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Nidal Hasan

April 09, 2024

Nidal Malik Hasan (born September 8, 1970) is a Palestinian-American former United States Army major, physician and mass murderer convicted of killing thirteen people and injuring more than 30 others in the Fort Hood mass shooting on November 5, 2009. [3] Hasan, an Army Medical Corps psychiatrist, admitted to the shootings at his court-martial in August 2013.[4][5]

Nidal Hasan
Born
Nidal Malik Hasan

(1970-09-08) September 8, 1970 (age 53)[2]
Arlington County, Virginia, U.S.
Education
OccupationPsychiatrist
Criminal statusIncarcerated
MotiveOpposition to military deployment; Jihadism[1]
Conviction(s)
Criminal penaltyDeath
Details
DateNovember 5, 2009
≈Tooltip Approximation 1:34–1:44 p.m.
CountryUnited States
State(s)Texas
Location(s)Fort Hood
Target(s)U.S. Army soldiers and civilians
Killed13
Injured32
Weapons
Imprisoned atUnited States Disciplinary Barracks
Military career
AllegianceUnited States (until 2009)
Service/branchUnited States Army Medical Corps (until 2009)
Years of service1988–2009 (dismissal)
RankMajor (revoked)
Awards

During the six years Hasan was a medical intern and resident at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center, concerns were raised about his job performance and behavior, specifically comments described by colleagues as "anti-American". Hasan was described as socially isolated, stressed by his work with soldiers and upset about their accounts of warfare.[6] Two days before the shooting, less than a month before he was due to deploy to Afghanistan, Hasan gave away many of his belongings to a neighbor.[3][7][8]

Prior to the shooting, an investigation conducted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) concluded Hasan's email correspondence with the late Imam Anwar al-Awlaki were related to his authorized professional research and he was not a threat. The FBI, Department of Defense (DoD) and United States Senate all conducted investigations after the shootings.[9] The Senate released a report describing the shooting as "the worst terrorist attack on U.S. soil since September 11, 2001".[10][11]

Controversially, the Army decided not to charge Hasan with terrorism.[12] A jury panel of thirteen officers convicted him of thirteen counts of premeditated murder, 32 counts of attempted premeditated murder and unanimously recommended he be dismissed from the service and sentenced to death.[13][14][15] Hasan is incarcerated at the United States Disciplinary Barracks at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, awaiting execution.

Early life edit

Nidal Hasan was born on September 8, 1970, at Virginia Hospital Center in Arlington County, Virginia. His parents were naturalized American citizens of Palestinian origin; they had immigrated years earlier from al-Bireh, a city in the West Bank near Jerusalem.[16][17][18][19]

Raised in the Muslim faith with his two younger brothers, Hasan attended Wakefield High School in Arlington for his freshman year in 1985. His family moved to Roanoke in 1986, where his father had moved a year prior to set up what would become a number of successful family-owned businesses which included a market, restaurant and olive bar.[20]

Hasan graduated from Roanoke's William Fleming High School in 1988.[21][22] His father died in 1998 at the age of 51; his mother died three years later at the age of 49.[22] One of his brothers continues to live in Virginia while the other moved to the Palestinian Territories.[17]

Military service, higher education and medical career edit

Hasan enlisted in the United States Army in 1988 after graduating from high school. He attended college during this time, earning an associate degree in science from Virginia Western Community College in 1992. In 1995, he graduated from Virginia Tech with a bachelor's degree in biochemistry. He completed both of these programs with Latin honors.[23] He was commissioned as an officer in the Army Medical Department in 1997, and enrolled at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS) in Bethesda, Maryland.[20]

Hasan's performance was marginal while enrolled at USUHS. He was on academic probation during much of the six years he required to complete the four-year curriculum and graduate medical school.[24] Upon graduation in 2003, Hasan completed his internship and residency in psychiatry at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC). He completed his psychiatry training with a two-year fellowship in disaster and preventive psychiatry, earning a master's degree in public health. During his training at Walter Reed, he received counseling and extra supervision.[25]

 
Slide 49/50 of The Quranic World View As It Relates to Muslims in the U.S. Military, a presentation made by Hasan during a symposium of U.S. Army physicians at WRAMC

According to The Washington Post, Hasan made a presentation titled "The Quranic World View as It Relates to Muslims in the U.S. Military" during his senior year of residency at WRAMC; it was not well received by some attendees.[26] He suggested the U.S. Department of Defense "should allow Muslims [sic] Soldiers the option of being released as 'Conscientious objectors' to increase troop morale and decrease adverse events."[27][28] On a previous slide, he explained "adverse events" could be refusal to deploy, espionage or killing of fellow soldiers.

Retired Colonel Terry Lee, after working with Hasan, recalled[29] the fatal shooting of two recruiters in Little Rock, Arkansas, greatly affected Hasan. Lee told Fox News that Hasan made "outlandish" statements against the American military presence in Iraq and Afghanistan, reportedly saying that "the Muslims should stand up and fight against the aggressor", referring to American soldiers. Hasan expressed hope U.S. President Barack Obama would withdraw troops. He was frequently agitated and argumentative with other Army personnel.[30][31]

Despite these problems, in May 2009, Hasan was promoted to major.[20] In July 2009 he was transferred to Darnall Army Medical Center in Fort Hood, Texas, moving into the city of Killeen. Two weeks later, he lawfully purchased an FN Five-seven handgun.[20] Prior to his transfer, Hasan had received a 'poor performance' evaluation from supervisors and medical faculty.[32] Despite concerns, his former boss, Lt. Col. Ben Phillips, graded his performance as "outstanding".[33]

Hasan's cousin, Virginia attorney Nader Hasan, disputed the assertion that he was "disenchanted with the military," but said Hasan dreaded war after counseling soldiers with post-traumatic stress disorder. He was "mortified by the idea" of deploying after he heard a "daily basis the horrors they saw over there". Nader also stated Hasan was harassed by his fellow soldiers. "He hired a military attorney to try to have the issue resolved, pay back the government, to get out of the military. He was at the end of trying everything."[34] Hasan's aunt also said Hasan sought discharge because of harassment relating to his Islamic faith.[23] However, an Army spokesman did not confirm the relatives' statements;[35] with the deputy director of the American Muslim Armed Forces and Veterans Affairs Council stating the reported harassment was "inconsistent" with their records.[36]

Hasan's uncle Rafiq Hamad, a resident of Ramallah in the West Bank, said he was gentle and quiet. He fainted while observing childbirth, the reason he chose psychiatry. He was deeply sensitive, and mourned a pet bird for months after it died.[25] Also near Ramallah, cousin Mohammed Hasan said "because he's Muslim, he didn't want to go to Afghanistan or Iraq, and he didn't want to expose himself to violence and death". Mohammed stated his cousin was a "pleasant young man" who was happy to graduate and to be joining the army after his uncle and cousins served. They never talked about politics, but Hasan complained "he was treated like a Muslim, like an Arab, rather than an American; he was discriminated against."[37]

In August 2009, according to a Killeen police report, someone vandalized Hasan's automobile with a key; repair was estimated at $1000. Police charged a soldier; a neighbor claimed the vehicle was vandalized because of Hasan's religion.[23]

According to military records, Hasan was unmarried.[38] However, David Cook, a former neighbor, stated, in 1997, Hasan had two sons living with him and attending local schools. Cook said, "As far as I know, he was a single father. I never saw a wife."[18]

Military awards and decorations edit

Hasan received the Army Service Ribbon as a private in 1988 after completing Advanced Individual Training (AIT), the National Defense Service Medal twice for service during the time periods of the Persian Gulf War and the Global War on Terror, and the Global War on Terrorism Service Medal for support service during the Global War on Terror.[7]

Religious and ideological beliefs edit

According to one of his cousins, Hasan was Muslim; he became more devout after the early deaths of his parents.[17] His cousin did not recall him expressing any radical or anti-American views,[17] and his family also described Hasan as a peaceful person, and a good American.[39] One of his cousins said Hasan turned against the wars after hearing the stories of soldiers he treated in therapy following their return from Afghanistan and Iraq.[40] His aunt said he did not tell the family he was going to Afghanistan.[41]

 
Anwar al-Awlaki in 2008; Hasan communicated with him in the months prior to the shootings

In May 2001, Hasan attended the Dar Al-Hijrah mosque in the Falls Church area for the funeral of his mother[42] and occasionally, attended a mosque in Silver Spring, Maryland, close to where he lived and worked; he was well-known by the Imam for over a decade.[43] Faizul Khan, the former Imam of the Silver Spring mosque where Hasan prayed several times a week, said he was "a reserved guy with a nice personality. We discussed religious matters. Politics were never brought up. He is Muslim."[18] Khan said Hasan often expressed his wish to get married, and the Imam said, "I got the impression he was a committed soldier."[23]

Air Force Lt. Col. Dr. Val Finnell, a graduate school classmate in the Master's in Public Health program, said in a class on environmental health, Hasan's project dealt with "whether the Global War On Terror is a war on Islam" and the effect on Muslims in the military, which Finnell thought was strange.[44]

According to Colonel Terry Lee, since retired, "He [Hasan] said 'maybe Muslims should stand up and fight against the aggressor'. At first, we thought he meant help the armed forces, but apparently that wasn't the case. Other times, he said we shouldn't be in the war in the first place."[45]

