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Noarootsi Parish

January 01, 1970

Noarootsi Parish (Estonian: Noarootsi vald, Swedish: Nuckö kommun) was a rural municipality in Lääne County, western Estonia[1] between 1991 and 2017. It covered an area of 296 km2 (114 sq mi) and had a population of 910.

Noarootsi Parish
Noarootsi vald (in Estonian)
Nuckö kommun (in Swedish)
Former municipality of Estonia
Allika lake
Flag
Coat of arms
Noarootsi Parish within Lääne County.
Country Estonia
County Lääne County
Administrative centrePürksi
Government
 • MayorÜlo Kalm
Area
 • Total296 km2 (114 sq mi)
Population
 (2005)
 • Total910
 • Density3.1/km2 (8.0/sq mi)
Websitewww.noavv.ee

The administrative centre of Noarootsi Parish was Pürksi village (Swedish: Birkas). It is located 10 km north of the capital of Lääne County, Haapsalu.

Villages edit

There were 23 villages in Noarootsi Parish: Aulepa (Dirslätt), Dirhami (Derhamn), Einbi (Enby), Elbiku (Ölbäck), Hara (Harga), Hosby, Höbringi (Höbring), Kudani (Gutanäs), Osmussaare (Odensholm), Paslepa (Pasklep), Pürksi (Birkas), Riguldi (Rickul), Rooslepa (Roslep), Saare (Lyckholm), Spithami (Spithamn), Sutlepa (Sutlep), Suur-Nõmmküla (Klottorp), Tahu (Skåtanäs), Telise (Tällnäs), Tuksi (Bergsby), Vanaküla (Gambyn), Väike-Nõmmküla (Persåker), Österby.

History edit

Noarootsi was historically the only parish on the Estonian mainland where most of the local residents were Estonian Swedes. In 1934, the parish had 4,388 inhabitants, 2,697 (64%) of them Estonian Swedes.

Until the end of the ancient historic period, today's Noarootsi area was practically unpopulated. Noarootsi peninsula was once a group of small islands, which joined the mainland in the middle of the 19th century. The first written proof of the Swedish population stems from the 13th century. There has been speculation, although unfounded, that many of the Swedes came from Finland. For historical reasons, the Swedes had privileges (Svensk Rätt—"Swedish rights"), which consisted mainly of personal freedom and freedom of movement, and lower taxes. The Swedish population was strengthened by influx of Swedes from Uusimaa in Finland, peaking in the beginning of the 16th century.

In the second half of the 16th century, during the Livonian war, the areas of Noarootsi were plundered by Russian army troops, and many sites, such as the church, were devastated. Beginning in the 1580s, Noarootsi was subjected to Swedish rule, which lasted until 1710. The Swedish era caused the cultural life to accelerate. In Noarootsi, the first known folk high school (first mentioned in 1650) was established by local Lutheran pastor Isaacus Mariaestadius Hasselblatt. Noarootsi church added chapels in Sutlepa, Rooslepa and Osmussaar. At the same time, a line of manor houses was built, which initiated limits on the coastal Swedes' rights. Noarootsi's peasants' long fight for their freedom had begun.

During the Great Northern War, Noarootsi was attacked by the plague epidemic during 1710–1711. The number of residents decreased by two-thirds, and many villages died out completely. Estonians from the mainland came to live in the empty villages. It was the start of Noarootsi becoming Estonianized. After the Great Northern War, the conflicts between the lords of the manors and the peasants became more critical. This conflict culminated in the 1770s, with the sending of some of Hara's village residents to the mainland.

In 1816 serfdom was abolished in Estonia. It did not touch the coastal Swedish Estonians, as their condition was ambiguous. They were not slaves and yet they were not entirely free. The folks' communal self-government and permanent compulsory school attendance were established in Noarootsi in 1856.

In the middle of the 19th century, a new intellectual period began. Schools needed Swedish-speaking teachers. For their preparation in the Paslepa manor house, a teachers' training college was established, which was in operation for 14 years. The training college was led by the Swedish missionary Thure Emanuel Thorén. By the 1890s, a network of Swedish schools was formed in Estonia.

 
Pasklep manor in August 1993.

