Netjerkare Siptah (also Neitiqerty Siptah and possibly the origin of the legendary figure Nitocris) was an ancient Egyptianpharaoh, the seventh and last ruler of the Sixth Dynasty. Alternatively some scholars classify him as the first king of the Seventh or Eighth Dynasty.[2] As the last king of the 6th Dynasty, Netjerkare Siptah is considered by some Egyptologists to be the last king of the Old Kingdom period.
Netjerkare Siptah enjoyed a short reign in the early 22nd century BC, at a time when the power of the pharaoh was crumbling and that of the local nomarchs was on the rise. Although he was male, Netjerkare Siptah is most likely the same person as the female ruler Nitocris mentioned by Herodotus and Manetho.[3]
Attestationedit
The prenomen Netjerkare is inscribed on the 40th entry of the Abydos King List, a king list redacted during the reign of Seti I. Netjerkare immediately follows Merenre Nemtyemsaf II on the list.[2] The prenomen Netjerkare is also attested on a single copper tool of unknown provenance and now in the British Museum.[2][4] The nomen Neitiqerty Siptah is inscribed on the Turin canon, on the 5th column, 7th row (4th column, 7th row in Gardiner's reconstruction of the canon).[2]
Identification with Nitocrisedit
In his Histories, the Greek historian Herodotus records a legend according to which an Egyptian queen Nitocris took revenge on the murder of her brother and husband by a rioting mob. She diverted the Nile to drown all of the murderers during a banquet where she had gathered them.[2] This story is also reported by the Egyptian priest Manetho, who wrote an history of Egypt called Aegyptiaca in the 3rd century BC. Manetho writes of Nitocris that she was "... braver than all the men of her time, the most beautiful of all women, fair-skinned with red cheeks".[5] Manetho goes further and credits her with the construction of the Pyramid of Menkaure "By her, it is said, the third pyramid was reared, with the aspect of a mountain".[5] Although the murdered king is not named by Herodotus, Nitocris follows immediately Merenre Nemtyemsaf II in Manetho's Aegyptiaca and so he is often identified as this king. Since the king following Merenre Nemtyemsaf II in the Abydos king list is "Netjerkare", the German egyptologist Ludwig Stern proposed in 1883 that Netjerkare and Nitocris are the same person.[3][6]
The Danish Egyptologist Kim Ryholt confirmed Stern's hypothesis in a recent study of the matter. Ryholt argues that the name "Nitocris" is a result of conflation and distortion from the name "Netjerkare".[3] Confirming this analysis, the Turin canon, another king list redacted during the early Ramesside period lists a Neitiqerti Siptah at an uncertain position. Ryholt's microscopic analyses of the fibers of the papyrus suggest that the fragment where this name appears belongs to the end of the 6th Dynasty, immediately after Merenre Nemtyemsaf II. Since on the Abydos king list, Netjerkare is placed in the equivalent spot that Neitiqerti Siptah holds on the Turin canon, the two are to be identified. Additionally, the nomen "Siptah" is masculine indicating that Nitocris was in fact a male pharaoh. The name "Nitocris" probably originates from the prenomen "Neitiqerti", which itself either comes from a corruption of "Netjerkare", or else "Neitiqerti Siptah" was the nomen of the king and "Netjerkare" his prenomen.[3]
Referencesedit
^Michael Rice: Who is who in Ancient Egypt, Routledge London & New York 1999, ISBN0-203-44328-4, see "Nitiqret" p. 140
^ abcdeDarrell D. Baker: The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I - Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC, Stacey International, ISBN978-1-905299-37-9, 2008, p. 279–280
^ abcdRyholt, Kim Steven Bardrum. 2000. "The Late Old Kingdom in the Turin King-list and the Identity of Nitocris." Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde127:87–100.
^T. G. H. James: A Group of Inscribed Egyptian Tools, The British Museum Quarterly Vol. 24, No. 1/2 (Aug., 1961), pp. 36–43
^ abW. G. Waddell: Manetho, London (1940), p. 55–57
^L Stern: Die XXII. manethonische Dynastie, ZAS 21 (1883), p. 23, n. 2.