Email exchanges with Anwar Al-Awlaki edit

In 2001-02, Anwar al-Awlaki was the Imam of the Dar al-Hijrah mosque; during that time, he was considered a moderate Muslim. Serving as the Muslim chaplain at George Washington University, he was frequently invited to speak about Islam to audiences in Washington DC and to members of Congress and the government. Hasan reportedly had deep respect for al-Awlaki's teachings.[46]

Eleven months prior to the shootings, in December 2008, federal intelligence officials captured a series of e-mail exchanges between Al-Awlaki and Hasan. During this period, al-Awlaki was deemed a "radical cleric". However, they determined the e-mails were religious, and did not contain any elements of militancy nor any concerning subject matter.[20] Counter-terrorism specialists for the FBI reading the e-mails stated "they were consistent with authorized research Major Hasan was conducting."[47][48][49] The e-mails contained general questions about spiritual guidance with regard to conflicts between Islam and military service, and officials judged them to be consistent with his legitimate mental health research about Muslims in the American 'armed' services.[50][51][52]

After the shootings, the Yemeni journalist Abdulelah Hider Shaea interviewed al-Awlaki in November 2009 about their exchanges, and discussed their time with a Washington Post reporter. According to Shaea, Al-Awlaki said he "neither ordered nor pressured ... Hasan to harm Americans".[53] Al-Awlaki said Hasan first e-mailed him on December 17, 2008. By way of introduction, Hasan said: "Do you remember me? I used to pray with you at the Virginia mosque."[53] According to Al-Awlaki, Hasan said he was Muslim around the time the Imam was preaching at Dar al-Hijrah in 2001 and 2002. This coincides with the death of his mother.

Al-Awlaki said, "Maybe Nidal was affected by one of my lectures." He added: "It was clear, from his e-mails, Nidal trusted me. Nidal told me: 'I speak with you about issues I never speak with anyone.'" Al-Awlaki said Hasan arrived at his conclusions regarding the acceptability of violence in Islam, and said he was not the one to initiate this. Shaea summarized their relationship by saying, "Nidal was providing evidence to Anwar, not vice versa."[53]

In October 2008, Charles Allen, US Undersecretary of Homeland Security for Intelligence and Analysis, warned al-Awlaki "targets US Muslims with radical online lectures encouraging terrorist attacks from his new home in Yemen".[54][55]

Former CIA officer Bruce Riedel says "E-mailing a known al-Qaeda sympathizer should set-off alarm bells. Even if he was exchanging recipes, the bureau should have put out an alert."[56]

Al-Awlaki had a website with a blog to share his views.[56] On December 11, 2008, he condemned any Muslim who seeks a religious decree "that would allow him to serve in the armies of the dis-believers and fight against his brothers."[56] The NEFA Foundation says, on December 23, 2008, six days after he said Hasan first e-mailed him, al-Awlaki wrote on his blog: "The bullets of the fighters of Afghanistan and Iraq are a reflection of the feelings of Muslims toward America."[57]

An unidentified Muslim officer at Fort Hood said Hasan's eyes "lit up" while speaking about al-Awlaki's teachings.[58] Some investigators believe Hasan's contacts with al-Awlaki pushed him toward violence at a time he was depressed and stressed.[59]

Prior to the Fort Hood shooting edit

Internet activity edit

The government agents monitoring Islamic websites believe Hasan, using the screenname 'NidalHasan', posted about suicide bombings in May 2009, although, during this period, government agents did not link the posts to Hasan.[44][60] The postings by 'NidalHasan' likened a suicide bomber to a soldier falling on a grenade to save his colleagues, to sacrifice for a "noble cause".[44][60] ABC News reported after the fact, anonymous government agents issued a press-release claiming they were allegedly aware Hasan attempted to contact Al Qaeda,[61] then issued a press-release claiming Hasan had "more unexplained connections to people tracked by the FBI" than just Anwar al-Awlaki.[62]

Hasan's business card left in his apartment describes him as a psychiatrist specializing in Behavioral Health – Mental Health – Life Skills, and contains the acronyms SoA (SWT).[63][64][65] According to investigators, the acronym "SoA" is used on jihadist websites as an acronym for "Soldier of Allah" or "Servant of Allah." SWT is commonly used to mean "subhanahu wa ta'ala" (Glory to God).[47][66] A review of Hasan's computer and e-mail accounts show visits to Internet sites espousing radical Islamist ideas, according to a press-release from an anonymous government agent.[67]

Emails to superiors edit

Hasan expressed concern about the former actions by some of the soldiers he evaluated as a psychiatrist.[68] Days before his attacks on Fort Hood in 2009, Hasan asked his supervisors and Army legal advisers how to handle reports of soldiers' deeds in Afghanistan and Iraq that disturbed him.[68]

Other activity edit

Hasan was to be deployed to Afghanistan[69] on November 28. Hasan told a local store owner he was stressed about his imminent deployment to Afghanistan since his work as a psychologist might require him to fight or kill fellow Muslims.[70] In a press-release from Jeff Sadoski, spokesman for U.S. Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison, "Hasan was upset about his deployment".[71]

Hasan gave away furniture from his home on the morning of the shooting, saying he was going to be deployed on Friday.[72] He also distributed copies of the Quran.[73] Kamran Pasha wrote about a Muslim officer at Fort Hood who said he prayed with Hasan on the day of the Fort Hood shooting, and Hasan "appeared relaxed and not in any way troubled or nervous". This officer believed the shootings could possibly be motivated by religious radicalism.[20][74]

Fort Hood attacks edit

 
First responders and soldiers transport a fellow soldier wounded in the Fort Hood shooting
Main article: 2009 Fort Hood shooting

On November 5, 2009, Hasan reportedly shouted "Allahu Akbar!"[75][76][77] (the phrase means "God is great"),[78][79] and opened fire on armed forces in the Soldier Readiness Center of Fort Hood, located in Killeen, Texas, killing thirteen people and wounding over thirty others in the worst shooting against armed forces on an American military base.[8]

Department of the Army police officer Kimberly D. Munley encountered Hasan leaving the building. Munley and Hasan exchanged shots before Munley was shot in the leg twice.[80] Department of the Army police officer Mark Todd shot Hasan several times.[81][82] Todd kicked the pistol out of Hasan's hand, then cuffed Hasan.[83] The attack lasted about ten minutes.[84]

Post-shooting edit

Medical condition edit

To save his life, Hasan was hospitalized in the intensive care unit at Brooke Army Medical Center at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas.[85][86] His condition was described as "stable".[87] News reports on November 7, 2009, indicated he was in a coma.[88] On November 9, hospital spokesperson Dewey Mitchell announced Hasan regained consciousness, and was able to talk since he was removed from a ventilator on November 7.[89] On November 13, Hasan's attorney, John Galligan, announced Hasan was paralyzed from the waist down from the bullet wounds to his spine, and would likely never walk.[90] In mid-December, Galligan indicated Hasan was moved from intensive care to a private hospital room. Galligan said doctors said Hasan would need at least two months in the hospital to learn "to care for himself".[91]

Court-martial edit

On November 7, 2009, while Hasan was communicative, he refused to talk to law enforcement officials.[92] On November 12 and December 2, respectively, Hasan was charged with thirteen counts of pre-meditated murder and thirty-two counts of attempted murder under the Uniform Code of Military Justice, thus making him eligible for the death penalty.[14][15][93]

At the time, authorities did not specify if they would seek the death penalty,[94] Colonel Michael Mulligan would serve as the Army's lead prosecutor. Mulligan was lead prosecutor on the Hasan Akbar case, in which a soldier was sentenced to death for the murder of two members of the US military.[95]

John P. Galligan, a retired Army JAG colonel, represented Hasan.[96] On November 21, in a hearing held in Hasan's hospital room, a military magistrate ruled there was probable cause Hasan committed the shooting spree at Fort Hood, and ordered pre-trial confinement until his court-martial. Hasan remained in intensive care in accordance with the magistrate's dictate.[97] On November 23, Galligan said Hasan would likely plead not guilty to the charges against him, and may use an insanity defense at his court-martial.[98] In a press-release, Army public affairs staff stated doctors would evaluate Hasan by mid-January 2010 to determine his competency to stand trial as well as his mental state at the time of the attacks,[95] but delayed the exam on request from Galligan until after the Article 32 hearing.[99] The Army dictated Hasan speak only in English on the phone or with visitors unless an interpreter was present.[100] Hasan was moved from Brooke Army Medical Center to the Bell County Jail in Belton, Texas, on April 9, 2010.[101] Fort Hood negotiated a renewable $207,000 contract with Bell County in March to house Hasan for six months.[102]

In a press release, Galligan announced prosecutors would seek the death penalty, stating, "It is the first 'formal notice' but, of course, it is a virtual given from the start. In short, the Army has been pursuing death from the git-go."[103] The prosecutors filed a memo on April 28, 2010, stating the "aggravating factor" necessary for pursuit of the death penalty will be satisfied if Hasan is found guilty of more than one murder.[103] The decision to seek the death penalty followed the Article 32 hearing.[103] In a September 15, 2010, press release, Hasan's attorney stated he intended to seek closed court hearings.[104]

