reclamation of large, barren areas because of its nitrogen fixation and rapid growth. Furthermore, it has an ability to extract phosphorus from compounds in poor soils.[9] In spite of these good qualities, it has a tendency to become dominant and to colonize already vegetated areas such as dwarf shrub-highlands, where it overtakes the natural flora and threatens biodiversity.[8] The growth of the Nootka lupine has led to public debate about its presence in Iceland, with some praising its improvement of soil through nitrogen fixation and the vibrant colour it brings to Iceland's landscape, and others concerned that it will eradicate native flora, particularly the favoured native crowberry and blueberry patches.[10]
The initial expectation was for the Nootka lupine to retreat gradually along with increased fertility of the soil and give way for other species. This is evident on sites in Iceland where the lupine was introduced early, such as in Heiðmörk near Reykjavík.[11] However, plant succession is towards a forb-rich grassland, often dominated by the invasive species Anthriscus sylvestris, meaning that careful management of lupine is necessary to prevent it from colonizing areas where its presence is not desirable.[12]
Referencesedit
^USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Lupinus nootkatensis". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
^Magnusson, B. (2006): NOBANIS – Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet – Lupinus nootkatensis. – From: Online Database of the North European and Baltic Network on Invasive Alien Species – NOBANIS www.nobanis.org, Date of access 31 October 2008.[1]
^Sims, John. "Curtis's botanical magazine, or, Flower-garden displayed: In which the most ornamental foreign plants, cultivated in the open ground, the green-house, and the stove, are accurately represented in their natural colours". Flower-Garden Displayed: 56 v.
^Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Invasive Plants in Iceland, accessed 7 May 2019 [2]
^Biological Diversity in Iceland (2001). National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Ministry for the Environment and the Icelandic Institute of Natural History [3]
^ abBorgthor Magnusson, "NOBANIS – Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet: Lupinus nootkatensis," pp. 4-5 [4]
^Sigurður Arnarson (2014). Belgjurtabókin. Sumarhúsið og garðurinn.
^Bjarnason, Egill (16 January 2018). "Why Iceland Is Turning Purple". Hakai Magazine. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
^Daði Björnsson (2011). Hörfar lúpínan? Dæmi úr Heiðmörk. (Does lupine retreat? The case of Heiðmörk) Skógræktarritið, The Journal of the Icelandic Forestry Association, the second issue of 2011. Skógræktarfélag Íslands.
^Borgthor Magnusson, "NOBANIS – Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet: Lupinus nootkatensis," pp. 7-9 [5]
Sourcesedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lupinus nootkatensis.
[7] Biological Diversity in Iceland. National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Ministry for the Environment and the Icelandic Institute of Natural History. 2001.
A meadow of Nootka lupine growing in Iceland.
April 12, 2024
lupinus, nootkatensis, nootka, lupine, perennial, plant, genus, lupinus, legume, family, fabaceae, native, north, america, nootka, lupine, grows, tall, late, 18th, century, first, introduced, europe, nootka, lupine, growing, iceland, scientific, classification. Lupinus nootkatensis the Nootka lupine 1 is a perennial plant of the genus Lupinus in the legume family Fabaceae It is native to North America The Nootka lupine grows up to 60 cm tall Late in the 18th century it was first introduced to Europe 2 Lupinus nootkatensisNootka lupine growing in Iceland Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade RosidsOrder FabalesFamily FabaceaeSubfamily FaboideaeGenus LupinusSpecies L nootkatensisBinomial nameLupinus nootkatensisDonn ex Sims Iceland Nootka Lupin FlowerIceland Nootka Lupin Flower FieldsThe Nootka lupine is common on the west coast of North America and is one of the species from which the garden hybrids are derived being valued in Britain and other North European countries for its tolerance of cool wet summers In North America it grows along roadsides gravel bars and forest clearings from the Aleutian Islands and Southcentral Alaska and along the Alaskan panhandle to British Columbia Rigorous self seeders as they are lupine can often be seen along roadsides and in open meadows their bright blueish purple flowers catching ones eye from quite a distance