His autobiographical notes and correspondence throw light on his life. After having studied at the Chapter School of Várad (now Oradea, Romania) from 1505 to 1512, he became a page at the court of Ladislaus II, but shortly afterwards chose an ecclesiastical career, and was ordained a priest in 1516 or 1518.
In 1527 he was appointed Custos or head of the Chapter of Székesfehérvár, and accompanied the queen-dowager in 1530 to the Imperial Diet at Augsburg. When in 1531 she became Governor of the Netherlands, he went with her to what is today Belgium, where he remained (with a brief interruption in 1539) until his return to Hungary in 1542. In the following year he was made Royal Chancellor and Bishop of Agram (Zagreb) by King Ferdinand.
In 1548 he became Bishop of Eger, and in 1553 Archbishop of Esztergom. As such, he crowned Maximilian King of Hungary, and performed the solemn obsequies (1563) over Ferdinand I. As Archbishop of Esztergom, Olahus' first care was to put order into the finances and property of the archdiocese. He enforced yet again the Jus Piseti, i.e. the right of supervision over the mint at Körmöcbánya (present-day Kremnica, Slovakia), for which surveillance the archdiocese enjoyed a large revenue. At his own expense, he redeemed the hypothecatedprovostship of Turóc (present-day Turiec, Slovakia), also the encumbered possessions of the Diocese of Nyitra (present-day Nitra, Slovakia). As Archbishop of Esztergom, Olahus exercised a supervision over the Diocese of Eger, and (with the consent of the Holy See) administered the Archdiocese of Kalocsa, vacant for 20 years. After the capture of Esztergom by the Ottomans, the new archiepiscopal residence was moved to either Nagyszombat or Pozsony.
Activities
Olahus was particularly active in the Counter-Reformation; even before his elevation to the Archbishopric of Esztergom, he had been a very zealous opponent of the new Protestant teachings. As Primate of Hungary he threw himself with renewed energy into the great conflict, aiming especially at the purity of Catholic Faith, the restoration of ecclesiastical discipline, the reformation of the clergy, and the establishment of new schools. The mountain cities of Upper Hungary, in which the doctrines of the Reformation had made considerable progress, attracted his particular attention.
He organized a visitation of the archdiocese, which he in great part conducted in person, besides convoking, with a similar intention, a number of diocesan synods. The first of these synods was held in 1560 at Nagyszombat; during its closing session he promulgated a code of dogmatic and moral instructions, intended for the clergy, published during that and the following year. In 1561 a provincial synod was held, likewise at Nagyszombat, to discuss the participation of the bishops of Hungary in the Council of Trent, which had just re-convened. While it is not certain whether Olahus took part in the Council, or if he promulgated in Hungary its decrees of 1562 and 1564, it is known that he followed its deliberations with close attention and put in practice some of its decisions.
In 1563 Olahus submitted to the council a lengthy memorial, in which he urged the importance of dealing with the critical situation of the Hungarian Church and describing in strong language the efforts he had made to overcome the demoralization that had seized on the clergy. It was particularly through school reform and the proper instruction of youth that he hoped to offset the progress of the Reformation. He restored the Cathedral school at Esztergom, which had fallen into decay when the city had been captured by the Turks; he transferred it, however, to his archiepiscopal city of Nagyszombat and confided it to the Jesuits, whom he invited to Hungary in 1561, and who, through their preaching and spiritual ministry, profoundly influenced the religious life of the nation.
Among the publications initiated by Olahus were the Breviarium Ecclesiæ Strigoniensis (1558), and the Ordo et Ritus Ecclesiæ Strigoniensis (1560). The revival of the custom of ringing the Angelus was due to him. As chancellor and confidant of Ferdinand I, Olahus possessed much political influence, which he exercised in the special interest of the Catholic religion. In 1562 he acted as Regent. He was a diligent writer.
Writings
Hungaria et Atila, sive De originibus gentis, regni Hungariae situ, habitu, opportunitatibus et rebus bello paceque ab Atila gestis libri duo/ Nicolai Olahi
Nicolai Olahi metropolitae Strigoniensis Hungaria et Attila sive de originibus gentis regni Hungariae [...] emondato coniumctim editi. Edited, annotated and republished by Adam F. Kollár. Vienna: 1763
Markó, László: A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig – Életrajzi Lexikon (The High Officers of the Hungarian State from Saint Stephen to the Present Days – A Biographical Encyclopedia) (2nd edition); Helikon Kiadó Kft., 2006, Budapest; ISBN963-547-085-1
nicolaus, olahus, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, july, 201. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Nicolaus Olahus news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message Nicolaus Olahus Latin for Nicholas the Vlach Hungarian Olah Miklos Romanian Nicolae Valahul 10 January 1493 15 January 1568 was the Archbishop of Esztergom Primate of Hungary and a distinguished Catholic prelate humanist and historiographer His ExcellencyNicolaus OlahusArchbishop of EsztergomPrimate of HungarySeeEsztergomAppointed20 March 1553Term ended14 January 1568PredecessorGeorge MartinuzziSuccessorAntonio VeranzioOther post s Bishop of EgerPersonal detailsBorn10 January 1493Nagyszeben Kingdom of Hungary now Sibiu Romania Died14 January 1568 1568 01 14 aged 75 Pozsony Kingdom of Hungary now Bratislava Slovakia ParentsStephanus OlahusBarbara HuszarSignatureCoat of arms Contents 1 Early life 2 High office 3 Activities 4 Writings 5 See also 6 References 7 Sources 8 Further reading 9 External linksEarly life EditHis father Stephen Romanian Ștefan a nephew of John Hunyadi Voivode of Transylvania was of Romanian descent from his father s side his mother was Barbara Hungarian Borbala Huszar 1 His autobiographical