In the beginning of the 20th century, Noarootsi started to be the centre of the Swedes' intellectual activity. The local society's activities were led by Johan Nymann and Hans Pöhl. In 1898 the first choral society was established in Paslepa, and in 1902 the first Swedish lending library was established. In 1903 the first Swedish calendar was distributed. In 1909 the Swedish education association was established in the Vööla manor house. In 1920 Pürksi's folk high school was opened and it was in operation until 1943.

During the Estonian Republic, the relationship between local residents and Swedes and Finns increased remarkably. Riguldi became a very active ship construction centre, the ship Hoppet (Swedish: Hope) is one ship that still exists from this era. At first, potatoes and apples were exported to Sweden and Finland. It seemed that the Swedes were developing their place in Estonian society.

In 1939 the Red Army bases were brought to Estonia. During this time, a great deal of the population was evacuated from Osmussaar island. In the summer of 1940, the Soviet Union established their power and with this a border zone. It became impossible for the residents to go on with their previous occupations and they started to think about emigration to Sweden.

From 1943 to 1944 most of the Swedes left Estonia. In their place came war refugees from northeastern Estonia and Ingria. In 1944 the Soviet Army returned and the border zone was restored. The remaining inhabitants' contacts with their relatives in Sweden were cut off. During the forced emigration and building up of kolkhozes (collective farms), many villages were ruined and the coastal areas became military zones. Only a few villages have retained their original look.

The new age in Noarootsi's history started at the end of the 1980s. The border zone disappeared and the local residents could return to their homes. In 1988 the first folk day celebrations were organized in Noarootsi. In 1989 Swedish instruction was reinstated in Noarootsi. In 1990, Noarootsi Gymnasium, with immersion study in Swedish, was founded in Pürksi. Approximately 900 people lived in Noarootsi Parish in 2005, only 50 of them considered themselves Swedish.

Some Swedes have returned to Noarootsi after the demise of Soviet Union and bought or reclaimed old property, usually land, which they developed. The area is attractive for people looking for a summer house as large areas of Noarootsi have been off limits for civilians during Soviet rule. High property tax in Sweden and low in Estonia is another reason.

Chronology edit

  • 13th century (second half) Noarootsi was founded[citation needed]
  • 1250 Osmussaar was first mentioned in written sources
  • 1294 Swedish people were first mentioned near Haapsalu
  • 1391 Noarootsi was first mentioned in sources as Nuckö
  • 1575 Russian looting raid during the Livonian war
  • 1581 Noarootsi came under the control of Sweden
  • 17th century first manor estates in Noarootsi
  • 1650 School of Noarootsi is first mentioned. A pastor of that time, Isaac Mariestadius Hasselblad, founded Pürksi Public Primary School, where reading and writing were taught in Swedish.
  • 1710 Noarootsi along with rest of Estonia came under the control of Russia
  • 1710-1711 Epidemic plague
  • 1856 Local self-government was established
  • 1873 Missionary Thure Emanuel Thorén arrived
  • 1873-1887 Paslepa Teachers' College, which educated teachers for Swedish schools, in operation in Noarootsi
  • 1902 The first Swedish language book was published in Noarootsi
  • 1903 The first Swedish language calendar was distributed
  • 1909 The Swedish Educational Society was established
  • 1920-1943 Pürksi Folk High School, which became the Pürksi Estonian-Swedes' cultural centre, in operation in Pürksi
  • 1935 Monument to the War of Independence in Hosby was unveiled
  • 1940 Soviet rule established
  • 1941 Deportations
  • 1943-1944 The majority of Noarootsi's inhabitants left for Sweden
  • 1988 First celebrations of the Noarootsi homestead days
  • 1989 Second era of teaching Swedish began
  • 1990 Noarootsi Gymnasium was opened. War of Independence monument was rededicated
  • 1991 After Estonia regained its independence, Noarootsi Parish was established as a municipality
  • 1993 Paslepa Folk High School was opened
  • 2017 During the administrative reform Noarootsi Parish was merged to Lääne-Nigula Parish

Gallery edit

  •  
    Põõsaspea
  •  
    Osmussaar
  •  
    Ramsi
  •  
    Dirhami
  •  
    Noarootsi Church
  •  
    A 1705 map of the area around Noarootsi (here called Nackoon) in Latin and German when it was an island

References edit

  1. ^ "X-GIS(3) Portal". xgis.maaamet.ee. Retrieved 19 January 2022.