Their long tap roots make transplanting difficult so sowing seed is preferable Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Toxicity 3 Nootka lupine in Iceland 4 References 5 SourcesTaxonomy editThe species was first described as Lupinus nootkatensis in 1810 by James Donn in Botanical Magazine Vol 32 Page 1311 3 On the Plant List the species is divided in two varieties 4 Lupinus nootkatensis var fruticosus Sims Lupinus nootkatensis var nootkatensis is the subspecies Toxicity editA member of the pea family Fabaceae lupines form seeds in fuzzy pods that may be attractive to children The seeds of the lupine can be toxic though toxins flush through the system quickly and are not cumulative However internal use is not advised 5 Nootka lupine in Iceland editIn Iceland the Nootka lupine has been designated an invasive species 6 The plant was introduced in the first half of the 20th century to combat erosion speed up land reclamation and help with reforestation Dense lupine cover and soil fertility can be gained within a relatively short time span where the growth of the lupine is not limited by droughts 7 The plant has spread from the loose eroded soil in which it was originally planted and is now found throughout the lowlands of Iceland 8 The lupine is well suited for reclamation of large barren areas because of its nitrogen fixation and rapid growth Furthermore it has an ability to extract phosphorus from compounds in poor soils 9 In spite of these good qualities it has a tendency to become dominant and to colonize already vegetated areas such as dwarf shrub highlands where it overtakes the natural flora and threatens biodiversity 8 The growth of the Nootka lupine has led to public debate about its presence in Iceland with some praising its improvement of soil through nitrogen fixation and the vibrant colour it brings to Iceland s landscape and others concerned that it will eradicate native flora particularly the favoured native crowberry and blueberry patches 10 The initial expectation was for the Nootka lupine to retreat gradually along with increased fertility of the soil and give way for other species This is evident on sites in Iceland where the lupine was introduced early such as in Heidmork near Reykjavik 11 However plant succession is towards a forb rich grassland often dominated by the invasive species Anthriscus sylvestris meaning that careful management of lupine is necessary to prevent it from colonizing areas where its presence is not desirable 12 References edit USDA NRCS n d Lupinus nootkatensis The PLANTS Database plants usda gov Greensboro North Carolina National Plant Data Team Retrieved 1 March 2016 Magnusson B 2006 NOBANIS Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet Lupinus nootkatensis From Online Database of the North European and Baltic Network on Invasive Alien Species NOBANIS www nobanis org Date of access 31 October 2008 1 Sims John Curtis s botanical magazine or Flower garden displayed In which the most ornamental foreign plants cultivated in the open ground the green house and the stove are accurately represented in their natural colours Flower Garden Displayed 56 v Search results the Plant List PlantFiles Lupinus Species Nootka Lupine Icelandic Institute of Natural History Invasive Plants in Iceland accessed 7 May 2019 2 Biological Diversity in Iceland 2001 National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity Ministry for the Environment and the Icelandic Institute of Natural History 3 a b Borgthor Magnusson NOBANIS Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet Lupinus nootkatensis pp 4 5 4 Sigurdur Arnarson 2014 Belgjurtabokin Sumarhusid og gardurinn Bjarnason Egill 16 January 2018 Why Iceland Is Turning Purple Hakai Magazine Retrieved 26 August 2022 Dadi Bjornsson 2011 Horfar lupinan Daemi ur Heidmork Does lupine retreat The case of Heidmork Skograektarritid The Journal of the Icelandic Forestry Association the second issue of 2011 Skograektarfelag Islands Borgthor Magnusson NOBANIS Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet Lupinus nootkatensis pp 7 9 5 Sources edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lupinus nootkatensis 6 Accessed 31 October 2008 7 Biological Diversity in Iceland National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity Ministry for the Environment and the Icelandic Institute of Natural History 2001 nbsp A meadow of Nootka lupine growing in Iceland Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lupinus nootkatensis amp oldid 1179493843, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
