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Nonet (music)

January 01, 1970

For other uses, see Nonet.

In music, a nonet is a chamber music composition which requires nine musicians for a performance. The standard nonet scoring is for wind quintet, violin, viola, cello, and double bass, though other combinations are also found. Additionally, the term may apply to a group of nine musicians regardless of whether they are playing chamber music.

Gounod's Petite Symphonie pour neuf instruments à vent (Little Symphony for Nine Wind Instruments)
1. Adagio, allegro
2. Andante cantabile
3. Scherzo (Allegro moderato)
4. Finale (Allegretto)
Performed by the Soni Ventorum Wind Quintet
Problems playing these files? See media help.

Classical nonets edit

The first work to actually bear the title of nonet was Louis Spohr's Grand Nonetto in F major, Op. 31 (1813), for flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, French horn, violin, viola, cello, and double bass. Earlier compositions, however, had been composed for nine instruments (Joseph Haydn's four Divertimenti (or Cassations), for 2 oboes, 2 horns, 2 violins, 2 violas, and double bass, Hob. II:9, 17 [2 clarinets instead of oboes], 20, and G1, Ignaz Pleyel's Nocturne of 1785, for 2 clarinets, 2 horns, 2 violas, double bass, and 2 hurdy-gurdies, and Franz Schubert's Eine kleine Trauermusik of 1813 (D 79), for two clarinets, two bassoons, contrabassoon, two horns, and two trombones).

The Spohr ensemble as standard edit

Louis Spohr's nonet was so successful that its instrumentation became the standard for subsequent emulation down to the present time. The many composers who wrote for this combination include Louise Farrenc (Op. 38, 1849), Georges Onslow (Op. 77, 1851), Franz Lachner (Nonet in F major 1875), Josef Rheinberger (Op. 139, 1884), and Tilo Medek (Nonet in Nine Movements, 1974). Other works, though not actually titled "nonet", followed the same pattern, such as René Leibowitz's Chamber Concerto (Op. 10, 1944). In the 20th century this standard instrumentation was embodied especially by the Czech Nonet [de; fr; ru], for whom works were composed by Josef Bohuslav Foerster (Op. 147, 1931) and Alois Hába, whose first two nonets are titled Fantazie, opp. 40 and 41 (1931 and 1932), followed by Nonet No. 3, Op. 82, and Nonet No. 4, Op. 97. Bohuslav Martinů dedicated his 1959 Nonet to the Czech Nonet on the occasion of its 35th anniversary.[1]

Subsequent non-standard ensembles edit

One late-19th-century, slightly non-standard example is Samuel Coleridge-Taylor's 1894 Nonet in F minor, for an ensemble in which a piano replaced the flute.

The non-standard instrumentations used by Hanns Eisler were different in each of his two nonets: his 1939 Nonet No. 1 is composed for flute, clarinet, bassoon, horn, two violins, viola, violoncello, and double bass, while his 1941 Nonet No. 2 is for flute, clarinet, bassoon, trumpet, percussion, three violins, and double bass.[2][3][4]

Many nine-instrument works for other combinations than the standard Spohr ensemble have been composed since 1900, but often depart from chamber-music textures and mostly are given titles suggesting small orchestral forces. Examples include Darius Milhaud's chamber symphony Le printemps, Op. 43 (1917), Egon Kornauth's Kammermusik, Op. 31 (1924), Ernst Krenek's Sinfonische Musik for nine solo instruments, Op. 11 (1922), Bruno Stürmer's Suite, Op. 9 (1923), and Anton Webern's Symphony, Op. 21 (1928) and Concerto, Op. 24 (1931–34). On the other hand, Heitor Villa-Lobos's Nonet, subtitled "Impressão rápida de todo o Brasil" (1923) exceeds the ensemble's nominal size by adding a mixed choir to the basic instrumentation of flute/piccolo, oboe, clarinet, alto or baritone saxophone, bassoon, celesta, harp, piano, and percussion—the latter requiring more than one player.[1] Planos is a 1934 composition by Silvestre Revueltas for clarinet, bass clarinet, bassoon, trumpet, piano, 2 violins, cello, and double bass. The third of British composer Peter Seabourne's chamber concertos, Storyteller, is a miniature double bass concerto accompanied by an octet of wind quintet and piano trio.

Iannis Xenakis composed many chamber-music works for comparatively large numbers of instruments. Among them are the nonets Akanthos, for soprano, flute, clarinet, piano, 2 violins, viola, cello and double bass (1977), Kaï, for flute, clarinet, bassoon, trumpet, trombone, violin, viola, cello, and double bass (1995), and Kuïlenn, for the classical 18th-century serenade scoring favoured by the Netherlands Wind Ensemble, for whom it was written: flute, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, and 2 horns (1995).[5]

Brian Ferneyhough's Terrain (1992), is scored for nine instruments, but is for solo violin accompanied by an octet consisting of flute (+ piccolo), oboe (+ cor anglais), clarinet (+ bass clarinet), bassoon, horn, trumpet, trombone, and double bass.