On October 12, 2010, Hasan was due to appear for his first broad military hearing into the attack. The hearing, formally called an Article 32 proceeding, akin to a grand jury hearing but open to the public, was expected to span six weeks. The hearing, designed to help the top Army commander at Ft. Hood determine whether there was enough evidence to court-martial Hasan, was scheduled to begin calling witnesses, but was delayed by technicality disputes.[105] The hearing proceeded on October 14 with witness testimonies from survivors of the attacks.[106] On November 15, the military hearing ended after Galligan declined to offer a defense case, on the grounds the White House and Defense Department refused to release documents he requested pertaining to an intelligence review of the shootings. Neither the defense nor prosecution offered to deliver a closing argument.[107]

On November 18, Colonel James L. Pohl, investigating officer for the Article 32 hearing, recommended Hasan be court-martialed and face the death penalty. His recommendation was forwarded to another U.S. Army colonel at Fort Hood, who, after filing his report, presented his recommendation to the post commander. The post commander decided Hasan would face a trial and the death penalty.[108] On July 6, 2011, the Fort Hood post commander referred the case to a general court-martial authorized to consider the death penalty.[109] On July 27, 2011, Fort Hood Chief Circuit Judge Colonel Gregory Gross set a March 5, 2012, trial date. Hasan declined to enter any plea, and Judge Gross granted a request by Hasan's attorneys to defer the plea. Hasan notified Gross he had released John Galligan, his civilian attorney during previous court appearances, choosing to be represented by three military lawyers.[110]

On February 2, 2012, a military judge delayed the trial until June 12, 2012. Lieutenant Colonel Kris Poppe, Hasan's lead attorney, said the request to delay the trial was "purely a matter of necessity of adequate time for pre-trial preparation".[111]

On April 10, 2012, Hasan's lawyers requested another continuance to move the trial start date from June to late October to investigate paperwork and evidence and interview witnesses. Gross agreed to take the request under advisement. Judge Gross denied a defense motion seeking a Defense Initiated Victim Outreach specialist to testify, Fort Hood officials said. The new program is intended to help the defense respond to the needs of survivors and victims' families, and possibly change their attitudes if they support the death penalty. Gross also denied a defense request to force prosecutors to provide notes from meetings and conversations with President Barack Obama, the defense secretary, and other government agents after the November 5, 2009, attacks. Defense attorneys argued they want to determine if anything unlawfully influenced Hasan's chain of command to prosecute him. On April 18, 2012, Judge Gross granted in part the defense motion for a continuance, scheduling the trial for August 20, 2012.[112]

In July 2012, after dictating Hasan shave his beard, the judge found Hasan in contempt of court and fined him.[113] He was fined once more for retaining his beard, and was warned by Judge Colonel Gregory Gross he could be force-shaved prior to his court-martial.[114] On August 15, Hasan was scheduled to enter pleas to the charges brought against him before the beginning of the court-martial; he would not be allowed to plead guilty for the premeditated murder charges because prosecutors pursued the death penalty.[115]

The court-martial was delayed by Hasan's objections to being shaved against his will, and his appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces regarding the matter; through his attorneys, Hasan said his beard is part of his religious beliefs. The prosecutors argued Hasan was simply trying to delay his trial.[116]

On August 27, the Appeals Court announced the trial could continue, but did not rule whether Hasan could be force-shaved nor did they set a new date for the start of the trial. The Appeals Court rejected attempts by Hasan to receive "religious accommodation" to grow a beard.[117] On September 6, Colonel Gross ruled Hasan be force-shaved after he determined the 1993 Religious Freedom Restoration Act did not apply to this case; however, the force-shave will not be enforced until Hasan's appeals are exhausted.[118][119] During the September 6 hearing, Hasan twice offered to plead guilty; however, U.S. Army rules prohibit judges from accepting a guilty plea in a death penalty case.[119]

Hasan remained incarcerated and in a wheelchair. He continued to receive paychecks.[120]

On June 3, 2013, a military judge allowed Hasan to represent himself. His attorneys were to remain on the case, but only if he asked for their help. Jury selection was set to start on June 5, and opening arguments were scheduled to begin on July 1.[121][122] On June 14, 2013, U.S. Army Colonel Tara Osborn dictated Hasan could not claim he was defending the Taliban.[123] In a press-release, Hasan justified his actions during the Fort Hood attacks by claiming the US military was at war against Islam.[124]

During the first day of the trial on August 6, Hasan, representing himself, admitted he was the attacker during the Fort Hood attacks in 2009, and stated the evidence would show he was the attacker. He also told the panel hearing he "switched sides", and regarded himself as a Mujahideen waging "jihad"—waging war—against the US military.[125] By August 7, disagreements between Hasan and his stand-by defense team led Judge Osborn to suspend the trial. Hasan's defense attorneys were concerned Hasan was trying to help prosecutors achieve a death sentence. Because the prosecutors sought the death penalty, his defense team sought to prevent this.[126]

On August 8, Judge Osborn ruled Hasan could continue to represent himself during the trial, then rejected his stand-by defense team's requests they take over Hasan's defense or have their roles reduced. The judge also declined the defense lawyers' request they be removed from the case. On August 9, Hasan allowed two of his three stand-by defense lawyers—Lieutenant Colonel Christopher Martin and Major Joseph Marcee—to seek leave to prepare an appeal arguing the defendant was seeking the death penalty, thus undermining their rules of "professional conduct".[127][128] His third attorney Lieutenant Colonel Kris Poppe remained behind to observe the court proceedings.[129] Court proceedings also resumed with the prosecution presenting testimonies from several survivors of the Fort Hood attacks. By August 14, more than sixty prosecution witnesses testified, and each identified Hasan as the attacker. Court proceedings were speedy because Hasan raised few objections and declined to cross-examine most witnesses.[130]

By August 13, prosecutors shifted to presenting forensic evidence with FBI agents present at the crime scene testifying they had so much evidence at the crime scene, they ran out of markers. This evidence included one hundred forty-six cartridge cases and six magazines. The New York Times published remarks by Hasan from a mental health report supplied by the defendant's civil attorney John Galligan. According to these documents, Hasan told mental health professionals he "would still be a martyr" if he was convicted and executed.[131] Hasan, acting as his defense lawyer, offered to share the report with prosecutors during his court-martial. However, on August 14, Judge Osborn blocked prosecutors from seeing the report.[132] On August 19, she also excluded prosecuting evidence relating to Hasan's early radicalization, plus evidence which presented the Fort Hood attacks as a "copycat" based on the actions of Hasan Akbar, U.S. Army soldier sentenced to death.[133]

On August 20, 2013, prosecutors rested their case against Hasan. They called nearly ninety witnesses over eleven days with the fast pace of proceedings attributed to Hasan's refusal to cross-examine most witnesses. Throughout the proceedings, he only questioned three witnesses. While the defense was scheduled to present his case on Wednesday, Hasan indicated he had no plans to call any defense witnesses. Earlier, he planned to call two defense witnesses: one a mitigation expert in capital murder cases, and the other a California university professor specializing in philosophy and religion. Hasan also formally declined to argue prosecutors failed to prove their case.[134][135] Hasan did not call any witnesses or testify in his defense; he rested his defense on August 21, 2013.[136] On August 22, 2013, Hasan declined to give a closing argument.[137]

Verdict and sentencing edit

On August 23, 2013, the military jury consisting of nine colonels, three lieutenant colonels, and one major[138] convicted Hasan of all charges, making him eligible for the death penalty.[139] Those deliberations began on August 26, 2013.[140] By August 27, the thirteen-member panel of jurors heard testimony from twenty-four victims and family members of those wounded and killed during the 2009 Fort Hood attacks against American armed forces.[141] Throughout the proceedings, Hasan declined to speak in his defense or question any of the witnesses. He also did not provide any material explaining his decision to not mount a defense throughout the trial and sentencing. At the end, Hasan, acting as his attorney, told jurors the defense rested his case. Judge Tara Osborn accepted Hasan's decision. In his final statement, lead prosecutor Colonel Mike Mulligan said

[Hasan] can never be a martyr because he has nothing to give ... Do not be misled; do not be confused; do not be fooled. He is not giving his life. We are taking his life. This is not his gift to God, it's his debt to society. He will not now and will not ever be a martyr.[142]

The jurors re-convened to decide sentencing.[143][144] On August 28, 2013, the jurors recommended Hasan be sentenced to death.[145] The panel also recommended Hasan forfeit his military pay and be dismissed from the Army, a separation for officers carrying the same consequences as a dishonorable discharge.[146] Due to mandatory appeals and the military's historical reluctance to execute convicts, any execution is years away.[147]

Reaction edit

Praise from Islamic extremists edit

Some Muslims claimed the events in Islamist terms for political purposes. After the Fort Hood attacks, Anwar al-Awlaki praised Hasan's actions:[148]

Nidal Hassan [sic] is a hero. He is a man of conscience who could not bear living the contradiction of being a Muslim and serving in an army fighting against his people ... Any decent Muslim cannot live, understanding properly his duties toward his Creator and his fellow Muslims, and yet serve as a member of the US armed forces. The U.S. is leading the war against terrorism which, in reality, is a war against Islam.[149][150]

Al-Awlaki posted this as part of a lengthy Internet message.[151]

In March 2010, Al Qaeda spokesman Adam Yahiye Gadahn praised Hasan, saying, although he was not a member of Al Qaeda, the

