Neutral and Non-Aligned European States

Neutral and Non-Aligned European States, sometimes known by abbreviation NN states,^[1][2] was a Cold War era informal grouping of states in Europe which were neither part of NATO nor Warsaw Pact but were either neutral or members of the Non-Aligned Movement. The group brought together neutral countries of Austria, Finland Sweden, and Switzerland on one, and non-aligned SFR Yugoslavia, Cyprus and Malta on the other hand all of which together shared interest in preservation of their independent non-bloc position with regard to NATO, European Community, Warsaw Pact and the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance.^[3] Established and comparatively highly developed European neutral countries perceived cooperation with non-aligned countries (particularly with SFR Yugoslavia as one of the leaders of the group) as a way to advocate for peace, disarmament and superpowers' restraint more forcefully than their limited earlier cooperation would permit.^[4]

Neutral and   Non-Aligned European States
Membership	Austria  Finland  Sweden  Switzerland  Yugoslavia  Cyprus  Malta
Area
• Total	1,176,407 km^2 (454,213 sq mi)
Population
• 1971 estimate	~ 47,800,000

The group cooperated within the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) in trying to preserve the results of the Helsinki Accords.^[5] In this framework, Yugoslavia cooperated with Austria and Finland on mediation between blocs, organized a second CSCE summit in 1977 in Belgrade and proposed drafts on national minorities protection which are still valid and integral parts of OSCE provisions on minority rights.^[6]

See also

• Neutral member states in the European Union
• Declaration of Neutrality
• Finlandization
• Swedish neutrality
• Swiss neutrality
• Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement
• Cyprus and the Non-Aligned Movement
• Malta and the Non-Aligned Movement
• 1995 enlargement of the European Union
• 2004 enlargement of the European Union

References

1. Håkan Wiberg (1994). "Neutral and Non-Aligned States in Europe and NOD". In Bjorn Moller (ed.). Non-offensive Defence For The Twenty-first Century. Routledge. ISBN 9780429039300.
2. Tvrtko Jakovina (2011). Treća strana Hladnog rata. Fraktura. ISBN 978-953-266-203-0.
3. Fischer, Thomas (2016). "Neutrality and Nonalignment in World Politics during the Cold War". Journal of Cold War Studies. 18 (4): 4–11.
4. Hakovirta, Harto (1983). "Effects of Non-Alignment on Neutrality in Europe: An Analysis and Appraisal". Cooperation and Conflict. 18 (1): 57–75.
5. Martinović, S. (1983). "Foreign Policy of Yugoslavia". Pakistan Horizon. 36 (1): 28–31. JSTOR 41394717.
6. Trültzsch, Arno. "An Almost Forgotten Legacy: Non-Aligned Yugoslavia in the United Nations and in the Making of Contemporary International Law".

Further reading

• Hanna Ojanen, ed. (2003). Neutrality and non-alignment in Europe today (PDF). Finnish Institute of International Affairs. ISBN 951-769-151-3.
• Mark Kramer; Aryo Makko; Peter Ruggenthaler, eds. (2021). The Soviet Union and Cold War Neutrality and Nonalignment in Europe. Lexington Books. ISBN 9781793631930.
• S. Victor Papacosma; Mark R. Rubin, eds. (1989). Europe's neutral and nonaligned states: between NATO and the Warsaw Pact. Wilmington. ISBN 0842022694.