Merenre Nemtyemsaf II was an ancient Egyptianpharaoh, the sixth and penultimate ruler of the 6th Dynasty.[8] He reigned for 1 year and 1 month in the first half of the 22nd century BC, at the very end of the Old Kingdom period. Nemtyemsaf II likely ascended the throne as an old man, succeeding his long-lived father Pepi II Neferkare at a time when the power of the pharaoh was crumbling.
Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
Menthesouphis (Africanus after Manetho), Antyemsaf
A false door fragment depicting Nemtyemsaf II from the Pyramid of his mother Neith.
Merenre Nemtyemsaf II is attested on the 4th line, column 6 of the Turin canon, a king list redacted in the early Ramesside Period. Although his name is lost in the canon, the duration of its reign is still readable as 1 year and 1 month, following the reign of Pepi II Neferkare.[9] Nemtyemsaf II is also attested on the 39th entry of the Abydos King List,[9] which dates to the reign of Seti I and constitutes one of the best preserved historical records for the end of the Old Kingdom and beginning of the First Intermediate Period. The Abydos king list is the only document where Nemtyemsaf II bears the throne name Merenre. A later historical source also records the existence of Nemtyemsaf II: indeed he is mentioned in Manetho's Aegyptiaca, a history of Egypt written in the 3rd century BC. Manetho gives Nemtyemsaf II's name as Menthesouphis and credits him with one year of reign.[1]
There is only one contemporary artefact known for sure to belong to Nemtyemsaf II. It is a damaged false door inscribed with Sa-nesu semsu Nemtyemsaf meaning "The elder king's son Nemtyemsaf" and discovered near the site of the pyramid of Neith, Pepi II's half-sister and queen and most likely Nemtyemsaf II's mother.[7][9] As indicated by the epithet of "elder king's son", this inscription was made before Nemtyemsaf's accession to the throne, when he was the heir apparent and also shows that he bore this name before becoming a pharaoh.[10] A second artefact may possibly belong to Nemtyemsaf II: a decree to protect the funerary cults of queens Ankhesenpepi I and Neith discovered in the mortuary temple of queen Neith.[11][12] If this decree was indeed issued by Nemtyemsaf II, his Horus name would be S[...]tawy meaning "He who causes the two lands to...".
Reignedit
Nemtyemsaf II succeeded his father Pepi II after his extremely long reign, believed to have been between 64 and 94 years long. Nothing is known for certain of Nemtyemsaf's activities but he likely had to face the collapse of the royal power and the rise of the provincial nomarchs. Less than 3 years after his death, the Old Kingdom period ended and the chaos of the First Intermediate Period started. Nemtyemsaf II may possibly have started a pyramid for himself and, if so, it would likely have been in Saqqara,[9] close to that of his father.[13]
Herodotus storyedit
In his Histories, the Greek historian Herodotus records a legend according to which an Egyptian queen Nitocris took revenge on the murder of her brother and husband by a rioting mob, allegedly Nemtyemsaf II, by drowning all his murderers during a banquet where she had gathered them. It is now recognized that the name "Nitocris" is a result of conflation and distortion from the name of a real male pharaoh, Neitiqerty Siptah, who succeeded Nemtyemsaf II.[14]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Merenre Nemtyemsaf II.
Notesedit
^ abJürgen von Beckerath: Chronologie des pharaonischen Ägypten (Chronology of the Egyptian Pharaohs), Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern (1997), p. 152.
^Michael Rice: Who is who in Ancient Egypt, Routledge London & New York 1999, ISBN0-203-44328-4, see p. 111
^Jaromir Malek: The Old Kingdom in Ian Shaw (editor): The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, Oxford University Press, new edition (2003), ISBN978-0192804587
^Peter A. Clayton: Chronicle of the Pharaohs: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt, Thames & Hudson (2006), ISBN0-500-28628-0, see p. 64.
^Thomas Schneider: Lexikon der Pharaonen, Düsseldorf 2002.
^Erik Hornung (editor), Rolf Krauss (editor), David A. Warburton (editor): Ancient Egyptian Chronology, Handbook of Oriental Studies, Brill 2012, ISBN978-90-04-11385-5, available online copyright-free, see p. 491.
^ abAidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton: The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, Thames & Hudson (2004), ISBN0-500-05128-3, see p. 73
^Jürgen von Beckerath: Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen, Münchner ägyptologische Studien, Heft 49, Mainz : Philip von Zabern, 1999, ISBN3-8053-2591-6, see pp.64–65, king No 6.
^ abcdDarrell D. Baker: The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I - Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC, Stacey International, ISBN978-1-905299-37-9, 2008, p. 211–212
^Gustave Jéquier: Les pyramides des reines Neit et Apouit, Imprimerie de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, Cairo (1933), new edition: Service des antiquites de l'Egypte (1984), ISBN978-9770104934.
^Kurt Sethe (editor): Urkunden des ägyptischen Altertums, Vol. 1: Urkunden des alten Reiches, Hinrichs, Leipzig 1933, num. 307 available online.
^Hans Goedicke: Königliche Dokumente aus dem Alten Reich, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz (1967), p. 158–162.
^Miroslav Verner: Die Pyramiden, Reinbek 1997, p. 415.