External links edit

 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Noarootsi.
  • Official website

59°00′N 23°31′E / 59.000°N 23.517°E / 59.000; 23.517

January 01, 1970
noarootsi, parish, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, january,. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Noarootsi Parish news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2022 Learn how and when to remove this message Noarootsi Parish Estonian Noarootsi vald Swedish Nucko kommun was a rural municipality in Laane County western Estonia 1 between 1991 and 2017 It covered an area of 296 km2 114 sq mi and had a population of 910 Noarootsi Parish Noarootsi vald in Estonian Nucko kommun in Swedish Former municipality of EstoniaAllika lakeFlagCoat of armsNoarootsi Parish within Laane County CountryEstoniaCountyLaane CountyAdministrative centrePurksiGovernment MayorUlo KalmArea Total296 km2 114 sq mi Population 2005 Total910 Density3 1 km2 8 0 sq mi Websitewww wbr noavv wbr ee The administrative centre of Noarootsi Parish was Purksi village Swedish Birkas It is located 10 km north of the capital of Laane County Haapsalu Contents 1 Villages 2 History 2 1 Chronology 3 Gallery 4 References 5 External linksVillages editThere were 23 villages in Noarootsi Parish Aulepa Dirslatt Dirhami Derhamn Einbi Enby Elbiku Olback Hara Harga Hosby Hobringi Hobring Kudani Gutanas Osmussaare Odensholm Paslepa Pasklep Purksi Birkas Riguldi Rickul Rooslepa Roslep Saare Lyckholm Spithami Spithamn Sutlepa Sutlep Suur Nommkula Klottorp Tahu Skatanas Telise Tallnas Tuksi Bergsby Vanakula Gambyn Vaike Nommkula Persaker Osterby History editNoarootsi was historically the only parish on the Estonian mainland where most of the local residents were Estonian Swedes In 1934 the parish had 4 388 inhabitants 2 697 64 of them Estonian Swedes Until the end of the ancient historic period today s Noarootsi area was practically unpopulated Noarootsi peninsula was once a group of small islands which joined the mainland in the middle of the 19th century The first written proof of the Swedish population stems from the 13th century There has been speculation although unfounded that many of the Swedes came from Finland For historical reasons the Swedes had privileges Svensk Ratt Swedish rights which consisted mainly of personal freedom and freedom of movement and lower taxes The Swedish population was strengthened by influx of Swedes from Uusimaa in Finland peaking in the beginning of the 16th century In the second half of the 16th century during the Livonian war the areas of Noarootsi were plundered by Russian army troops and many sites such as the church were devastated Beginning in the 1580s Noarootsi was subjected to Swedish rule which lasted until 1710 The Swedish era caused the cultural life to accelerate In Noarootsi the first known folk high school first mentioned in 1650 was established by local Lutheran pastor Isaacus Mariaestadius Hasselblatt Noarootsi church added chapels in Sutlepa Rooslepa and Osmussaar At the same time a line of manor houses was built which initiated limits on the coastal Swedes rights Noarootsi s peasants long fight for their freedom had begun During the Great Northern War Noarootsi was attacked by the plague epidemic during 1710 1711 The number of residents decreased by two thirds and many villages died out completely Estonians from the mainland came to live in the empty villages It was the start of Noarootsi becoming Estonianized After the Great Northern War the conflicts between the lords of the manors and the peasants became more critical This conflict culminated in the 1770s with the sending of some of Hara s village residents to the mainland In 1816 serfdom was abolished in Estonia It did not touch the coastal Swedish Estonians as their condition was ambiguous They were not slaves and yet they were not entirely free The folks communal self government and permanent compulsory school attendance were established in Noarootsi in 1856 In the middle of the 19th century a new intellectual period began Schools needed Swedish speaking teachers For their preparation in the Paslepa manor house a teachers training college was established which was in operation for 14 years The training college was led by the Swedish missionary Thure Emanuel Thoren By the 1890s a network of Swedish schools was formed in Estonia nbsp Pasklep manor in August 1993 In the beginning of the 20th century Noarootsi started to be the centre of the Swedes intellectual activity The local society s activities were led by Johan Nymann and Hans Pohl In 1898 the first choral society was established in Paslepa and in 1902 the first Swedish lending library was established In 1903 the