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Netherlands–United Kingdom relations

January 01, 1970

The Netherlands and the United Kingdom have a strong political and economic partnership.[1]

Dutch-British relations

Netherlands
United Kingdom
Diplomatic mission
Embassy of the Netherlands, LondonEmbassy of the United Kingdom, The Hague
Envoy
Ambassador Laetitia van den AssumAmbassador Joanna Roper
Maritime boundary between the United Kingdom (Anguilla) and the Netherlands (Saba, Sint Maarten) in the Lesser Antilles

Over forty Dutch towns and cities are twinned with British towns and cities.[2] Both English and Dutch are West Germanic languages, with West Frisian, a minority language in the Netherlands, being the closest relative of the English language if one excludes Scots. In addition, between 90%[3] and 93%[4] of people in the Netherlands claim to speak English, although a negligible percentage of British people can speak Dutch.

The Netherlands has an embassy in London,[5] and the United Kingdom has an embassy in The Hague.[1] The UK also has a consulate in Willemstad, Curaçao.[6]

There are also strong ties[clarification needed] between the UK's overseas territory of Anguilla and the nearby Sint Maarten of the Netherlands. Both countries are members of the Council of Europe and NATO. the Netherlands is a European Union member and the United Kingdom is a former European Union member.

History edit

Early Modern Relations edit

 
Attack on the Medway during the Second Anglo-Dutch War by Pieter Cornelisz van Soest c. 1667.

In the mid-seventeenth century, after the Dutch had made peace in their war of independence from Spain and the former Kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland were being united under Cromwell's Commonwealth, Oliver St John was sent to Holland to moot the possibility of unifying the Dutch Republic with the Commonwealth, as fellow Protestant, seafaring republics, though the plan did not come to pass.[7]

The Anglo-Dutch wars were battles between England (and the Kingdom of Great Britain during the fourth war) and the Dutch Republic during the 17th and 18th centuries. There were four wars in total, two were won by each side, and ended with the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War. The wars were largely fought to secure trade routes and to enable colonial expansion.[8]

Glorious Revolution edit

The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland and II of Ireland) in 1688 by a union of Parliamentarians with an invading army led by the Dutch Republic stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange) who, as a result, ascended the English throne as William III of England.[9]

The crisis besetting King James II came to a head in 1688, when the King fathered a son, James Francis Edward Stuart on 10 June (Julian calendar),[10] until then the throne would have passed to his daughter, Mary, a Protestant and the wife of William of Orange. The prospect of a Catholic dynasty in the kingdoms was now likely. Already troubled by the King's Catholicism and his close ties with France, key leaders of the Tories united with members of the opposition Whigs and set out to resolve the crisis by inviting William of Orange to England.[11]

The invasion ended all attempts by England, in the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th century, to subdue the Dutch Republic by military force. However, the personal union and the co-operation between the English and Dutch navies shifted the dominance in world trade from the Republic to England and then to the 18th century Kingdom of Great Britain.

Eight Articles of London edit

 
Prince William of Orange wounded at Waterloo, 1815

The Eight Articles of London, also known as the London Protocol of 21 June 1814, were a secret convention between the Great Powers: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Prussia, Austria, and Russia to award the territory of current Belgium and the Netherlands to William I of the Netherlands, then "Sovereign Prince" of the United Netherlands. He accepted this award on 21 July 1814.[12]

Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 edit

The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 (also known as the Convention of London) was signed between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands in London on 13 August 1814. It was signed by Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh, for the British and Hendrik Fagel for the Dutch.

The treaty returned the colonial possessions of the Dutch as they were at 1 January 1803 before the outbreak of the Napoleonic Wars, in the Americas, Africa, and Asia with the exceptions of the Cape of Good Hope and the South American settlements of Demerara, Essequibo, and Berbice, where the Dutch retained trading rights. In addition, the British ceded to the Dutch Bangka Island in the Indonesian Archipelago in exchange for the settlement of Kochi and its dependencies on the coast of Malabar, in India. The Dutch also ceded the district of Barnagore, situated close to Calcutta, in exchange for an annual fee. The treaty noted a declaration of 15 June 1814, by the Dutch that ships for the slave trade were no longer permitted in British ports and it agreed that this restriction would be extended to a ban on involvement in the slave trade by Dutch citizens. Britain also agreed to pay £1,000,000 to Sweden to resolve a claim to the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe (see Guadeloupe Fund). The British and the Dutch agreed to spend £2,000,000 each on improving the defences of the Low Countries. More funds, of up to £3,000,000, are mentioned for the "final and satisfactory settlement of the Low Countries in union with Holland." Disputes arising from this treaty were the subject of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824.

Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 edit

The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, also known as the Treaty of London (one of several), was signed between the United Kingdom and the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in London in March 1824. The treaty sought to resolve disputes arising from the execution of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814. For the Dutch, it was signed by Hendrik Fagel and Anton Reinhard Falck, and for the UK, George Canning and Charles Williams-Wynn.[13]

World War II edit

 
The crew of a Cromwell tank is welcomed by Dutch civilians in Eindhoven, 19 September 1944

During World War II, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands were close allies. After the German occupation of the Netherlands, Queen Wilhelmina and the Dutch government found refuge in Britain. The Royal Netherlands Navy brought most of its ships to England.[14]

A few Dutch pilots escaped and joined the Royal Air Force to fight in the Battle of Britain. In July 1940, two all-Dutch squadrons were formed with Royal Netherlands Navy personnel and Fokker seaplanes from the Dutch naval air service: 320 Squadron and 321 Squadron (which afterwards moved to Sri Lanka). In 1943, an all-Dutch fighter squadron was formed in the UK, 322 Squadron.

Political relationship edit

 
Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte meets Britain's then-Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg at the Binnenhof in The Hague.

The United Kingdom and the Netherlands are both countries that are run under a constitutional monarchy. King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands is around 890th in line to the British throne.

The United Kingdom and the Netherlands co-operate on a project to help people living in the developing world adapt to climate change.[15]

The Infrared Astronomical Satellite was the first-ever space-based observatory to perform a survey of the entire sky at infrared wavelengths. Launched in 1983, its mission lasted ten months. The telescope was a joint project of the Netherlands (NIVR), and the United Kingdom (SERC) as well as the USA.

While commenting on British-Dutch relations Doug Henderson stated in 1997 that:

We like fair play and straightforwardness (direct honesty). We have a deep interest and a sense of responsibility for what goes on in the wider world. We both share a commitment to global trade and have both traditionally promoted strong trans-Atlantic links. Furthermore, as former colonial powers, we both have important international interests.[16]

His Dutch counterpart Frits Bolkestein responded by saying:

In the past the Netherlands was a staunch supporter of British entry into the European community. Apart from feeling sympathy for the British people, this was motivated by our common value and interests, such as long-standing and deeply-rooted democratic tradition, the Atlantic outlook, the free market orientation and three large multinational companies, such as Royal Dutch Shell, Unilever and Reckitt Benckiser, with a common Anglo-Dutch origin.[16]

Economic partnership edit

See also: Icesave dispute

Royal Dutch Shell, Unilever and Reckitt Benckiser are three multinational companies of the joint Anglo-Dutch businesses.[17][18][19] The Netherlands-British Chamber of Commerce was established to further economic co-operation between the two countries.[20] In 2006 the Netherlands imported £16.6bn worth of goods from the United Kingdom, making it the UK's fifth biggest export market.[21] Dutch-British trade is made simpler by good relations, transparent legal framework, sophisticated financial services system, good transport links and close geographical proximity.[21] It is possible to reach either country by train, Eurostar, ferry or aeroplane.[22]

On the local level, since 2022 there has been developed a special focus on mobility from the Dutch point of view towards the UK. In 2022 the embassy organised a Trade Mission and as a follow-up, the Trade Agencies of Amsterdam & Utrecht organised an inspiration mission to Manchester, Birmingham and London, together with the embassy. In 2024 Rotterdam and Flevoland joined them and they visited Bristol and London.

Twinnings edit

Armed forces edit

See also: Netherlands Marine Corps § UK/NL landing force
 
Dutch Marines in a British made Rigid-hulled inflatable boat

The Royal Marines and Netherlands Marine Corps are allied through a 'Bond of friendship'.

Since 1973, units of the Netherlands Marine Corps have formed part of the British 3 Commando Brigade during exercises and real conflict situations. Together, these form the UK/NL Landing Force. Either the First or the Second Marine Combat Group can be assigned as the Dutch contribution to this force.

