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Initially a labor organizer, he joined the Party in Wuhan in 1921.[1] He continued to work in labour actions and helped lead the famous Bejing-Hankou railway workers' strike in February 1923.[2] He went on to serve in the Communist Party of China political and military leadership during the civil war between the Nationalists (Kuomintang) and the Communists. He held high office during the CCP's Jiangxi Soviet period (1931–1934).
In October 1934, at the beginning of the Long March, Xiang stayed behind to fight a rearguard action that would allow the marchers to get out of the ring of surrounding Nationalist forces. The marchers, with Mao Zedong as their leader, went on to Yan'an, while Xiang remained in the Jiangxi region, coordinating guerrilla operations to harass Nationalist forces.
When the Japanese invaded in July 1937, a united front (the Second United Front) was declared between Nationalists and Communists, and Xiang's guerrillas became the nucleus of a legitimate fighting force: the New Fourth Army. This army operated behind Japanese lines, and was subject to orders coming from both the Communist leadership in Yan'an, and the Nationalist leadership, which had moved inland from Nanjing to Chongqing.
Xiang and Mao had a relationship based on mistrust and conflict; Xiang was considered the military officer Mao trusted the least.[3] In the spring of 1939, Xiang ordered the secretary of the New Fourth Army Headquarters, Yang Fan, to investigate the activities of Jiang Qing, Mao's fiancee, better known as Madame Mao, when she had been an actress in Shanghai. The report by Yang, which was signed by Xiang, was cabled to Yan'an and explicitly stated that Mao should not marry Jiang Qing.[4]
Contradictory orders from these groups led to confusion, and eventually the New Fourth Army incident, in which Xiang was killed in an assault on the army by the Nationalist forces in March 1941. He was killed by a member of his own staff, Liu Houzong for the gold resources of the New Fourth Army. Xiang had carried the gold on his own person in the aftermath of the incident. After Liu killed Xiang and two other officers, he absconded with the gold and surrendered to the Nationalists, who promptly accepted the gold and jailed him. He was later freed, and spent the rest of his life working at a salt shop in Xinyu under an assumed identity. In 1952, Liu was identified by Huang Yifan, deputy director of the Xinyu County Public Security Bureau and former guard in the New Fourth Army. Liu was quickly arrested, and executed for treason in August the same year.
The incident was a result of either mistrust or disobedience, or both, between the two parties that would lead to the resumption of full-scale civil war once the Japanese began a full retreat out of China's interior in the summer of 1945, prior to their surrender later that year. Some historians have argued that Xiang was the victim of the indecision of Mao Zedong. Mao's supporters argued that Xiang's misunderstanding of the potential threats posed by the Nationalists, along with his own ambitions, led to his demise.
^Benton, Gregor (1999). New Fourth Army: Communist Resistance Along the Yangtze and the Huai, 1938-1941. University of California Press. pp. 645–695. ISBN978-0-520-21992-2.
Gao, Hua (2018-11-15). How the Red Sun Rose: The Origin and Development of the Yan'an Rectification Movement, 1930–1945. The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press. ISBN978-962-996-822-9.
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April 14, 2024
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Chinese March 2023 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Chinese Wikipedia article at zh 项英 see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated zh 项英 to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Xiang Ying simplified Chinese 项英 traditional Chinese 項英 pinyin Xiang Ying Wade Giles Hsiang Ying 1895 1941 was a war time Chinese communist leader and an early founding member of the Chinese Communist Party who reached the rank of political chief of staff of the New Fourth Army during World War II until his assassination by a member of his staff in 1941 during the Sino Japanese War Xiang YingNative name项英Bornc 1895Wuchang Hubei Qing ChinaDied1941 aged 45 46 Maolin Jing County Anhui ProvinceBuriedNanjingAllegianceChinese Red Army Jiangxi SovietService wbr branchNew Fourth ArmyBattles warsChinese Civil War Second Sino Japanese War Contents 1 Biography 2 References 2 1 Sources 3 External linksBiography editInitially a labor organizer he joined the Party in Wuhan in 1921 1 He continued to work in labour actions and helped lead the famous Bejing Hankou railway workers strike in February 1923 2 He went on to serve in the Communist Party of China political and military leadership during the civil war between the Nationalists Kuomintang and the Communists He held high office during the CCP s Jiangxi Soviet period 1931 1934 In October 1934 at the beginning of the Long March Xiang stayed behind to fight a rearguard action that would allow the marchers to get out of the ring of surrounding Nationalist forces The marchers with Mao Zedong as their leader went on to Yan an while Xiang remained in the Jiangxi region coordinating guerrilla operations to harass Nationalist forces When the Japanese invaded in July 1937 a united front the Second United Front was declared between Nationalists and Communists and Xiang s guerrillas became the nucleus of a legitimate fighting force the New Fourth Army This army operated behind Japanese lines and was subject to orders coming from both the Communist leadership in Yan an and the Nationalist leadership which had moved inland from Nanjing to Chongqing Xiang and Mao had a relationship based on mistrust and conflict Xiang was considered the military officer Mao trusted the least 3 In the spring of 1939 Xiang ordered the secretary of the New Fourth Army Headquarters Yang Fan to investigate the activities of Jiang Qing Mao s fiancee better known as Madame Mao when she had been an actress in Shanghai The report by Yang which was signed by Xiang was cabled to Yan an and explicitly stated that Mao should not marry Jiang Qing 4 Contradictory orders from these groups led to confusion and eventually the New Fourth Army incident in which Xiang was killed in an assault on the army by the Nationalist forces in March 1941 He was killed by a member of his own staff Liu Houzong for the gold resources of the New Fourth Army Xiang had carried the gold on his own person in the aftermath of the incident After Liu killed Xiang and two other officers he absconded with the gold and surrendered to the Nationalists who promptly accepted the gold and jailed him He was later freed and spent the rest of his life working at a salt shop in Xinyu under an assumed identity In 1952 Liu was identified by Huang Yifan deputy director of the Xinyu County Public Security Bureau and former guard in the New Fourth Army Liu was quickly arrested and executed for treason in August the same year The incident was a result of either mistrust or disobedience or both between the two parties that would lead to the resumption of full scale civil war once the Japanese began a full retreat out of China s interior in the summer of 1945 prior to their surrender later that year Some historians have argued that Xiang was the victim of the indecision of Mao Zedong Mao s supporters argued that Xiang s misunderstanding of the potential threats posed by the Nationalists along with his own ambitions led to his demise References edit Gao 2018 p 21 Benton Gregor 1999 New Fourth Army Communist Resistance Along the Yangtze and the Huai 1938 1941 University of California Press pp 645 695 ISBN 978 0 520 21992 2 Gao 2018 p 277 Gao 2018 p 295 Sources edit Gao Hua 2018 11 15 How the Red Sun Rose The Origin and Development of the Yan an Rectification Movement 1930 1945 The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press ISBN 978 962 996 822 9 External links editBook review dealing in part with Xiang Ying Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Xiang Ying amp oldid 1201706321, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
