The New Fourth Army Incident (Chinese: 新四軍事件), also known as the South Anhui Incident (Chinese: 皖南事變), occurred in China in January 1941 during the Second Sino-Japanese War, during which the Chinese Civil War was in theory suspended, uniting the Communists and Nationalists against the Japanese. It is significant as the end of real cooperation between the Nationalists and Communists. Today, ROC and PRC historians view the New Fourth Army Incident differently. From the ROC point of view, the Communists attacked first and it was a punishment for the Communist insubordination; from the PRC view, it was Nationalist treachery.[1][2]
In the fall of 1940, the Communist New Fourth Army attacked Nationalist forces under Han Deqin. Also, Benton's book New Fourth Army argues the Communists first attacked the Nationalists and the Nationalists fought back against the Communists. [2]
PRC viewpointedit
For PRC historians the incident began in December 1940, when Chiang Kai-shek ordered Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army to withdraw from Anhui and Jiangsu to the north of the old Yellow River track in a month. In response, the Communist Party only agreed to move the New Fourth Army troops in Southern Anhui (Wannan) to the northern shore of the Yangtze River. On 4 January, the 9000-strong force started to move from Yunling Township in Jing County towards Jiangsu, planning to cross the river along three routes.[3]
Ambushedit
On January 5, the Communist forces were surrounded in Maolin Township by a Nationalist force of 80,000 led by Shangguan Yunxiang and attacked days later. After days of fighting, heavy losses – including many civilian workers who staffed the army's political headquarters – were inflicted on the New Fourth Army due to the overwhelming numbers of Nationalist troops. On January 13, Ye Ting, wanting to save his men, went to Shangguan Yunxiang's headquarters to negotiate terms. Upon arrival, Ye was detained. The New Fourth Army's political commissar Xiang Ying was killed, and only 2,000 people, led by Huang Huoxing and Fu Qiutao, were able to break out.
Aftermathedit
Chiang Kai-shek ordered the New Fourth Army disbanded on January 17, and sent Ye Ting to a military tribunal. However, on January 20, the Chinese Communist Party in Yan'an ordered the reorganization of the army. Chen Yi was the new army commander. Liu Shaoqi was the political commissar. The new headquarters was in Jiangsu, which was now the general headquarters for the New Fourth Army and the Eighth Route Army. Together, they comprised seven divisions and one independent brigade, totalling over 90,000 troops.
Because of this incident, according to the Chinese Communist Party, the Nationalist Party of China was criticized for creating internal strife when the Chinese were supposed to be united against the Japanese; the Chinese Communist Party, on the other hand, was seen as heroes at the vanguard of the fight against the Japanese and Nationalist treachery. Although as a result of this incident, the Communist Party lost possession of the lands south of Yangtze River, it drew the party support from the population, which strengthened their foundations north of Yangtze River.
According to the Nationalist Party, this incident was retribution to numerous occasions of treachery and harassment by the New Fourth Army.
The novelist Mao Dun's story Fushi is about this incident.
Notesedit
^Lai, Sherman Xiaogang (1 January 2013). "A War Within a War: The Road to the New Fourth Army Incident in January 1941". Journal of Chinese Military History. Brill. 2 (1): 1–27. doi:10.1163/22127453-12341249. ISSN 2212-7453. S2CID 159863211.
^ abBenton, Gregor (August 1986). "The South Anhui Incident". The Journal of Asian Studies. Cambridge University Press. 45 (4): 681–720. doi:10.2307/2056083. JSTOR 2056083. S2CID 163141212. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
^Lie-shu, Fang (2009). "Who should be responsible for the severe loss of the South-Anhui troop of the New Fourth Army". Historical Research in Anhui.
Further readingedit
Benton, Gregor. New Fourth Army: Communist Resistance along the Yangtze and the Huai, 1938–1941. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. 949 pages. ISBN0-520-21992-9
This articles uses the translation of the corresponding Chinese-language article, retrieved on August 24, 2006.