The co-operation between the Korps Mariniers and the Royal Marines has led to extensive integration in the areas of operations, logistics and materials. Within NATO this is seen as a prime example of what can be achieved in military integration.

In combined NLMC and Royal Marines actions by the British and Dutch navies during the War of the Spanish Succession (1702–1713), amphibious operations were carried out, the most notable being the capture of Gibraltar in 1704. During this action, a successful attack was carried out against the fortress of Gibraltar by an 1800-strong brigade of Dutch and British Marines under the command of Prince George of Hesse-Darmstadt. Both corps share this battle honour.[citation needed]

The nickname of the Dutch Marines among their British Royal Marine counterparts is "Cloggies", a reference to the historic wearing of clogs by some Dutch people. Royal Navy Submarine Service officers taking the Submarine Command Course use a Dutch submarine simulator for part of the course.[citation needed]

Resident diplomatic missions edit

  •  
    Embassy of the Netherlands in London
  •  
    Embassy of the United Kingdom in The Hague

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b "British Embassy The Hague – GOV.UK". Retrieved 18 May 2016.
  2. ^ . fco.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  3. ^ "European Union" (PDF). Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  4. ^ (PDF). wordpress.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  5. ^ Zaken, Ministerie van Buitenlandse. . www.netherlands-embassy.org.uk. Archived from the original on 10 January 2010. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  6. ^ "Worldwide organisations". Retrieved 18 May 2016.
  7. ^ Godwin, William (1827). History of the Commonwealth of England Vol. 3. H. Colburn. pps.372–382.
  8. ^ "The First Anglo-Dutch War". Retrieved 18 May 2016.
  9. ^ "History in the making: The Glorious Revolution of 1688-91 was really a". The Independent. 28 December 1992. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
  10. ^ In this article "New Style" means the start of year is adjusted to 1 January. Events on the European mainland are usually given using the Gregorian calendar, while events in Great Britain and Ireland are usually given using the Julian calendar with the year adjusted to 1 January. Dates with no explicit Julian or Gregorian postscript will be using the same calendar as the last date with an explicit postscript.
  11. ^ Barry Coward, The Stuart Age (1980) 298–302
  12. ^ Colenbrander, p. LXX, fn. 1
  13. ^ "traktaat van Londen, 1824". Retrieved 18 May 2016.
  14. ^ Neal Wigglesworth, Holland at War Against Hitler: Anglo-Dutch Relations, 1940–1945 (Psychology Press, 1990)
  15. ^ "European Commission : CORDIS : News and Events : UK and Netherlands launch climate change adaptation study". Retrieved 18 May 2016.
  16. ^ a b Ashton, Nigel John; Hellema, Duco (2001). Unspoken Allies. Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 9789053564714. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
  17. ^ . qmul.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  18. ^ "Royal Dutch Shell". Retrieved 18 May 2016.
  19. ^ "BBC NEWS – Business – Qatar and Shell in $6bn gas deal". 28 February 2005. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
  20. ^ "The Netherlands British Chamber of Commerce". NBCC. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
  21. ^ a b Europe. Western Europe. Netherlands 13 February 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ "LONDON to AMSTERDAM by train & ferry or Eurostar from £49". Retrieved 18 May 2016.

Further reading edit

  • Ashton, Nigel. Unspoken Allies: Anglo-Dutch Relations since 1780. ISBN 978-90-5356-471-4. Google Books
  • Horn, David Bayne. Great Britain and Europe in the eighteenth century (1967). Covers 1603–1702; pp. 86–110. [1]
  • Jones, James Rees. The Anglo-Dutch Wars of the Seventeenth Century (Routledge, 2013) [2]
  • Levy, Jack S. "The Rise and Decline of the Anglo-Dutch Rivalry, 1609–1689", pp. 172–200 in William R. Thompson, ed. Great power rivalries (1999) online
  • Palmer, M. A. J. "The Military Revolution Afloat: The Era of the Anglo-Dutch Wars and the Transition to Modern Warfare at Sea". War in History (1997) 4#2. pp. 123–149.
  • Raven, G. J. A., and Nicholas A. M. Rodger. Navies and Armies: The Anglo-Dutch Relationship in War and Peace, 1688–1988 (John Donald, 1990).
  • Watson, Charles Albert (1969). Britain's Dutch Policy, 1914–1918; The View from British Archives (Ph.D.). Boston University. OCLC 7805023.
  • Wigglesworth, Neil. Holland at War Against Hitler: Anglo-Dutch Relations, 1940–1945 (Psychology Press, 1990) online
  • Wilson, Charles Henry. Anglo-Dutch Commerce & Finance in the Eighteenth Century (1941) online