^Kim Ryholt: "The Late Old Kingdom in the Turin King-list and the Identity of Nitocris, Zeitschrift für ägyptische, 127, 2000. See p. 91
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Merenre Nemtyemsaf II was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh the sixth and penultimate ruler of the 6th Dynasty 8 He reigned for 1 year and 1 month in the first half of the 22nd century BC at the very end of the Old Kingdom period Nemtyemsaf II likely ascended the throne as an old man succeeding his long lived father Pepi II Neferkare at a time when the power of the pharaoh was crumbling Merenre Nemtyemsaf IIMenthesouphis Africanus after Manetho AntyemsafA false door fragment depicting Nemtyemsaf II from the Pyramid of his mother Neith PharaohReign1 year and 1 month 2194 BC 1 2184 BC 2 3 4 2180 BC 5 2152 BC 6 PredecessorPepi II NeferkareSuccessorNeitiqerty Siptah Nitocris disputed Royal titularyPrenomen Praenomen Merenre NemtyemsafMr n Rˁ Nmti m s3 fBeloved of Ra Nemty is his protectionNomenNemtyemsafNmti m s3 fNemty is his protectionFatherPepi II NeferkareMotherNeith A 7 Dynasty6th Dynasty Contents 1 Attestations 2 Reign 3 Herodotus story 4 NotesAttestations editMerenre Nemtyemsaf II is attested on the 4th line column 6 of the Turin canon a king list redacted in the early Ramesside Period Although his name is lost in the canon the duration of its reign is still readable as 1 year and 1 month following the reign of Pepi II Neferkare 9 Nemtyemsaf II is also attested on the 39th entry of the Abydos King List 9 which dates to the reign of Seti I and constitutes one of the best preserved historical records for the end of the Old Kingdom and beginning of the First Intermediate Period The Abydos king list is the only document where Nemtyemsaf II bears the throne name Merenre A later historical source also records the existence of Nemtyemsaf II indeed he is mentioned in Manetho s Aegyptiaca a history of Egypt written in the 3rd century BC Manetho gives Nemtyemsaf II s name as Menthesouphis and credits him with one year of reign 1 nbsp The cartouche of Merenre Nemtyemsaf II on the Abydos king list There is only one contemporary artefact known for sure to belong to Nemtyemsaf II It is a damaged false door inscribed with Sa nesu semsu Nemtyemsaf meaning The elder king s son Nemtyemsaf and discovered near the site of the pyramid of Neith Pepi II s half sister and queen and most likely Nemtyemsaf II s mother 7 9 As indicated by the epithet of elder king s son this inscription was made before Nemtyemsaf s accession to the throne when he was the heir apparent and also shows that he bore this name before becoming a pharaoh 10 A second artefact may possibly belong to Nemtyemsaf II a decree to protect the funerary cults of queens Ankhesenpepi I and Neith discovered in the mortuary temple of queen Neith 11 12 If this decree was indeed issued by Nemtyemsaf II his Horus name would be S tawy meaning He who causes the two lands to Reign editNemtyemsaf II succeeded his father Pepi II after his extremely long reign believed to have been between 64 and 94 years long Nothing is known for certain of Nemtyemsaf s activities but he likely had to face the collapse of the royal power and the rise of the provincial nomarchs Less than 3 years after his death the Old Kingdom period ended and the chaos of the First Intermediate Period started Nemtyemsaf II may possibly have started a pyramid for himself and if so it would likely have been in Saqqara 9 close to that of his father 13 Herodotus story editIn his Histories the Greek historian Herodotus records a legend according to which an Egyptian queen Nitocris took revenge on the murder of her brother and husband by a rioting mob allegedly Nemtyemsaf II by drowning all his murderers during a banquet where she had gathered them It is now recognized that the name Nitocris is a result of conflation and distortion from the name of a real male pharaoh Neitiqerty Siptah who succeeded Nemtyemsaf II 14 nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Merenre Nemtyemsaf II Notes edit a b Jurgen von Beckerath Chronologie des pharaonischen Agypten Chronology of the Egyptian Pharaohs Mainz am Rhein Verlag Philipp von Zabern 1997 p 152 Michael Rice Who is who in Ancient Egypt Routledge London amp New York 1999 ISBN 0 203 44328 4 see p 111 Jaromir Malek The Old Kingdom in Ian Shaw editor The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt Oxford University Press new edition 2003 ISBN 978 0192804587 Peter A Clayton Chronicle of the Pharaohs The Reign by Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt Thames amp Hudson 2006 ISBN 0 500 28628 0 see p 64 Thomas Schneider Lexikon der Pharaonen Dusseldorf 2002 Erik Hornung editor Rolf Krauss editor David A Warburton editor Ancient Egyptian Chronology Handbook of Oriental Studies Brill 2012 ISBN 978 90 04 11385 5 available online copyright free see p 491 a b Aidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt Thames amp Hudson 2004 ISBN 0 500 05128 3 see p 73 Jurgen von Beckerath Handbuch der agyptischen Konigsnamen Munchner agyptologische Studien Heft 49 Mainz Philip von Zabern 1999 ISBN 3 8053 2591 6 see pp 64 65 king No 6 a b c d Darrell D Baker The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume I Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300 1069 BC Stacey International ISBN 978 1 905299 37 9 2008 p 211 212 Gustave Jequier Les pyramides des reines Neit et Apouit Imprimerie de l Institut Francais d Archeologie Orientale Cairo 1933 new edition Service des antiquites de l Egypte 1984 ISBN 978 9770104934 Kurt Sethe editor Urkunden des agyptischen Altertums Vol 1 Urkunden des alten Reiches Hinrichs Leipzig 1933 num 307 available online Hans Goedicke Konigliche Dokumente aus dem Alten Reich Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz 1967 p 158 162 Miroslav Verner Die Pyramiden Reinbek 1997 p 415 Kim Ryholt The Late Old Kingdom in the Turin King list and the Identity of Nitocris Zeitschrift fur agyptische 127 2000 See p 91 Preceded byPepi II Neferkare Pharaoh of EgyptSixth Dynasty Succeeded byNeitiqerty Siptah Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Merenre Nemtyemsaf II amp oldid 1190897836, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