String nonets edit

String-only nonets have also been composed, notably by Nicolai von Wilm [de] (Nonet Op. 150, 1911, 4 violins, 2 violas, 2 cellos, and double bass) and Aaron Copland (1960, 3 violins, 3 violas, 3 cellos).[1]

Iannis Xenakis's Analogique A (1958) is also a string nonet, but must be performed with a companion tape work, Analogique B.[5]

Wind nonets edit

Nonets for ensembles constituted exclusively of wind instruments have also been composed, for example:

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Kube 2001.
  2. ^ Wißmann 2012, 278.
  3. ^ Schebera 1998, 178, 306.
  4. ^ Schweinhardt and Gall 2014, 176–77.
  5. ^ a b Hoffmann 2001.
  6. ^ IMSLP1.
  7. ^ IMSLP2.
  8. ^ IMSLP3.

Sources

  • Hoffmann, Peter. 2001. "Xenakis, Iannis". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
  • Kube, Michael. 2001. "Nonet". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
  • Schebera, Jürgen [de]. 1998. Hanns Eisler. Mainz: Schott.
  • Schweinhardt, Peter, and Johannes C. Gall. 2014. "Composing for Film: Hanns Eisler's Lifelong Film Music Project", translated by Oliver Dahin. In The Oxford Handbook of Film Music Studies, edited by David Neumeyer, 131–187. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195328493.
  • Wißmann, Friederike. 2012. Hanns Eisler—Komponist, Weltbürger, Revolutionär. Munich: Edition Elke Heidenreich bei C. Bertelsmann Verlag. ISBN 9783570580295.
  • For flute, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 horns: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
  • For 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, trumpet: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
  • For 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, contrabassoon, 2 horns: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project