March 12, 2024
netjerkare, siptah, also, neitiqerty, siptah, possibly, origin, legendary, figure, nitocris, ancient, egyptian, pharaoh, seventh, last, ruler, sixth, dynasty, alternatively, some, scholars, classify, first, king, seventh, eighth, dynasty, last, king, dynasty, . Netjerkare Siptah also Neitiqerty Siptah and possibly the origin of the legendary figure Nitocris was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh the seventh and last ruler of the Sixth Dynasty Alternatively some scholars classify him as the first king of the Seventh or Eighth Dynasty 2 As the last king of the 6th Dynasty Netjerkare Siptah is considered by some Egyptologists to be the last king of the Old Kingdom period Netjerkare SiptahNeitiqerty Siptah Nitocris Siptah I NetjerkareThe cartouche of Netjerkare on the Abydos King List PharaohReignc 3 years 2184 2181 BC 1 PredecessorMerenre Nemtyemsaf IISuccessorMenkare Eighth Dynasty Royal titularyPrenomen Praenomen Abydos king listNetjerkareNṯr k3 RˁDivine is the Ka of RaNomenTurin canonNeitiqerty SiptahNt iḳrti s3 ptḥNeith is excellent the son of PtahDynastySixth Dynasty or Eighth DynastyNetjerkare Siptah enjoyed a short reign in the early 22nd century BC at a time when the power of the pharaoh was crumbling and that of the local nomarchs was on the rise Although he was male Netjerkare Siptah is most likely the same person as the female ruler Nitocris mentioned by Herodotus and Manetho 3 Attestation editThe prenomen Netjerkare is inscribed on the 40th entry of the Abydos King List a king list redacted during the reign of Seti I Netjerkare immediately follows Merenre Nemtyemsaf II on the list 2 The prenomen Netjerkare is also attested on a single copper tool of unknown provenance and now in the British Museum 2 4 The nomen Neitiqerty Siptah is inscribed on the Turin canon on the 5th column 7th row 4th column 7th row in Gardiner s reconstruction of the canon 2 Identification with Nitocris editIn his Histories the Greek historian Herodotus records a legend according to which an Egyptian queen Nitocris took revenge on the murder of her brother and husband by a rioting mob She diverted the Nile to drown all of the murderers during a banquet where she had gathered them 2 This story is also reported by the Egyptian priest Manetho who wrote an history of Egypt called Aegyptiaca in the 3rd century BC Manetho writes of Nitocris that she was braver than all the men of her time the most beautiful of all women fair skinned with red cheeks 5 Manetho goes further and credits her with the construction of the Pyramid of Menkaure By her it is said the third pyramid was reared with the aspect of a mountain 5 Although the murdered king is not named by Herodotus Nitocris follows immediately Merenre Nemtyemsaf II in Manetho s Aegyptiaca and so he is often identified as this king Since the king following Merenre Nemtyemsaf II in the Abydos king list is Netjerkare the German egyptologist Ludwig Stern proposed in 1883 that Netjerkare and Nitocris are the same person 3 6 The Danish Egyptologist Kim Ryholt confirmed Stern s hypothesis in a recent study of the matter Ryholt argues that the name Nitocris is a result of conflation and distortion from the name Netjerkare 3 Confirming this analysis the Turin canon another king list redacted during the early Ramesside period lists a Neitiqerti Siptah at an uncertain position Ryholt s microscopic analyses of the fibers of the papyrus suggest that the fragment where this name appears belongs to the end of the 6th Dynasty immediately after Merenre Nemtyemsaf II Since on the Abydos king list Netjerkare is placed in the equivalent spot that Neitiqerti Siptah holds on the Turin canon the two are to be identified Additionally the nomen Siptah is masculine indicating that Nitocris was in fact a male pharaoh The name Nitocris probably originates from the prenomen Neitiqerti which itself either comes from a corruption of Netjerkare or else Neitiqerti Siptah was the nomen of the king and Netjerkare his prenomen 3 References edit Michael Rice Who is who in Ancient Egypt Routledge London amp New York 1999 ISBN 0 203 44328 4 see Nitiqret p 140 a b c d e Darrell D Baker The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume I Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300 1069 BC Stacey International ISBN 978 1 905299 37 9 2008 p 279 280 a b c d Ryholt Kim Steven Bardrum 2000 The Late Old Kingdom in the Turin King list and the Identity of Nitocris Zeitschrift fur agyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 127 87 100 T G H James A Group of Inscribed Egyptian Tools The British Museum Quarterly Vol 24 No 1 2 Aug 1961 pp 36 43 a b W G Waddell Manetho London 1940 p 55 57 L Stern Die XXII manethonische Dynastie ZAS 21 1883 p 23 n 2 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Netjerkare Siptah amp oldid 1143916784, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