External links edit

  • Our Kinsfolk in the Netherlands – "Always closely associated with Britain"
  • Anglo-Dutch society
  • A look into the long-lasting links between Britain and Holland forged during the war
  • "England and the Netherlands: the ties between two nations"
  • "William: A razor sharp cynic"

January 01, 1970
netherlands, united, kingdom, relations, netherlands, united, kingdom, have, strong, political, economic, partnership, dutch, british, relationsnetherlands, united, kingdomdiplomatic, missionembassy, netherlands, londonembassy, united, kingdom, hagueenvoyambas. The Netherlands and the United Kingdom have a strong political and economic partnership 1 Dutch British relationsNetherlands United KingdomDiplomatic missionEmbassy of the Netherlands LondonEmbassy of the United Kingdom The HagueEnvoyAmbassador Laetitia van den AssumAmbassador Joanna Roper Maritime boundary between the United Kingdom Anguilla and the Netherlands Saba Sint Maarten in the Lesser Antilles Over forty Dutch towns and cities are twinned with British towns and cities 2 Both English and Dutch are West Germanic languages with West Frisian a minority language in the Netherlands being the closest relative of the English language if one excludes Scots In addition between 90 3 and 93 4 of people in the Netherlands claim to speak English although a negligible percentage of British people can speak Dutch The Netherlands has an embassy in London 5 and the United Kingdom has an embassy in The Hague 1 The UK also has a consulate in Willemstad Curacao 6 There are also strong ties clarification needed between the UK s overseas territory of Anguilla and the nearby Sint Maarten of the Netherlands Both countries are members of the Council of Europe and NATO the Netherlands is a European Union member and the United Kingdom is a former European Union member Contents 1 History 1 1 Early Modern Relations 1 2 Glorious Revolution 1 3 Eight Articles of London 1 4 Anglo Dutch Treaty of 1814 1 5 Anglo Dutch Treaty of 1824 1 6 World War II 2 Political relationship 3 Economic partnership 4 Twinnings 5 Armed forces 6 Resident diplomatic missions 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External linksHistory editEarly Modern Relations edit nbsp Attack on the Medway during the Second Anglo Dutch War by Pieter Cornelisz van Soest c 1667 In the mid seventeenth century after the Dutch had made peace in their war of independence from Spain and the former Kingdoms of England Scotland and Ireland were being united under Cromwell s Commonwealth Oliver St John was sent to Holland to moot the possibility of unifying the Dutch Republic with the Commonwealth as fellow Protestant seafaring republics though the plan did not come to pass 7 The Anglo Dutch wars were battles between England and the Kingdom of Great Britain during the fourth war and the Dutch Republic during the 17th and 18th centuries There were four wars in total two were won by each side and ended with the Fourth Anglo Dutch War The wars were largely fought to secure trade routes and to enable colonial expansion 8 Glorious Revolution edit The Glorious Revolution also called the Revolution of 1688 was the overthrow of King James II of England VII of Scotland and II of Ireland in 1688 by a union of Parliamentarians with an invading army led by the Dutch Republic stadtholder William III of Orange Nassau William of Orange who as a result ascended the English throne as William III of England 9 The crisis besetting King James II came to a head in 1688 when the King fathered a son James Francis Edward Stuart on 10 June Julian calendar 10 until then the throne would have passed to his daughter Mary a Protestant and the wife of William of Orange The prospect of a Catholic dynasty in the kingdoms was now likely Already troubled by the King s Catholicism and his close ties with France key leaders of the Tories united with members of the opposition Whigs and set out to resolve the crisis by inviting William of Orange to England 11 The invasion ended all attempts by England in the Anglo Dutch Wars of the 17th century to subdue the Dutch Republic by military force However the personal union and the co operation between the English and Dutch navies shifted the dominance in world trade from the Republic to England and then to the 18th century Kingdom of Great Britain Eight Articles of London edit nbsp Prince William of Orange wounded at Waterloo 1815 The Eight Articles of London also known as