Mujahid brother ... shown us what one righteous Muslim with an assault rifle [sic] can do for his religion and brothers in faith ... is a pioneer, a trail-blazer, and a role-model ... and yearns to discharge his duty to Allah and play a part in the defense of Muslims against the savage, heartless, and bloody Zionist Crusader assault on our religion, sacred places, and homelands.[152]

Hours before the attacks, CNN posted an interview and video of a New York city organization called Revolution Muslim, in which Younes Abdullah Mohammed (a Jew converted to Islam) spoke outside a New York mosque, saying U.S. armed forces are "legitimate targets", and Osama bin Laden was their model. The evening after the attacks, Revolution Muslim posted support for Hasan on their website, one of the few American sites to do so. In the video, RM described American armed forces as "slain terrorists in the eternal hellfire".[153] Some Muslims condemned the organization.[153][154]

A November 2009 press-release from the Ansar Al-Mujahideen Network cited Hasan as a role model. They congratulated him for his "brave and heroic deed" for standing up to the "modern Zionist-Christian Crusades" against Muslims.[153]

Retrospective analyses edit

A military activist, Selena Coppa, said: "This man was a mental health professional and was working with other mental health professionals every day, and they failed to notice how deeply-disturbed someone right in their midst was."[155]

Hasan's perceived beliefs were also a cause for concern among some of his peers. According to an anonymous source, Hasan was disciplined for "proselytizing about his Muslim faith with patients and colleagues", while at Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS);[156] The Telegraph reported an incident in which some attendees felt one of his lectures, expected to be of a medical nature, became a diatribe against "infidels". Air Force doctor Val Finnell, a former medical school classmate, complained to superiors about Hasan's "anti-American rants", said: "The system is not doing what it's supposed to do. He at least should have been confronted about these beliefs, told to cease and desist, and to shape up or ship out."[155]

Before revealing the contents of the e-mails, Jarret Brachman, a scholar of terrorism, said Hasan's contacts with al-Awlaki raised "huge red flags". According to Brachman, al-Awlaki is a major influence internationally on English-speaking jihadists.[157]

The Dallas Morning News reported on November 17 ABC News, citing anonymous sources, reported Law Enforcement Officials suspect the attacks were triggered by the refusal of Hasan's superiors to process his requests seeking to have some of his patients prosecuted for war crimes based on statements they made during psychiatric sessions with him. Dallas attorney Patrick McLain, a former Marine, opined Hasan was lawfully justified in sharing privileged information from his patients, but it was impossible to be sure without knowing that information. Some fellow psychiatrists complained to superiors Hasan's requests violated physician–patient privilege.[158]

Shortly after the attacks, General George Casey, Chief of Staff of the Army, said the

"real tragedy" would be harming the cause of diversity, saying, "As great a tragedy as this was, it would be a shame if our diversity became a casualty as well."[159] Several months later, in a February 2010 interview, Casey said, "Our diversity—not only in our Army, but in our country, is a strength. And as horrific as this tragedy was, if our diversity becomes a casualty, I think that's worse."[160]

FBI Director Robert Mueller appointed William Webster, a former director of the FBI, to conduct an independent review of the bureau's handling of investigations related to Hasan and whether they missed indicators of an attack. Webster was selected for the job due to, as Mueller stated, being "uniquely qualified" for such a review,[161] and the Webster Commission's press-release includes several recommendations including written policies to "...clarify the ownership of leads, integration of databases, and acquiring search capabilities for all relevant databases based on computational analysis of textual data to replace simple keyword searches...".[162]

Media analysis and political statements edit

On the November 9, 2009, Fox News Sunday show, U.S. Senator Joe Lieberman called for a probe by his Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. In his press-release, Lieberman said,

if the reports we're receiving of various statements he made, acts he took, are valid, he turned to Islamist extremism ... if that is true, the murder of these thirteen people was a terrorist act ... I think it's very important to let the Army and the FBI go forward with this investigation before we reach any conclusions.[163][164]

The November 23 cover of the European and U.S. editions of Time magazine featured a photograph of Hasan, with the title "Terrorist?" over his eyes.[165] Nancy Gibbs reported the cover story: "Hasan matched the classic model of the lone, strange, crazy killer: the quiet and gentle man who formed few close human attachments."[166] She noted, "Hasan's motives were mixed enough everyone with an agenda could find markers in the trail he left."[166] Bruce Hoffman, a terrorism scholar and Georgetown University professor, told Gibbs "I used to argue it was only terrorism if it were part of some identifiable organized conspiracy ... the nature of terrorism is changing, and Major Hasan may be an example of that".[166] The Christian Science Monitor also questioned whether Hasan was a terrorist.[167]

On November 14, The New York Times stated, "Major Hasan may be the latest example of an increasingly common type of terrorist, self-radicalized with the help of the Internet, and wreaks havoc without support from overseas networks and without having to cross a border to reach his target."[168]

Prison life edit

Following his conviction and sentencing, Nidal Hasan was incarcerated at the United States Disciplinary Barracks at Fort Leavenworth in Kansas to await execution. According to Chris Haug, Fort Hood's Chief of Media Relations, Hasan was stripped of his rank and dismissed from the U.S. Army.[13] Hasan would only be referred to as "Inmate Nidal Hasan" going forward.[13] On September 5, 2013, prison staff force-shaved Hasan. Fort Leavenworth authorities justified their decision by citing Hasan would be subject to Army regulations although he was dismissed from the Army and forfeited all pay and allowances. Despite Army regulations banning personnel from facial hair, Hasan stopped shaving following the Fort Hood attacks in 2009 by citing his religious beliefs.[169][170] Although no new photos of Hasan are released since his incarceration, military authorities confirmed a video recording of the force-shaving exists per military regulations. In response, John Galligan, Hasan's former civilian lawyer, planned to sue the military for violating his religious beliefs. Galligan argued a military council in 2012 allowed Hasan to keep his beard for the duration of the trial, and dismissed the Army's actions as vindictive.[171]

On August 28, 2014, Hasan's attorney said Hasan wrote to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, then head of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). In the letter, Hasan requested to be made a citizen of the Islamic State, and included his signature and the abbreviation SoA (Soldier of Allah).[172][173]

In popular culture edit

The Israeli singer Eric Berman, in his album "Oh Pathetic Ridiculous Heart," composed the song "Not A Simple Story" following the background of the attacks. The song describes Hasan's biography and his deterioration leading him to attack.[174][175][176]