notes and correspondence throw light on his life After having studied at the Chapter School of Varad now Oradea Romania from 1505 to 1512 he became a page at the court of Ladislaus II but shortly afterwards chose an ecclesiastical career and was ordained a priest in 1516 or 1518 While acting as secretary to George Szatmari Bishop of Pecs 2 3 he was appointed a canon of that chapter later of Esztergom and 1522 became Archdeacon of Komarom In 1526 he was made secretary to King Louis II but was transferred to the service of Mary of Habsburg After the battle of Mohacs Olahus attached himself to the party of King Ferdinand I but retained his position with the queen dowager 4 High office EditIn 1527 he was appointed Custos or head of the Chapter of Szekesfehervar and accompanied the queen dowager in 1530 to the Imperial Diet at Augsburg When in 1531 she became Governor of the Netherlands he went with her to what is today Belgium where he remained with a brief interruption in 1539 until his return to Hungary in 1542 In the following year he was made Royal Chancellor and Bishop of Agram Zagreb by King Ferdinand In 1548 he became Bishop of Eger and in 1553 Archbishop of Esztergom As such he crowned Maximilian King of Hungary and performed the solemn obsequies 1563 over Ferdinand I As Archbishop of Esztergom Olahus first care was to put order into the finances and property of the archdiocese He enforced yet again the Jus Piseti i e the right of supervision over the mint at Kormocbanya present day Kremnica Slovakia for which surveillance the archdiocese enjoyed a large revenue At his own expense he redeemed the hypothecated provostship of Turoc present day Turiec Slovakia also the encumbered possessions of the Diocese of Nyitra present day Nitra Slovakia As Archbishop of Esztergom Olahus exercised a supervision over the Diocese of Eger and with the consent of the Holy See administered the Archdiocese of Kalocsa vacant for 20 years After the capture of Esztergom by the Ottomans the new archiepiscopal residence was moved to either Nagyszombat or Pozsony Activities EditOlahus was particularly active in the Counter Reformation even before his elevation to the Archbishopric of Esztergom he had been a very zealous opponent of the new Protestant teachings As Primate of Hungary he threw himself with renewed energy into the great conflict aiming especially at the purity of Catholic Faith the restoration of ecclesiastical discipline the reformation of the clergy and the establishment of new schools The mountain cities of Upper Hungary in which the doctrines of the Reformation had made considerable progress attracted his particular attention He organized a visitation of the archdiocese which he in great part conducted in person besides convoking with a similar intention a number of diocesan synods The first of these synods was held in 1560 at Nagyszombat during its closing session he promulgated a code of dogmatic and moral instructions intended for the clergy published during that and the following year In 1561 a provincial synod was held likewise at Nagyszombat to discuss the participation of the bishops of Hungary in the Council of Trent which had just re convened While it is not certain whether Olahus took part in the Council or if he promulgated in Hungary its decrees of 1562 and 1564 it is known that he followed its deliberations with close attention and put in practice some of its decisions In 1563 Olahus submitted to the council a lengthy memorial in which he urged the importance of dealing with the critical situation of the Hungarian Church and describing in strong language the efforts he had made to overcome the demoralization that had seized on the clergy It was particularly through school reform and the proper instruction of youth that he hoped to offset the progress of the Reformation He restored the Cathedral school at Esztergom which had fallen into decay when the city had been captured by the Turks he transferred it however to his archiepiscopal city of Nagyszombat and confided it to the Jesuits whom he invited to Hungary in 1561 and who through their preaching and spiritual ministry profoundly influenced the religious life of the nation Among the publications initiated by Olahus were the Breviarium Ecclesiae Strigoniensis 1558 and the Ordo et Ritus Ecclesiae Strigoniensis 1560 The revival of the custom of ringing the Angelus was due to him As chancellor and confidant of Ferdinand I Olahus possessed much political influence which he exercised in the special interest of the Catholic religion In 1562 he acted as Regent He was a diligent writer Writings EditHungaria et Atila sive De originibus gentis regni Hungariae situ habitu opportunitatibus et rebus bello paceque ab Atila gestis libri duo Nicolai Olahi Nicolai Olahi metropolitae Strigoniensis Hungaria et Attila sive de originibus gentis regni Hungariae emondato coniumctim editi Edited annotated and republished by Adam F Kollar Vienna 1763 Genesis filiorum Regis Ferdinandi Ephemerides Brevis descriptio vitae Benedicti ZerchskySee also EditMelchior CibinensisReferences Edit Marko 2006 p 243 Marko 2006 p 328 Jacqueline Glomski Patronage and Humanist Literature in the Age of the Jagiellons University of Toronto Press 2007 p 92 http en wikisource org wiki Catholic Encyclopedia 1913 Nicolaus Ol C3 A1h Catholic Encyclopedia 1913 Sources EditMarko Laszlo A magyar allam fomeltosagai Szent Istvantol napjainkig Eletrajzi Lexikon The High Officers of the Hungarian State from Saint Stephen to the Present Days A Biographical Encyclopedia 2nd edition Helikon Kiado Kft 2006 Budapest ISBN 963 547 085 1Further reading EditOlah Miklos Athila Osiris Kiado Budapest 2000External links EditLife of Nicolaus Olahus in Romanian Herbermann Charles ed 1913 Nicolaus Olah Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company Catholic Church titlesPreceded bySimon Erdody Bishop of Zagreb1543 1547 Succeeded byFarkas GyulayPreceded byGeorge Martinuzzi Archbishop of Esztergom20 March 1553 14 January 1568 Succeeded byAntonio Veranzio Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nicolaus Olahus amp oldid 1145176941, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