the London Protocol of 21 June 1814 were a secret convention between the Great Powers United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Prussia Austria and Russia to award the territory of current Belgium and the Netherlands to William I of the Netherlands then Sovereign Prince of the United Netherlands He accepted this award on 21 July 1814 12 Anglo Dutch Treaty of 1814 edit The Anglo Dutch Treaty of 1814 also known as the Convention of London was signed between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands in London on 13 August 1814 It was signed by Robert Stewart Viscount Castlereagh for the British and Hendrik Fagel for the Dutch The treaty returned the colonial possessions of the Dutch as they were at 1 January 1803 before the outbreak of the Napoleonic Wars in the Americas Africa and Asia with the exceptions of the Cape of Good Hope and the South American settlements of Demerara Essequibo and Berbice where the Dutch retained trading rights In addition the British ceded to the Dutch Bangka Island in the Indonesian Archipelago in exchange for the settlement of Kochi and its dependencies on the coast of Malabar in India The Dutch also ceded the district of Barnagore situated close to Calcutta in exchange for an annual fee The treaty noted a declaration of 15 June 1814 by the Dutch that ships for the slave trade were no longer permitted in British ports and it agreed that this restriction would be extended to a ban on involvement in the slave trade by Dutch citizens Britain also agreed to pay 1 000 000 to Sweden to resolve a claim to the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe see Guadeloupe Fund The British and the Dutch agreed to spend 2 000 000 each on improving the defences of the Low Countries More funds of up to 3 000 000 are mentioned for the final and satisfactory settlement of the Low Countries in union with Holland Disputes arising from this treaty were the subject of the Anglo Dutch Treaty of 1824 Anglo Dutch Treaty of 1824 edit The Anglo Dutch Treaty of 1824 also known as the Treaty of London one of several was signed between the United Kingdom and the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in London in March 1824 The treaty sought to resolve disputes arising from the execution of the Anglo Dutch Treaty of 1814 For the Dutch it was signed by Hendrik Fagel and Anton Reinhard Falck and for the UK George Canning and Charles Williams Wynn 13 World War II edit nbsp The crew of a Cromwell tank is welcomed by Dutch civilians in Eindhoven 19 September 1944 During World War II the United Kingdom and the Netherlands were close allies After the German occupation of the Netherlands Queen Wilhelmina and the Dutch government found refuge in Britain The Royal Netherlands Navy brought most of its ships to England 14 A few Dutch pilots escaped and joined the Royal Air Force to fight in the Battle of Britain In July 1940 two all Dutch squadrons were formed with Royal Netherlands Navy personnel and Fokker seaplanes from the Dutch naval air service 320 Squadron and 321 Squadron which afterwards moved to Sri Lanka In 1943 an all Dutch fighter squadron was formed in the UK 322 Squadron Political relationship edit nbsp Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte meets Britain s then Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg at the Binnenhof in The Hague The United Kingdom and the Netherlands are both countries that are run under a constitutional monarchy King Willem Alexander of the Netherlands is around 890th in line to the British throne The United Kingdom and the Netherlands co operate on a project to help people living in the developing world adapt to climate change 15 The Infrared Astronomical Satellite was the first ever space based observatory to perform a survey of the entire sky at infrared wavelengths Launched in 1983 its mission lasted ten months The telescope was a joint project of the Netherlands NIVR and the United Kingdom SERC as well as the USA While commenting on British Dutch relations Doug Henderson stated in 1997 that We like fair play and straightforwardness direct honesty We have a deep interest and a sense of responsibility for what goes on in the wider world We both share a commitment to global trade and have both traditionally promoted strong trans Atlantic links Furthermore as former colonial powers we both have important international interests 16 His Dutch counterpart Frits Bolkestein responded by saying In the past