See also edit

References edit

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April 09, 2024
nidal, hasan, nidal, malik, hasan, born, september, 1970, palestinian, american, former, united, states, army, major, physician, mass, murderer, convicted, killing, thirteen, people, injuring, more, than, others, fort, hood, mass, shooting, november, 2009, has. Nidal Malik Hasan born September 8 1970 is a Palestinian American former United States Army major physician and mass murderer convicted of killing thirteen people and injuring more than 30 others in the Fort Hood mass shooting on November 5 2009 3 Hasan an Army Medical Corps psychiatrist admitted to the shootings at his court martial in August 2013 4 5 Nidal HasanBornNidal Malik Hasan 1970 09 08 September 8 1970 age 53 2 Arlington County Virginia U S EducationVirginia Western Community College A S Virginia Tech BA Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences M D M P H OccupationPsychiatristCriminal statusIncarceratedMotiveOpposition to military deployment Jihadism 1 Conviction s Premeditated murder 13 counts Attempted premeditated murder 32 counts Criminal penaltyDeathDetailsDateNovember 5 2009 Tooltip Approximation 1 34 1 44 p m CountryUnited StatesState s TexasLocation s Fort HoodTarget s U S Army soldiers and civiliansKilled13Injured32WeaponsFN Five seveN pistol Smith amp Wesson 357 Magnum revolverImprisoned atUnited States Disciplinary BarracksMilitary careerAllegianceUnited States until 2009 Service wbr branchUnited States Army Medical Corps until 2009 Years of service1988 2009 dismissal RankMajor revoked AwardsArmy Service RibbonNational Defense Service Medal 2 Global War on Terrorism Service MedalDuring the six years Hasan was a medical intern and resident at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center concerns were raised about his job performance and behavior specifically comments described by colleagues as anti American Hasan was described as socially isolated stressed by his work with soldiers and upset about their accounts of warfare 6 Two days before the shooting less than a month before he was due to deploy to Afghanistan Hasan gave away many of his belongings to a neighbor 3 7 8 Prior to the shooting an investigation conducted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation FBI concluded Hasan s email correspondence with the late Imam Anwar al Awlaki were related to his authorized professional research and he was not a threat The FBI Department of Defense DoD and United States Senate all conducted investigations after the shootings 9 The Senate released a report describing the shooting as the worst terrorist attack on U S soil since September 11 2001 10 11 Controversially the Army decided not to charge Hasan with terrorism 12 A jury panel of thirteen officers convicted him of thirteen counts of premeditated murder 32 counts of attempted premeditated murder and unanimously recommended he be dismissed from the service and sentenced to death 13 14 15 Hasan is incarcerated at the United States Disciplinary Barracks at Fort Leavenworth Kansas awaiting execution Contents 1 Early life 2 Military service higher education and medical career 2 1 Military awards and decorations 3 Religious and ideological beliefs 3 1 Email exchanges with Anwar Al Awlaki 4 Prior to the Fort Hood shooting 4 1 Internet activity 4 2 Emails to superiors 4 3 Other activity 5 Fort Hood attacks 5 1 Post shooting 5 1 1 Medical condition 5 1 2 Court martial 5 1 3 Verdict and sentencing 5 2 Reaction 5 2 1 Praise from Islamic extremists 5 2 2 Retrospective analyses 5 2 3 Media analysis and political statements 6 Prison life 6 1 In popular culture 7 See also 8 ReferencesEarly life editNidal Hasan was born on September 8 1970 at Virginia Hospital Center in Arlington County Virginia His parents were naturalized American citizens of Palestinian origin they had immigrated years earlier from al Bireh a city in the West Bank near Jerusalem 16 17 18 19 Raised in the Muslim faith with his two younger brothers Hasan attended Wakefield High School in Arlington for his freshman year in 1985 His family moved to Roanoke in 1986 where his father had moved a year prior to set up what would become a number of successful family owned businesses which included a market restaurant and olive bar 20 Hasan graduated from Roanoke s William Fleming High School in 1988 21 22 His father died in 1998 at the age of 51 his mother died three years later at the age of 49 22 One of his brothers continues to live in Virginia while the other moved to the Palestinian Territories 17 Military service higher education and medical career editHasan enlisted in the United States Army in 1988 after graduating from high school He attended college during this time earning an associate degree in science from Virginia Western Community College in 1992 In 1995 he graduated from Virginia Tech with a bachelor s degree in biochemistry He completed both of these programs with Latin honors 23 He was commissioned as an officer in the Army Medical Department in 1997 and enrolled at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences USUHS in Bethesda Maryland 20 Hasan s performance was marginal while enrolled at USUHS He was on academic probation during much of the six years he required to complete the four year curriculum and graduate medical school 24 Upon graduation in 2003 Hasan completed his internship and residency in psychiatry at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center WRAMC He completed his psychiatry training with a two year fellowship in disaster and preventive psychiatry earning a master s degree in public health During his training at Walter Reed he received counseling and extra supervision 25 nbsp Slide 49 50 of The Quranic World View As It Relates to Muslims in the U S Military a presentation made by Hasan during a symposium of U S Army physicians at WRAMCAccording to The Washington Post Hasan made a presentation titled The Quranic World View as It Relates to Muslims in the U S Military during his senior year of residency at WRAMC it was not well received by some attendees 26 He suggested the U S Department of Defense should allow Muslims sic Soldiers the option of being released as Conscientious objectors to increase troop morale and decrease adverse events 27 28 On a previous slide he explained adverse events could be refusal to deploy espionage or killing of fellow soldiers Retired Colonel Terry Lee after working with Hasan recalled 29 the fatal shooting of two recruiters in Little Rock Arkansas greatly affected Hasan Lee told Fox News that Hasan made outlandish statements against the American military presence in Iraq and Afghanistan reportedly saying that the Muslims should stand up and fight against the aggressor referring to American soldiers Hasan expressed hope U S President Barack Obama would withdraw troops He was frequently agitated and argumentative with other Army personnel 30 31 Despite these problems in May 2009 Hasan was promoted to major 20 In July 2009 he was transferred to Darnall Army Medical Center in Fort Hood Texas moving into the city of Killeen Two weeks later he lawfully purchased an FN Five seven handgun 20 Prior to his transfer Hasan had received a poor performance evaluation from supervisors and medical faculty 32 Despite concerns his former boss Lt Col Ben Phillips graded his performance as outstanding 33 Hasan s cousin Virginia attorney Nader Hasan disputed the assertion that he was disenchanted with the military but said Hasan dreaded war after counseling soldiers with post traumatic stress disorder He was mortified by the idea of deploying after he heard a daily basis the horrors they saw over there Nader also stated Hasan was harassed by his fellow soldiers He hired a military attorney to try to have the issue resolved pay back the government to get out of the military He was at the end of trying everything 34 Hasan s aunt also said Hasan sought discharge because of harassment relating to his Islamic faith 23 However an Army spokesman did not confirm the relatives statements 35 with the deputy director of the American Muslim Armed Forces and Veterans Affairs Council stating the reported harassment was inconsistent with their records 36 Hasan s uncle Rafiq Hamad a resident of Ramallah in the West Bank said he was gentle and quiet He fainted while observing childbirth the reason he chose psychiatry He was deeply sensitive and mourned a pet bird for months after it died 25 Also near Ramallah cousin Mohammed Hasan said because he s Muslim he didn t want to go to Afghanistan or Iraq and he didn t want to expose himself to violence and death Mohammed stated his cousin was a pleasant young man who was happy to graduate and to be joining the army after his uncle and cousins served They never talked about politics but Hasan complained he was treated like a Muslim like an Arab rather than an American he was discriminated against 37 In August 2009 according to a Killeen police report someone vandalized Hasan s automobile with a key repair was estimated at 1000 Police charged a soldier a neighbor claimed the vehicle was vandalized because of Hasan s religion 23 According to military records Hasan was unmarried 38 However David Cook a former neighbor stated in 1997 Hasan had two sons living with him and attending local schools Cook said As far as I know he was a single father I never saw a wife 18 Military awards and decorations edit Hasan received the Army Service Ribbon as a private in 1988 after completing Advanced Individual Training AIT the National Defense Service Medal twice for service during the time periods of the Persian Gulf War and the Global War on Terror and the Global War on Terrorism Service Medal for support service during the Global War on Terror 7 Religious and ideological beliefs editAccording to one of his cousins Hasan was Muslim he became more devout after the early deaths of his parents 17 His cousin did not recall him expressing any radical or anti American views 17 and his family also described Hasan as a peaceful person and a good American 39 One of his cousins said Hasan turned against the wars after hearing the stories of soldiers he treated in therapy following their return from Afghanistan and Iraq 40 His aunt said he did not tell the family he was going to Afghanistan 41 nbsp Anwar al Awlaki in 2008 Hasan communicated with him in the months prior to the shootingsIn May 2001 Hasan attended the Dar Al Hijrah mosque in the Falls Church area for the funeral of his mother 42 and occasionally attended a mosque in Silver Spring Maryland close to where he lived and worked he was well known by the Imam for over a decade 43 Faizul Khan the former Imam of the Silver Spring mosque where Hasan prayed several times a week said he was a reserved guy with a nice personality We discussed religious matters Politics were never brought up He is Muslim 18 Khan said Hasan often expressed his wish to get married and the Imam said I got the impression he was a committed soldier 23 Air Force Lt Col Dr Val Finnell a graduate school classmate in the Master s in Public Health program said in a class on environmental health Hasan s project dealt with whether the Global War On Terror is a war on Islam and the effect on Muslims in the military which Finnell thought was strange 44 According to Colonel Terry Lee since retired He Hasan said maybe Muslims should stand up and fight against the aggressor At first we thought he meant help the armed forces but apparently that wasn t the case Other times he said we shouldn t be in the war in the first place 45 Email exchanges with Anwar Al Awlaki edit In 2001 02 Anwar al Awlaki was the Imam of the Dar al Hijrah mosque during