January 01, 1970
nonet, music, other, uses, nonet, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, nonet, music, news, newspapers, bo. For other uses see Nonet This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Nonet music news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2016 Learn how and when to remove this template message In music a nonet is a chamber music composition which requires nine musicians for a performance The standard nonet scoring is for wind quintet violin viola cello and double bass though other combinations are also found Additionally the term may apply to a group of nine musicians regardless of whether they are playing chamber music Gounod s Petite Symphonie pour neuf instruments a vent Little Symphony for Nine Wind Instruments 1 Adagio allegro source source 2 Andante cantabile source source 3 Scherzo Allegro moderato source source 4 Finale Allegretto source source Performed by the Soni Ventorum Wind Quintet Problems playing these files See media help Contents 1 Classical nonets 1 1 The Spohr ensemble as standard 1 2 Subsequent non standard ensembles 1 3 String nonets 1 4 Wind nonets 2 ReferencesClassical nonets editThe first work to actually bear the title of nonet was Louis Spohr s Grand Nonetto in F major Op 31 1813 for flute oboe clarinet bassoon French horn violin viola cello and double bass Earlier compositions however had been composed for nine instruments Joseph Haydn s four Divertimenti or Cassations for 2 oboes 2 horns 2 violins 2 violas and double bass Hob II 9 17 2 clarinets instead of oboes 20 and G1 Ignaz Pleyel s Nocturne of 1785 for 2 clarinets 2 horns 2 violas double bass and 2 hurdy gurdies and Franz Schubert s Eine kleine Trauermusik of 1813 D 79 for two clarinets two bassoons contrabassoon two horns and two trombones The Spohr ensemble as standard edit Louis Spohr s nonet was so successful that its instrumentation became the standard for subsequent emulation down to the present time The many composers who wrote for this combination include Louise Farrenc Op 38 1849 Georges Onslow Op 77 1851 Franz Lachner Nonet in F major 1875 Josef Rheinberger Op 139 1884 and Tilo Medek Nonet in Nine Movements 1974 Other works though not actually titled nonet followed the same pattern such as Rene Leibowitz s Chamber Concerto Op 10 1944 In the 20th century this standard instrumentation was embodied especially by the Czech Nonet de fr ru for whom works were composed by Josef Bohuslav Foerster Op 147 1931 and Alois Haba whose first two nonets are titled Fantazie opp 40 and 41 1931 and 1932 followed by Nonet No 3 Op 82 and Nonet No 4 Op 97 Bohuslav Martinu dedicated his 1959 Nonet to the Czech Nonet on the occasion of its 35th anniversary 1 Subsequent non standard ensembles edit One late 19th century slightly non standard example is Samuel Coleridge Taylor s 1894 Nonet in F minor for an ensemble in which a piano replaced the flute The non standard instrumentations used by Hanns Eisler were different in each of his two nonets his 1939 Nonet No 1 is composed for flute clarinet bassoon horn two violins viola violoncello and double bass while his 1941 Nonet No 2 is for flute clarinet bassoon trumpet percussion three violins and double bass 2 3 4 Many nine instrument works for other combinations than the standard Spohr ensemble have been composed since 1900 but often depart from chamber music textures and mostly are given titles suggesting small orchestral forces Examples include Darius Milhaud s chamber symphony Le printemps Op 43 1917 Egon Kornauth s Kammermusik Op 31 1924 Ernst Krenek s Sinfonische Musik for nine solo instruments Op 11 1922 Bruno Sturmer s Suite Op 9 1923 and Anton Webern s Symphony Op 21 1928 and Concerto Op 24 1931 34 On the other hand Heitor Villa Lobos s Nonet subtitled Impressao rapida de todo o Brasil 1923 exceeds the ensemble s nominal size by adding a mixed choir to the basic instrumentation of flute piccolo oboe clarinet alto or baritone saxophone bassoon celesta harp piano and percussion the latter requiring more than one player 1 Planos is a 1934 composition by Silvestre Revueltas for clarinet bass clarinet bassoon trumpet piano 2 violins cello and double bass The third of British composer Peter Seabourne s chamber concertos Storyteller is a miniature double bass concerto accompanied by an octet of wind quintet and piano trio Iannis Xenakis composed many chamber music works for comparatively large numbers of instruments Among them are the nonets Akanthos for soprano flute clarinet piano 2 violins viola cello and double bass 1977 Kai for flute clarinet bassoon trumpet trombone violin viola cello and double bass 1995 and Kuilenn for the classical 18th century serenade scoring favoured by the Netherlands Wind Ensemble for whom it was written flute 2 oboes 2 clarinets 2 bassoons and 2 horns 1995 5 Brian Ferneyhough s Terrain 1992 is scored for nine instruments but is for solo violin accompanied by an octet consisting of flute piccolo oboe cor anglais clarinet bass clarinet bassoon horn trumpet trombone and double bass String nonets edit String only nonets have also been composed notably by Nicolai von Wilm de Nonet Op 150 1911 4 violins 2 violas 2 cellos and double bass and Aaron Copland 1960 3 violins 3 violas 3 cellos 1 Iannis Xenakis s Analogique A 1958 is also a string nonet but must be performed with a companion tape work Analogique B 5 Wind nonets edit Nonets for ensembles constituted exclusively of wind instruments have also been composed for example For flute 2 oboes 2 clarinets 2 bassoons 2 horns 6 by Werner J E De Bleser Mouvements pour Orchestre a Vent Theodore Gouvy Petite Suite Gauloise Op 90 Charles Gounod Petite symphonie Gaetano Donizetti Sinfonia for Winds in G minor A 509 For flute oboe cor anglais 2 clarinets 2 horns and 2 bassoons Hubert Parry Wind Nonet For 2 oboes 2 clarinets 2 bassoons 2 horns trumpet 7 Franz Schubert 6 Minuets for Winds D 2d and Trio of a Minuet D 2f Josef Triebensee Miscellanees de Musique volume 3 Opp 4 6 For 2 oboes 2 clarinets 2 bassoons contrabassoon 2 horns 8 Franz Krommer Five pieces titled Harmonie and a Partita References edit a b c Kube 2001 Wissmann 2012 278 Schebera 1998 178 306 Schweinhardt and Gall 2014 176 77 a b Hoffmann 2001 IMSLP1 IMSLP2 IMSLP3 Sources Hoffmann Peter 2001 Xenakis Iannis The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians second edition edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell London Macmillan Publishers Kube Michael 2001 Nonet The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians second edition edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell London Macmillan Publishers Schebera Jurgen de 1998 Hanns Eisler Mainz Schott Schweinhardt Peter and Johannes C Gall 2014 Composing for Film Hanns Eisler s Lifelong Film Music Project translated by Oliver Dahin In The Oxford Handbook of Film Music Studies edited by David Neumeyer 131 187 Oxford and New York Oxford University Press ISBN 9780195328493 Wissmann Friederike 2012 Hanns Eisler Komponist Weltburger Revolutionar Munich Edition Elke Heidenreich bei C Bertelsmann Verlag ISBN 9783570580295 For flute 2 oboes 2 clarinets 2 bassoons 2 horns Scores at the International Music Score Library Project For 2 oboes 2 clarinets 2 bassoons 2 horns trumpet Scores at the International Music Score Library Project For 2 oboes 2 clarinets 2 bassoons contrabassoon 2 horns Scores at the International Music Score Library Project Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nonet music amp oldid 1188265190, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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