the Netherlands was a staunch supporter of British entry into the European community Apart from feeling sympathy for the British people this was motivated by our common value and interests such as long standing and deeply rooted democratic tradition the Atlantic outlook the free market orientation and three large multinational companies such as Royal Dutch Shell Unilever and Reckitt Benckiser with a common Anglo Dutch origin 16 Economic partnership editSee also Icesave dispute Royal Dutch Shell Unilever and Reckitt Benckiser are three multinational companies of the joint Anglo Dutch businesses 17 18 19 The Netherlands British Chamber of Commerce was established to further economic co operation between the two countries 20 In 2006 the Netherlands imported 16 6bn worth of goods from the United Kingdom making it the UK s fifth biggest export market 21 Dutch British trade is made simpler by good relations transparent legal framework sophisticated financial services system good transport links and close geographical proximity 21 It is possible to reach either country by train Eurostar ferry or aeroplane 22 On the local level since 2022 there has been developed a special focus on mobility from the Dutch point of view towards the UK In 2022 the embassy organised a Trade Mission and as a follow up the Trade Agencies of Amsterdam amp Utrecht organised an inspiration mission to Manchester Birmingham and London together with the embassy In 2024 Rotterdam and Flevoland joined them and they visited Bristol and London Twinnings edit nbsp Alkmaar North Holland and nbsp Bath Somerset nbsp Almelo Overijssel and nbsp Preston Lancashire nbsp Almere Flevoland and nbsp Milton Keynes and associated town with the City of Lancaster nbsp Amstelveen North Holland and nbsp Woking Surrey nbsp Amsterdam North Holland and nbsp Manchester Greater Manchester nbsp Arnhem Gelderland and nbsp Airdrie North Lanarkshire nbsp Arnhem Gelderland and nbsp Croydon Greater London nbsp Cuijk North Brabant and nbsp Maldon Essex nbsp Delft South Holland and nbsp Kingston upon Thames Greater London nbsp Dordrecht South Holland and nbsp Hastings East Sussex nbsp Gouda South Holland and nbsp Gloucester Gloucestershire nbsp Graft De Rijp North Holland and nbsp Chalfont St Giles Buckinghamshire nbsp Groningen Groningen Province and nbsp Newcastle upon Tyne Tyne and Wear nbsp Heemstede North Holland and nbsp Royal Leamington Spa Warwickshire nbsp Haaren North Brabant and nbsp Desborough Northamptonshire nbsp Hellevoetsluis South Holland and nbsp Torbay Devon nbsp Leiden South Holland and nbsp Oxford Oxfordshire nbsp Meerssen Limburg and nbsp Sherborne Dorset nbsp Rotterdam South Holland and nbsp Hull East Riding of Yorkshire nbsp Stampersgat North Brabant and nbsp Cheltenham Gloucestershire nbsp Zutphen Gelderland and nbsp Shrewsbury ShropshireArmed forces editSee also Netherlands Marine Corps UK NL landing force nbsp Dutch Marines in a British made Rigid hulled inflatable boat The Royal Marines and Netherlands Marine Corps are allied through a Bond of friendship Since 1973 units of the Netherlands Marine Corps have formed part of the British 3 Commando Brigade during exercises and real conflict situations Together these form the UK NL Landing Force Either the First or the Second Marine Combat Group can be assigned as the Dutch contribution to this force The co operation between the Korps Mariniers and the Royal Marines has led to extensive integration in the areas of operations logistics and materials Within NATO this is seen as a prime example of what can be achieved in military integration In combined NLMC and Royal Marines actions by the British and Dutch navies during the War of the Spanish Succession 1702 1713 amphibious operations were carried out the most notable being the capture of Gibraltar in 1704 During this action a successful attack was carried out against the fortress of Gibraltar by an 1800 strong brigade of Dutch and British Marines under the command of Prince George of Hesse Darmstadt Both corps share this battle honour citation needed The nickname of the Dutch Marines among their British Royal Marine counterparts is Cloggies a reference to the historic wearing of clogs by some Dutch people Royal Navy Submarine Service officers taking the Submarine Command Course use a Dutch submarine simulator for part of the course citation needed Resident diplomatic missions editthe Netherlands has an embassy in London as well as a network of honorary