that time he was considered a moderate Muslim Serving as the Muslim chaplain at George Washington University he was frequently invited to speak about Islam to audiences in Washington DC and to members of Congress and the government Hasan reportedly had deep respect for al Awlaki s teachings 46 Eleven months prior to the shootings in December 2008 federal intelligence officials captured a series of e mail exchanges between Al Awlaki and Hasan During this period al Awlaki was deemed a radical cleric However they determined the e mails were religious and did not contain any elements of militancy nor any concerning subject matter 20 Counter terrorism specialists for the FBI reading the e mails stated they were consistent with authorized research Major Hasan was conducting 47 48 49 The e mails contained general questions about spiritual guidance with regard to conflicts between Islam and military service and officials judged them to be consistent with his legitimate mental health research about Muslims in the American armed services 50 51 52 After the shootings the Yemeni journalist Abdulelah Hider Shaea interviewed al Awlaki in November 2009 about their exchanges and discussed their time with a Washington Post reporter According to Shaea Al Awlaki said he neither ordered nor pressured Hasan to harm Americans 53 Al Awlaki said Hasan first e mailed him on December 17 2008 By way of introduction Hasan said Do you remember me I used to pray with you at the Virginia mosque 53 According to Al Awlaki Hasan said he was Muslim around the time the Imam was preaching at Dar al Hijrah in 2001 and 2002 This coincides with the death of his mother Al Awlaki said Maybe Nidal was affected by one of my lectures He added It was clear from his e mails Nidal trusted me Nidal told me I speak with you about issues I never speak with anyone Al Awlaki said Hasan arrived at his conclusions regarding the acceptability of violence in Islam and said he was not the one to initiate this Shaea summarized their relationship by saying Nidal was providing evidence to Anwar not vice versa 53 In October 2008 Charles Allen US Undersecretary of Homeland Security for Intelligence and Analysis warned al Awlaki targets US Muslims with radical online lectures encouraging terrorist attacks from his new home in Yemen 54 55 Former CIA officer Bruce Riedel says E mailing a known al Qaeda sympathizer should set off alarm bells Even if he was exchanging recipes the bureau should have put out an alert 56 Al Awlaki had a website with a blog to share his views 56 On December 11 2008 he condemned any Muslim who seeks a religious decree that would allow him to serve in the armies of the dis believers and fight against his brothers 56 The NEFA Foundation says on December 23 2008 six days after he said Hasan first e mailed him al Awlaki wrote on his blog The bullets of the fighters of Afghanistan and Iraq are a reflection of the feelings of Muslims toward America 57 An unidentified Muslim officer at Fort Hood said Hasan s eyes lit up while speaking about al Awlaki s teachings 58 Some investigators believe Hasan s contacts with al Awlaki pushed him toward violence at a time he was depressed and stressed 59 Prior to the Fort Hood shooting editInternet activity edit The government agents monitoring Islamic websites believe Hasan using the screenname NidalHasan posted about suicide bombings in May 2009 although during this period government agents did not link the posts to Hasan 44 60 The postings by NidalHasan likened a suicide bomber to a soldier falling on a grenade to save his colleagues to sacrifice for a noble cause 44 60 ABC News reported after the fact anonymous government agents issued a press release claiming they were allegedly aware Hasan attempted to contact Al Qaeda 61 then issued a press release claiming Hasan had more unexplained connections to people tracked by the FBI than just Anwar al Awlaki 62 Hasan s business card left in his apartment describes him as a psychiatrist specializing in Behavioral Health Mental Health Life Skills and contains the acronyms SoA SWT 63 64 65 According to investigators the acronym SoA is used on jihadist websites as an acronym for Soldier of Allah or Servant of Allah SWT is commonly used to mean subhanahu wa ta ala Glory to God 47 66 A review of Hasan s computer and e mail accounts show visits to Internet sites espousing radical Islamist ideas according to a press release from an anonymous government agent 67 Emails to superiors edit Hasan expressed concern about the former actions by some of the soldiers he evaluated as a psychiatrist 68 Days before his attacks on Fort Hood in 2009 Hasan asked his supervisors and Army legal advisers how to handle reports of soldiers deeds in Afghanistan and Iraq that disturbed him 68 Other activity edit Hasan was to be deployed to Afghanistan 69 on November 28 Hasan told a local store owner he was stressed about his imminent deployment to Afghanistan since his work as a psychologist might require him to fight or kill fellow Muslims 70 In a press release from Jeff Sadoski spokesman for U S Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison Hasan was upset about his deployment 71 Hasan gave away furniture from his home on the morning of the shooting saying he was going to be deployed on Friday 72 He also distributed copies of the Quran 73 Kamran Pasha wrote about a Muslim officer at Fort Hood who said he prayed with Hasan on the day of the Fort Hood shooting and Hasan appeared relaxed and not in any way troubled or nervous This officer believed the shootings could possibly be motivated by religious radicalism 20 74 Fort Hood attacks edit nbsp First responders and soldiers transport a fellow soldier wounded in the Fort Hood shootingMain article 2009 Fort Hood shooting On November 5 2009 Hasan reportedly shouted Allahu Akbar 75 76 77 the phrase means God is great 78 79 and opened fire on armed forces in the Soldier Readiness Center of Fort Hood located in Killeen Texas killing thirteen people and wounding over thirty others in the worst shooting against armed forces on an American military base 8 Department of the Army police officer Kimberly D Munley encountered Hasan leaving the building Munley and Hasan exchanged shots before Munley was shot in the leg twice 80 Department of the Army police officer Mark Todd shot Hasan several times 81 82 Todd kicked the pistol out of Hasan s hand then cuffed Hasan 83 The attack lasted about ten minutes 84 Post shooting edit Medical condition edit To save his life Hasan was hospitalized in the intensive care unit at Brooke Army Medical Center at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio Texas 85 86 His condition was described as stable 87 News reports on November 7 2009 indicated he was in a coma 88 On November 9 hospital spokesperson Dewey Mitchell announced Hasan regained consciousness and was able to talk since he was removed from a ventilator on November 7 89 On November 13 Hasan s attorney John Galligan announced Hasan was paralyzed from the waist down from the bullet wounds to his spine and would likely never walk 90 In mid December Galligan indicated Hasan was moved from intensive care to a private hospital room Galligan said doctors said Hasan would need at least two months in the hospital to learn to care for himself 91 Court martial edit On November 7 2009 while Hasan was communicative he refused to talk to law enforcement officials 92 On November 12 and December 2 respectively Hasan was charged with thirteen counts of pre meditated murder and thirty two counts of attempted murder under the Uniform Code of Military Justice thus making him eligible for the death penalty 14 15 93 At the time authorities did not specify if they would seek the death penalty 94 Colonel Michael Mulligan would serve as the Army s lead prosecutor Mulligan was lead prosecutor on the Hasan Akbar case in which a soldier was sentenced to death for the murder of two members of the US military 95 John P Galligan a retired Army JAG colonel represented Hasan 96 On November 21 in a hearing held in Hasan s hospital room a military magistrate ruled there was probable cause Hasan committed the shooting spree at Fort Hood and ordered pre trial confinement until his court martial Hasan remained in intensive care in accordance with the magistrate s dictate 97 On November 23 Galligan said Hasan would likely plead not guilty to the charges against him and may use an insanity defense at his court martial 98 In a press release Army public affairs staff stated doctors would evaluate Hasan by mid January 2010 to determine his competency to stand trial as well as his mental state at the time of the attacks 95 but delayed the exam on request from Galligan until after the Article 32 hearing 99 The Army dictated Hasan speak only in English on the phone or with visitors unless an interpreter was present 100 Hasan was moved from Brooke Army Medical Center to the Bell County Jail in Belton Texas on April 9 2010 101 Fort Hood negotiated a renewable 207 000 contract with Bell County in March to house Hasan for six months 102 In a press release Galligan announced prosecutors would seek the death penalty stating It is the first formal notice but of course it is a virtual given from the start In short the Army has been pursuing death from the git go 103 The prosecutors filed a memo on April 28 2010 stating the aggravating factor necessary for pursuit of the death penalty will be satisfied if Hasan is found guilty of more than one murder 103 The decision to seek the death penalty followed the Article 32 hearing 103 In a September 15 2010 press release Hasan s attorney stated he intended to seek closed court hearings 104 On October 12 2010 Hasan was due to appear for his first broad military hearing into the attack The hearing formally called an Article 32 proceeding akin to a grand jury hearing but open to the public was expected to span six weeks The hearing designed to help the top Army commander at Ft Hood determine whether there was enough evidence to court martial Hasan was scheduled to begin calling witnesses but was delayed by technicality disputes 105 The hearing proceeded on October 14 with witness testimonies from survivors of the attacks 106 On November 15 the military hearing ended after Galligan declined to offer a defense case on the grounds the White House and Defense Department refused to release documents he requested pertaining to an intelligence review of the shootings Neither the defense nor prosecution offered to deliver a closing argument 107 On November 18 Colonel James L Pohl investigating officer for the Article 32 hearing recommended Hasan be court martialed and face the death penalty His recommendation was forwarded to another U S Army colonel at Fort Hood who after filing his report presented his recommendation to the post commander The post commander decided Hasan would face a trial and the death penalty 108 On July 6 2011 the Fort Hood post commander referred the case to a general court martial authorized to consider the death penalty 109 On July 27 2011 Fort Hood Chief Circuit Judge Colonel Gregory Gross set a March 5 2012 trial date Hasan declined to enter any plea and Judge Gross granted a request by Hasan s attorneys to defer the plea Hasan notified Gross he had released John Galligan his civilian attorney during previous court appearances choosing to be represented by three military lawyers 110 On February 2 2012 a military judge delayed the trial until June 12 2012 Lieutenant Colonel Kris Poppe Hasan s lead attorney said the request to delay the trial was purely a matter of necessity of adequate time for pre trial preparation 111 On April 10 2012 Hasan s lawyers requested another continuance