December 15, 2023
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The New Fourth Army Incident Chinese 新四軍事件 also known as the South Anhui Incident Chinese 皖南事變 occurred in China in January 1941 during the Second Sino Japanese War during which the Chinese Civil War was in theory suspended uniting the Communists and Nationalists against the Japanese It is significant as the end of real cooperation between the Nationalists and Communists Today ROC and PRC historians view the New Fourth Army Incident differently From the ROC point of view the Communists attacked first and it was a punishment for the Communist insubordination from the PRC view it was Nationalist treachery 1 2 New Fourth Army IncidentPart of the Second Sino Japanese War and the Chinese Civil WarDate 1941 01 07 1941 01 13 January 7 13 1941 6 days LocationMaolin Jing County Anhui ProvinceResultNationalist tactical victory Communist propaganda victoryBelligerentsRepublic of China KMTRepublic of China CCPCommanders and leadersGu Zhutong Shangguan Yunxiang Huang BaitaoYe Ting POW Xiang Ying Yuan Guoping Units involved3rd Military Region 32nd Army GroupNew 4th ArmyStrength80 0009 000Casualties and lossesminimal7 000 dead captured or missing Contents 1 Causes 1 1 ROC viewpoint 1 2 PRC viewpoint 2 Ambush 3 Aftermath 4 Notes 5 Further readingCauses editROC viewpoint edit In the fall of 1940 the Communist New Fourth Army attacked Nationalist forces under Han Deqin Also Benton s book New Fourth Army argues the Communists first attacked the Nationalists and the Nationalists fought back against the Communists 2 PRC viewpoint edit For PRC historians the incident began in December 1940 when Chiang Kai shek ordered Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army to withdraw from Anhui and Jiangsu to the north of the old Yellow River track in a month In response the Communist Party only agreed to move the New Fourth Army troops in Southern Anhui Wannan to the northern shore of the Yangtze River On 4 January the 9000 strong force started to move from Yunling Township in Jing County towards Jiangsu planning to cross the river along three routes 3 Ambush editOn January 5 the Communist forces were surrounded in Maolin Township by a Nationalist force of 80 000 led by Shangguan Yunxiang and attacked days later After days of fighting heavy losses including many civilian workers who staffed the army s political headquarters were inflicted on the New Fourth Army due to the overwhelming numbers of Nationalist troops On January 13 Ye Ting wanting to save his men went to Shangguan Yunxiang s headquarters to negotiate terms Upon arrival Ye was detained The New Fourth Army s political commissar Xiang Ying was killed and only 2 000 people led by Huang Huoxing and Fu Qiutao were able to break out Aftermath editChiang Kai shek ordered the New Fourth Army disbanded on January 17 and sent Ye Ting to a military tribunal However on January 20 the Chinese Communist Party in Yan an ordered the reorganization of the army Chen Yi was the new army commander Liu Shaoqi was the political commissar The new headquarters was in Jiangsu which was now the general headquarters for the New Fourth Army and the Eighth Route Army Together they comprised seven divisions and one independent brigade totalling over 90 000 troops Because of this incident according to the Chinese Communist Party the Nationalist Party of China was criticized for creating internal strife when the Chinese were supposed to be united against the Japanese the Chinese Communist Party on the other hand was seen as heroes at the vanguard of the fight against the Japanese and Nationalist treachery Although as a result of this incident the Communist Party lost possession of the lands south of Yangtze River it drew the party support from the population which strengthened their foundations north of Yangtze River According to the Nationalist Party this incident was retribution to numerous occasions of treachery and harassment by the New Fourth Army The novelist Mao Dun s story Fushi is about this incident Notes edit Lai Sherman Xiaogang 1 January 2013 A War Within a War The Road to the New Fourth Army Incident in January 1941 Journal of Chinese Military History Brill 2 1 1 27 doi 10 1163 22127453 12341249 ISSN 2212 7453 S2CID 159863211 a b Benton Gregor August 1986 The South Anhui Incident The Journal of Asian Studies Cambridge University Press 45 4 681 720 doi 10 2307 2056083 JSTOR 2056083 S2CID 163141212 Retrieved 25 May 2022 Lie shu Fang 2009 Who should be responsible for the severe loss of the South Anhui troop of the New Fourth Army Historical Research in Anhui Further reading editBenton Gregor New Fourth Army Communist Resistance along the Yangtze and the Huai 1938 1941 Berkeley University of California Press 1999 949 pages ISBN 0 520 21992 9 This articles uses the translation of the corresponding Chinese language article retrieved on August 24 2006 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title New Fourth Army incident amp oldid 1163410992, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