consulates throughout the UK Guernsey Gibraltar and Bermuda United Kingdom has an embassy and a consulate general in The Hague and honorary consulates in Willemstad and Philipsburg Sint Maarten nbsp Embassy of the Netherlands in London nbsp Embassy of the United Kingdom in The HagueSee also editForeign relations of the United Kingdom Foreign relations of the Netherlands List of diplomats from the United Kingdom to the Netherlands Dutch people in the United Kingdom List of Dutch Britons United Kingdom European Union relations Germany United Kingdom relations Germany Netherlands relationsReferences edit a b British Embassy The Hague GOV UK Retrieved 18 May 2016 Country Profile Netherlands fco gov uk Archived from the original on 19 October 2012 Retrieved 21 April 2018 European Union PDF Retrieved 26 April 2023 English in the Netherlands Functions forms and attitudes p 316 and onwards PDF wordpress com Archived from the original PDF on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 21 April 2018 Zaken Ministerie van Buitenlandse The United Kingdom www netherlands embassy org uk Archived from the original on 10 January 2010 Retrieved 21 April 2018 Worldwide organisations Retrieved 18 May 2016 Godwin William 1827 History of the Commonwealth of England Vol 3 H Colburn pps 372 382 The First Anglo Dutch War Retrieved 18 May 2016 History in the making The Glorious Revolution of 1688 91 was really a The Independent 28 December 1992 Retrieved 12 February 2024 In this article New Style means the start of year is adjusted to 1 January Events on the European mainland are usually given using the Gregorian calendar while events in Great Britain and Ireland are usually given using the Julian calendar with the year adjusted to 1 January Dates with no explicit Julian or Gregorian postscript will be using the same calendar as the last date with an explicit postscript Barry Coward The Stuart Age 1980 298 302 Colenbrander p LXX fn 1 traktaat van Londen 1824 Retrieved 18 May 2016 Neal Wigglesworth Holland at War Against Hitler Anglo Dutch Relations 1940 1945 Psychology Press 1990 European Commission CORDIS News and Events UK and Netherlands launch climate change adaptation study Retrieved 18 May 2016 a b Ashton Nigel John Hellema Duco 2001 Unspoken Allies Amsterdam University Press ISBN 9789053564714 Retrieved 18 May 2016 Too many UK companies fail to see the point of history Queen Mary University of London qmul ac uk Archived from the original on 7 October 2008 Retrieved 21 April 2018 Royal Dutch Shell Retrieved 18 May 2016 BBC NEWS Business Qatar and Shell in 6bn gas deal 28 February 2005 Retrieved 18 May 2016 The Netherlands British Chamber of Commerce NBCC Retrieved 18 May 2016 a b Europe Western Europe Netherlands Archived 13 February 2006 at the Wayback Machine LONDON to AMSTERDAM by train amp ferry or Eurostar from 49 Retrieved 18 May 2016 Further reading editAshton Nigel Unspoken Allies Anglo Dutch Relations since 1780 ISBN 978 90 5356 471 4 Google Books Horn David Bayne Great Britain and Europe in the eighteenth century 1967 Covers 1603 1702 pp 86 110 1 Jones James Rees The Anglo Dutch Wars of the Seventeenth Century Routledge 2013 2 Levy Jack S The Rise and Decline of the Anglo Dutch Rivalry 1609 1689 pp 172 200 in William R Thompson ed Great power rivalries 1999 online Palmer M A J The Military Revolution Afloat The Era of the Anglo Dutch Wars and the Transition to Modern Warfare at Sea War in History 1997 4 2 pp 123 149 Raven G J A and Nicholas A M Rodger Navies and Armies The Anglo Dutch Relationship in War and Peace 1688 1988 John Donald 1990 Watson Charles Albert 1969 Britain s Dutch Policy 1914 1918 The View from British Archives Ph D Boston University OCLC 7805023 Wigglesworth Neil Holland at War Against Hitler Anglo Dutch Relations 1940 1945 Psychology Press 1990 online Wilson Charles Henry Anglo Dutch Commerce amp Finance in the Eighteenth Century 1941 onlineExternal links editOur Kinsfolk in the Netherlands Always closely associated with Britain Anglo Dutch society A look into the long lasting links between Britain and Holland forged during the war England and the Netherlands the ties between two nations William A razor sharp cynic Portals nbsp Politics nbsp Netherlands nbsp United Kingdom Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Netherlands United Kingdom relations amp oldid 1221331188, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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