to move the trial start date from June to late October to investigate paperwork and evidence and interview witnesses Gross agreed to take the request under advisement Judge Gross denied a defense motion seeking a Defense Initiated Victim Outreach specialist to testify Fort Hood officials said The new program is intended to help the defense respond to the needs of survivors and victims families and possibly change their attitudes if they support the death penalty Gross also denied a defense request to force prosecutors to provide notes from meetings and conversations with President Barack Obama the defense secretary and other government agents after the November 5 2009 attacks Defense attorneys argued they want to determine if anything unlawfully influenced Hasan s chain of command to prosecute him On April 18 2012 Judge Gross granted in part the defense motion for a continuance scheduling the trial for August 20 2012 112 In July 2012 after dictating Hasan shave his beard the judge found Hasan in contempt of court and fined him 113 He was fined once more for retaining his beard and was warned by Judge Colonel Gregory Gross he could be force shaved prior to his court martial 114 On August 15 Hasan was scheduled to enter pleas to the charges brought against him before the beginning of the court martial he would not be allowed to plead guilty for the premeditated murder charges because prosecutors pursued the death penalty 115 The court martial was delayed by Hasan s objections to being shaved against his will and his appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces regarding the matter through his attorneys Hasan said his beard is part of his religious beliefs The prosecutors argued Hasan was simply trying to delay his trial 116 On August 27 the Appeals Court announced the trial could continue but did not rule whether Hasan could be force shaved nor did they set a new date for the start of the trial The Appeals Court rejected attempts by Hasan to receive religious accommodation to grow a beard 117 On September 6 Colonel Gross ruled Hasan be force shaved after he determined the 1993 Religious Freedom Restoration Act did not apply to this case however the force shave will not be enforced until Hasan s appeals are exhausted 118 119 During the September 6 hearing Hasan twice offered to plead guilty however U S Army rules prohibit judges from accepting a guilty plea in a death penalty case 119 Hasan remained incarcerated and in a wheelchair He continued to receive paychecks 120 On June 3 2013 a military judge allowed Hasan to represent himself His attorneys were to remain on the case but only if he asked for their help Jury selection was set to start on June 5 and opening arguments were scheduled to begin on July 1 121 122 On June 14 2013 U S Army Colonel Tara Osborn dictated Hasan could not claim he was defending the Taliban 123 In a press release Hasan justified his actions during the Fort Hood attacks by claiming the US military was at war against Islam 124 During the first day of the trial on August 6 Hasan representing himself admitted he was the attacker during the Fort Hood attacks in 2009 and stated the evidence would show he was the attacker He also told the panel hearing he switched sides and regarded himself as a Mujahideen waging jihad waging war against the US military 125 By August 7 disagreements between Hasan and his stand by defense team led Judge Osborn to suspend the trial Hasan s defense attorneys were concerned Hasan was trying to help prosecutors achieve a death sentence Because the prosecutors sought the death penalty his defense team sought to prevent this 126 On August 8 Judge Osborn ruled Hasan could continue to represent himself during the trial then rejected his stand by defense team s requests they take over Hasan s defense or have their roles reduced The judge also declined the defense lawyers request they be removed from the case On August 9 Hasan allowed two of his three stand by defense lawyers Lieutenant Colonel Christopher Martin and Major Joseph Marcee to seek leave to prepare an appeal arguing the defendant was seeking the death penalty thus undermining their rules of professional conduct 127 128 His third attorney Lieutenant Colonel Kris Poppe remained behind to observe the court proceedings 129 Court proceedings also resumed with the prosecution presenting testimonies from several survivors of the Fort Hood attacks By August 14 more than sixty prosecution witnesses testified and each identified Hasan as the attacker Court proceedings were speedy because Hasan raised few objections and declined to cross examine most witnesses 130 By August 13 prosecutors shifted to presenting forensic evidence with FBI agents present at the crime scene testifying they had so much evidence at the crime scene they ran out of markers This evidence included one hundred forty six cartridge cases and six magazines The New York Times published remarks by Hasan from a mental health report supplied by the defendant s civil attorney John Galligan According to these documents Hasan told mental health professionals he would still be a martyr if he was convicted and executed 131 Hasan acting as his defense lawyer offered to share the report with prosecutors during his court martial However on August 14 Judge Osborn blocked prosecutors from seeing the report 132 On August 19 she also excluded prosecuting evidence relating to Hasan s early radicalization plus evidence which presented the Fort Hood attacks as a copycat based on the actions of Hasan Akbar U S Army soldier sentenced to death 133 On August 20 2013 prosecutors rested their case against Hasan They called nearly ninety witnesses over eleven days with the fast pace of proceedings attributed to Hasan s refusal to cross examine most witnesses Throughout the proceedings he only questioned three witnesses While the defense was scheduled to present his case on Wednesday Hasan indicated he had no plans to call any defense witnesses Earlier he planned to call two defense witnesses one a mitigation expert in capital murder cases and the other a California university professor specializing in philosophy and religion Hasan also formally declined to argue prosecutors failed to prove their case 134 135 Hasan did not call any witnesses or testify in his defense he rested his defense on August 21 2013 136 On August 22 2013 Hasan declined to give a closing argument 137 Verdict and sentencing edit On August 23 2013 the military jury consisting of nine colonels three lieutenant colonels and one major 138 convicted Hasan of all charges making him eligible for the death penalty 139 Those deliberations began on August 26 2013 140 By August 27 the thirteen member panel of jurors heard testimony from twenty four victims and family members of those wounded and killed during the 2009 Fort Hood attacks against American armed forces 141 Throughout the proceedings Hasan declined to speak in his defense or question any of the witnesses He also did not provide any material explaining his decision to not mount a defense throughout the trial and sentencing At the end Hasan acting as his attorney told jurors the defense rested his case Judge Tara Osborn accepted Hasan s decision In his final statement lead prosecutor Colonel Mike Mulligan said Hasan can never be a martyr because he has nothing to give Do not be misled do not be confused do not be fooled He is not giving his life We are taking his life This is not his gift to God it s his debt to society He will not now and will not ever be a martyr 142 The jurors re convened to decide sentencing 143 144 On August 28 2013 the jurors recommended Hasan be sentenced to death 145 The panel also recommended Hasan forfeit his military pay and be dismissed from the Army a separation for officers carrying the same consequences as a dishonorable discharge 146 Due to mandatory appeals and the military s historical reluctance to execute convicts any execution is years away 147 Reaction edit Praise from Islamic extremists edit Some Muslims claimed the events in Islamist terms for political purposes After the Fort Hood attacks Anwar al Awlaki praised Hasan s actions 148 Nidal Hassan sic is a hero He is a man of conscience who could not bear living the contradiction of being a Muslim and serving in an army fighting against his people Any decent Muslim cannot live understanding properly his duties toward his Creator and his fellow Muslims and yet serve as a member of the US armed forces The U S is leading the war against terrorism which in reality is a war against Islam 149 150 Al Awlaki posted this as part of a lengthy Internet message 151 In March 2010 Al Qaeda spokesman Adam Yahiye Gadahn praised Hasan saying although he was not a member of Al Qaeda the Mujahid brother shown us what one righteous Muslim with an assault rifle sic can do for his religion and brothers in faith is a pioneer a trail blazer and a role model and yearns to discharge his duty to Allah and play a part in the defense of Muslims against the savage heartless and bloody Zionist Crusader assault on our religion sacred places and homelands 152 Hours before the attacks CNN posted an interview and video of a New York city organization called Revolution Muslim in which Younes Abdullah Mohammed a Jew converted to Islam spoke outside a New York mosque saying U S armed forces are legitimate targets and Osama bin Laden was their model The evening after the attacks Revolution Muslim posted support for Hasan on their website one of the few American sites to do so In the video RM described American armed forces as slain terrorists in the eternal hellfire 153 Some Muslims condemned the organization 153 154 A November 2009 press release from the Ansar Al Mujahideen Network cited Hasan as a role model They congratulated him for his brave and heroic deed for standing up to the modern Zionist Christian Crusades against Muslims 153 Retrospective analyses edit A military activist Selena Coppa said This man was a mental health professional and was working with other mental health professionals every day and they failed to notice how deeply disturbed someone right in their midst was 155 Hasan s perceived beliefs were also a cause for concern among some of his peers According to an anonymous source Hasan was disciplined for proselytizing about his Muslim faith with patients and colleagues while at Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences USUHS 156 The Telegraph reported an incident in which some attendees felt one of his lectures expected to be of a medical nature became a diatribe against infidels Air Force doctor Val Finnell a former medical school classmate complained to superiors about Hasan s anti American rants said The system is not doing what it s supposed to do He at least should have been confronted about these beliefs told to cease and desist and to shape up or ship out 155 Before revealing the contents of the e mails Jarret Brachman a scholar of terrorism said Hasan s contacts with al Awlaki raised huge red flags According to Brachman al Awlaki is a major influence internationally on English speaking jihadists 157 The Dallas Morning News reported on November 17 ABC News citing anonymous sources reported Law Enforcement Officials suspect the attacks were triggered by the refusal of Hasan s superiors to process his requests seeking to have some of his patients prosecuted for war crimes based on statements they made during psychiatric sessions with him Dallas attorney Patrick McLain a former Marine opined Hasan was lawfully justified in sharing privileged information from his patients but it was impossible to be sure without knowing that information Some fellow psychiatrists complained to superiors