first Swedish calendar was distributed In 1909 the Swedish education association was established in the Voola manor house In 1920 Purksi s folk high school was opened and it was in operation until 1943 During the Estonian Republic the relationship between local residents and Swedes and Finns increased remarkably Riguldi became a very active ship construction centre the ship Hoppet Swedish Hope is one ship that still exists from this era At first potatoes and apples were exported to Sweden and Finland It seemed that the Swedes were developing their place in Estonian society In 1939 the Red Army bases were brought to Estonia During this time a great deal of the population was evacuated from Osmussaar island In the summer of 1940 the Soviet Union established their power and with this a border zone It became impossible for the residents to go on with their previous occupations and they started to think about emigration to Sweden From 1943 to 1944 most of the Swedes left Estonia In their place came war refugees from northeastern Estonia and Ingria In 1944 the Soviet Army returned and the border zone was restored The remaining inhabitants contacts with their relatives in Sweden were cut off During the forced emigration and building up of kolkhozes collective farms many villages were ruined and the coastal areas became military zones Only a few villages have retained their original look The new age in Noarootsi s history started at the end of the 1980s The border zone disappeared and the local residents could return to their homes In 1988 the first folk day celebrations were organized in Noarootsi In 1989 Swedish instruction was reinstated in Noarootsi In 1990 Noarootsi Gymnasium with immersion study in Swedish was founded in Purksi Approximately 900 people lived in Noarootsi Parish in 2005 only 50 of them considered themselves Swedish Some Swedes have returned to Noarootsi after the demise of Soviet Union and bought or reclaimed old property usually land which they developed The area is attractive for people looking for a summer house as large areas of Noarootsi have been off limits for civilians during Soviet rule High property tax in Sweden and low in Estonia is another reason Chronology edit 13th century second half Noarootsi was founded citation needed 1250 Osmussaar was first mentioned in written sources 1294 Swedish people were first mentioned near Haapsalu 1391 Noarootsi was first mentioned in sources as Nucko 1575 Russian looting raid during the Livonian war 1581 Noarootsi came under the control of Sweden 17th century first manor estates in Noarootsi 1650 School of Noarootsi is first mentioned A pastor of that time Isaac Mariestadius Hasselblad founded Purksi Public Primary School where reading and writing were taught in Swedish 1710 Noarootsi along with rest of Estonia came under the control of Russia 1710 1711 Epidemic plague 1856 Local self government was established 1873 Missionary Thure Emanuel Thoren arrived 1873 1887 Paslepa Teachers College which educated teachers for Swedish schools in operation in Noarootsi 1902 The first Swedish language book was published in Noarootsi 1903 The first Swedish language calendar was distributed 1909 The Swedish Educational Society was established 1920 1943 Purksi Folk High School which became the Purksi Estonian Swedes cultural centre in operation in Purksi 1935 Monument to the War of Independence in Hosby was unveiled 1940 Soviet rule established 1941 Deportations 1943 1944 The majority of Noarootsi s inhabitants left for Sweden 1988 First celebrations of the Noarootsi homestead days 1989 Second era of teaching Swedish began 1990 Noarootsi Gymnasium was opened War of Independence monument was rededicated 1991 After Estonia regained its independence Noarootsi Parish was established as a municipality 1993 Paslepa Folk High School was opened 2017 During the administrative reform Noarootsi Parish was merged to Laane Nigula ParishGallery edit nbsp Poosaspea nbsp Osmussaar nbsp Ramsi nbsp Dirhami nbsp Noarootsi Church nbsp A 1705 map of the area around Noarootsi here called Nackoon in Latin and German when it was an islandReferences edit X GIS 3 Portal xgis maaamet ee Retrieved 19 January 2022 External links edit nbsp Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Noarootsi Official website Beyer Jurgen Whom should one thank for a narrow escape Lessons drawn from a perilous journey from Vormsi and Noarootsi to Finland in 1796 Pro Ethnologia 17 2004 175 95 59 00 N 23 31 E 59 000 N 23 517 E 59 000 23 517 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Noarootsi Parish amp oldid 1184115467, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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