Hasan s requests violated physician patient privilege 158 Shortly after the attacks General George Casey Chief of Staff of the Army said the real tragedy would be harming the cause of diversity saying As great a tragedy as this was it would be a shame if our diversity became a casualty as well 159 Several months later in a February 2010 interview Casey said Our diversity not only in our Army but in our country is a strength And as horrific as this tragedy was if our diversity becomes a casualty I think that s worse 160 FBI Director Robert Mueller appointed William Webster a former director of the FBI to conduct an independent review of the bureau s handling of investigations related to Hasan and whether they missed indicators of an attack Webster was selected for the job due to as Mueller stated being uniquely qualified for such a review 161 and the Webster Commission s press release includes several recommendations including written policies to clarify the ownership of leads integration of databases and acquiring search capabilities for all relevant databases based on computational analysis of textual data to replace simple keyword searches 162 Media analysis and political statements edit On the November 9 2009 Fox News Sunday show U S Senator Joe Lieberman called for a probe by his Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs In his press release Lieberman said if the reports we re receiving of various statements he made acts he took are valid he turned to Islamist extremism if that is true the murder of these thirteen people was a terrorist act I think it s very important to let the Army and the FBI go forward with this investigation before we reach any conclusions 163 164 The November 23 cover of the European and U S editions of Time magazine featured a photograph of Hasan with the title Terrorist over his eyes 165 Nancy Gibbs reported the cover story Hasan matched the classic model of the lone strange crazy killer the quiet and gentle man who formed few close human attachments 166 She noted Hasan s motives were mixed enough everyone with an agenda could find markers in the trail he left 166 Bruce Hoffman a terrorism scholar and Georgetown University professor told Gibbs I used to argue it was only terrorism if it were part of some identifiable organized conspiracy the nature of terrorism is changing and Major Hasan may be an example of that 166 The Christian Science Monitor also questioned whether Hasan was a terrorist 167 On November 14 The New York Times stated Major Hasan may be the latest example of an increasingly common type of terrorist self radicalized with the help of the Internet and wreaks havoc without support from overseas networks and without having to cross a border to reach his target 168 Prison life editFollowing his conviction and sentencing Nidal Hasan was incarcerated at the United States Disciplinary Barracks at Fort Leavenworth in Kansas to await execution According to Chris Haug Fort Hood s Chief of Media Relations Hasan was stripped of his rank and dismissed from the U S Army 13 Hasan would only be referred to as Inmate Nidal Hasan going forward 13 On September 5 2013 prison staff force shaved Hasan Fort Leavenworth authorities justified their decision by citing Hasan would be subject to Army regulations although he was dismissed from the Army and forfeited all pay and allowances Despite Army regulations banning personnel from facial hair Hasan stopped shaving following the Fort Hood attacks in 2009 by citing his religious beliefs 169 170 Although no new photos of Hasan are released since his incarceration military authorities confirmed a video recording of the force shaving exists per military regulations In response John Galligan Hasan s former civilian lawyer planned to sue the military for violating his religious beliefs Galligan argued a military council in 2012 allowed Hasan to keep his beard for the duration of the trial and dismissed the Army s actions as vindictive 171 On August 28 2014 Hasan s attorney said Hasan wrote to Abu Bakr al Baghdadi then head of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ISIL In the letter Hasan requested to be made a citizen of the Islamic State and included his signature and the abbreviation SoA Soldier of Allah 172 173 In popular culture edit The Israeli singer Eric Berman in his album Oh Pathetic Ridiculous Heart composed the song Not A Simple Story following the background of the attacks The song describes Hasan s biography and his deterioration leading him to attack 174 175 176 See also editPortals nbsp Biography nbsp Texas Capital punishment by the United States military Jihobbyist List of mass shootings in the United StatesReferences edit Hasan testified at his court martial that he had switched sides and regarded himself as a Mujahideen waging jihad against the United States Allen Nick August 6 2013 I am the shooter US army major Nidal Hasan declares as he faces court martial over Fort Hood massacre The Daily Telegraph London The Telegraph UK Archived from the original on June 22 2015 Retrieved March 24 2015 James C McKinley Jr James Dao November 8 2009 Fort Hood Gunman Gave Signals Before His Rampage The New York Times New York Archived from the original on November 2 2015 Retrieved February 25 2017 a b McKinley James C Jr Dao James November 8 2009 Fort Hood Gunman Gave Signals Before His Rampage The New York Times Archived from the original on June 5 2011 Retrieved November 9 2009 Rubin Josh August 6 2013 I am the shooter Nidal Hasan tells Fort Hood court martial CNN Archived from the original on September 28 2017 Retrieved August 7 2013 Army releases May officer promotions Military Times April 22 2009 Retrieved November 5 2009 Jeff Brady November 11 2009 Portrait Emerges Of Hasan As Troubled Man National Public Radio Archived from the original on March 15 2016 Retrieved March 15 2016 a b Maj Nidal M Hasan s Official Military Record Newsweek November 6 2009 Archived from the original on December 19 2013 Retrieved December 18 2013 a b Lawmakers briefing causes confusion on wounded Seattle Times Associated Press November 6 2009 Archived from the original on December 20 2013 Jervis Rick Stanglin Doug August 23 2013 Nidal Hasan found guilty in Fort Hood killings USA Today Archived from the original on August 26 2013 Retrieved August 23 2013 John Pike A Ticking Time Bomb Counterterrorism Lessons From The U S Government S Failure To Prevent The Fort Hood Attack Globalsecurity org Archived from the original on May 26 2012 Retrieved March 16 2012 Heather Somerville February 3 2011 Opinion Fort Hood attack Did Army ignore red flags out of political correctness Christian Science Monitor Csmonitor com Archived from the original on March 21 2012 Retrieved March 16 2012 Myers Dee Dee November 11 2009 Is Nidal Hasan a Terrorist or Not Vanity Fair Archived from the original on June 14 2011 Retrieved March 16 2012 a b c Janda Greg September 5 2013 Fort Hood shooter Nidal Hasan dishonorably discharged no longer major NBCDFW com Archived from the original on September 9 2013 Retrieved September 6 2013 a b McKinley James Jr November 12 2009 Suspect in Fort Hood Attack Is Charged on 13 Murder Counts The New York Times Archived from the original on February 28 2017 Retrieved February 25 2017 a b Army adds charges against rampage suspect NBC News December 2 2009 Archived from the original on March 20 2022 Retrieved December 3 2009 Friedman Emily Richard Esposito Ethan Nelson Desiree Adib Ammu Kannampilly November 6 2009 Army Doctor Nidal Malik Hasan Allegedly Kills 13 at Fort Hood ABC News Archived from the original on May 30 2014 Retrieved November 6 2009 a b c d Dao James November 5 2009 Suspect Was Mortified About Deployment The New York Times Archived from the original on May 1 2011 Retrieved November 7 2009 a b c Casselman Ben Zimmerman Ann Bustillo Miguel November 6 2009 A Helper With Worries of His Own The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on June 12 2020 Retrieved November 6 2009 Profile Major Nidal Malik Hasan BBC November 12 2009 Archived from the original on January 19 2019 Retrieved April 19 2010 a b c d e f Bennett Kitty Times Sarah Wheaton The New York The Life and Career of Major Hasan www nytimes com Archived from the original on November 18 2016 Retrieved July 15 2020 Maj Nidal M Hasan The Washington Post November 7 2009 Archived from the original on November 10 2009 Retrieved March 23 2010 a b Hammack Laurence Amanda Codispoti Tonia Moxley November 7 2009 Fort Hood shooting suspect Hasan left few impressions in schools he attended The Roanoke Times Archived from the original on April 13 2013 Retrieved April 2 2013 a b c d Blackledge Brett J November 6 2009 Who is Maj Nidal Malik Hasan Fox News Archived from the original on September 6 2013 Retrieved April 2 2013 Mount Mike Military review Troubling signals from Fort Hood suspect missed CNN Archived from the original on March 25 2021 Retrieved September 26 2020 a b Mckinley James C DAO James November 8 2009 Fort Hood Gunman Gave Signals Before His Rampage The New York 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the original on January 18 2010 Retrieved March 23 2010 a b Jakes Lara November 5 2009 AP sources Authorities had concerns about suspect Associated Press Archived from the original on November 9 2009 Retrieved April 2 2013 Esposito Richard Cole Matthew and Ross Brian Officials U S Army Told of Hasan s Contacts with al Qaeda Army Major in Fort Hood Massacre Used Electronic Means to Connect with Terrorists ABC News November 9 2009 accessed November 10 2009 ABCnews go Archived from the original on February 14 2010 Retrieved March 23 2010 Martha Raddatz Brian ross Mary Rose Abraham Rehab El Buri Senior Official More Hasan Ties to People Under Investigation by FBI Archived September 18 2020 at the Wayback Machine November 10 2009 Inside the Apartment of Nidal Hasan Business Card Time Magazine accessed November 21 2009 Time November 11 2009 Archived from the original on November 15 2009 Retrieved March 23 2010 Hasan Called Himself Soldier of Allah on Business Cards Foxnews com November 12 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Portrait of a terrorist Archived November 13 2009 at the Wayback Machine Christian Science Monitor November 9 2009 Scott Shane amp Dao James November 14 2009 Investigators Study Tangle of Clues on Fort Hood Suspect The New York Times Archived from the original on January 8 2015 Retrieved November 22 2009 Nidal Hasan s beard shaved off by force The Guardian September 4 2013 Archived from the original on September 5 2013 Retrieved September 6 2013 Shaughnessy Larry September 5 2013 Nidal Hasan s beard shaved off at Fort Leavenworth Prison CNN Archived from the original on September 6 2013 Retrieved September 6 2013 Zaimov Stoyan September 5 2013 Military forcefully shaves Nidal Hasan s beard Lawyer to sue The Christian Post Archived from the original on October 2 2013 Retrieved September 6 2013 Carter Chelsea August 29 2014 Fort Hood shooter writes to ISIS leader asks to become citizen of Islamic State CNN Archived from the original on August 29 2014 Retrieved August 29 2014 Herridge Catherine August 28 2014 Fort Hood shooter says he wants to become citizen of Islamic State caliphate Fox News Archived from the original on August 29 2014 Retrieved August 29 2014 בכורה אריק ברמן רס ן נידאל חסן וואלה תרבות March 22 2011 אריק ברמן רב סרן נידל חסן לא סיפור פשוט YouTube Eric Berman אריק ברמן Rav Seren Nidal Hassan Lo Sipur Pashut רב סרן נידל חסן לא סיפור פשוט Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nidal Hasan amp oldid 1215838618, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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