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Neoregelia

January 01, 1970

Neoregelia is a genus of epiphytic flowering plants in the family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae, native to South American rainforests.[1] The genus name is for Eduard August von Regel, Director of St. Petersburg Botanic Gardens in Russia (1875–1892).[2]

Neoregelia
Neoregelia in bloom at a botanical garden.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Bromeliaceae
Subfamily: Bromelioideae
Genus: Neoregelia
L.B.Sm.
Subgenera

See text.

Synonyms[1]

Regelia (Lem.) Lindm. 1890, illegitimate homonym, not Schauer 1843 nor H. Wendl. 1865

Description edit

Neoregelias are epiphytic plants, meaning they grow attached to the branches of forest trees; they do not naturally grow on soil, though they can be cultivated on the ground in controlled conditions, such as a garden, provided they are kept in a very airy growing medium such as pine bark that allows the root system to breathe. Their roots serve primarily as hold-fasts to grip their canopy perches and are adapted poorly to absorb nutrients, which is instead obtained through leaf litter, animal droppings and rainfall that collects in the prominent central cup exhibited by most species in the genus. They have mostly broad, relatively flat leaves often marked brightly with red, purple or yellow pigments which serve to protect the green photosynthetic tissues from sunburn and through selective breeding and hybridization, thousands of cultivars in many color combinations, many also striped with white, have been produced.[citation needed]

The inflorescences of these plants form in the shallow central depression - the "cup" - of the plant, which often partially fills with water, through which the flowers bloom. Neoregelias, like most bromeliads, bloom only once in their lifetime and then begin to die, but normally not before producing several pups - small clones of the parent plant - around the central flowering rosette on stolons.[3] These offshoots eventually replace the mother plant and form a cluster around it - although in cultivation, the offshoots can be severed and replanted when about two-thirds the size of the adult plant. The leaves immediately surrounding the inflorescence are very often brightly colored, even in species otherwise not brightly marked - an adaptation to attract pollinating insects.

Cultivation edit

Neoregelia bromeliads and their hybrids, due to their varied forms and beautiful colors, are commonly cultivated as houseplants, or in warm climates as landscape plants. They are particularly suitable for vivarium culture. Their needs are simple, mainly consisting of bright light (most forms will revert to green if lighting is sub-optimal) and an airy growing medium - some species do not do well in soil and will be prone to rot due to their nature as epiphytes.

In temperate regions where temperatures fall below 10 °C (50 °F), they must be grown under glass or as houseplants.[3] There are over 5000 registered cultivars.[citation needed]

Symbiosis edit

Neoregelias are utilized by many species of poison dart frog to reproduce. The frogs raise their tadpoles in the security of the water-filled cup in the bromeliads' rosettes, allowing them to stay in the relative safety of the treetops and not have to venture to a pool on the ground where predators are likely much more numerous. Waste products from the frogs and their offspring, once deposited into the cup, are utilized by the plant for nourishment.[4]

Subgenera edit

As of November 2022, the Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads recognized three subgenera:[5]

A former subgenus, N. subg. Hylaeaicum, was elevated to the genus Hylaeaicum in 2021.[6]

Species edit

As of November 2022, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:[7]

Former species edit

Species transferred to Hylaeaicum include:

Gallery edit

  •  
    Neoregelia 'Perfection' plant
  •  
    Neoregelia 'Perfection' closeup
  •  
    Photo of a Neoregelia at the United States Botanic Garden.
  •  
    Neoregelia 'Yellow Devil' flower emerging from submerged inflorescence.

References edit

  1. ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ^ . Archived from the original on 2007-02-03. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  3. ^ a b RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
  4. ^ https://www.aqua.org/blog/2013/July/the-life-cycle-of-poison-dart-frogs-explained
  5. ^ Gouda, E.J.; Butcher, D.; Gouda, C.S. (2022). "genus Neoregelia L.B.Sm". Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads. Utrecht University Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 2022-11-06.
  6. ^ Leme, Elton M. C.; Zizka, Georg; Paule, Juraj; Aguirre-Santoro, Julián; Heller, Sascha; Ramírez-Morillo, Ivón M.; Halbritter, Heidemarie; Mariath, Jorge E. A.; Carvalho, Jordano D. T. De & Forzza, Rafaela C. (2021). "Re-evaluation of the Amazonian Hylaeaicum (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on neglected morphological traits and molecular evidence". Phytotaxa. 499 (1): 1–60. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.499.1.1. S2CID 235568878.
  7. ^ "Neoregelia L.B.Sm.", Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2022-11-22[dead link]

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Neoregelia.
  • photos

January 01, 1970
neoregelia, this, article, uses, bare, urls, which, uninformative, vulnerable, link, please, consider, converting, them, full, citations, ensure, article, remains, verifiable, maintains, consistent, citation, style, several, templates, tools, available, assist. This article uses bare URLs which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting such as reFill documentation and Citation bot documentation September 2022 Learn how and when to remove this message Neoregelia is a genus of epiphytic flowering plants in the family Bromeliaceae subfamily Bromelioideae native to South American rainforests 1 The genus name is for Eduard August von Regel Director of St Petersburg Botanic Gardens in Russia 1875 1892 2 Neoregelia Neoregelia in bloom at a botanical garden Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Monocots Clade Commelinids Order Poales Family Bromeliaceae Subfamily Bromelioideae Genus NeoregeliaL B Sm Subgenera See text Synonyms 1 Regelia Lem Lindm 1890 illegitimate homonym not Schauer 1843 nor H Wendl 1865 Contents 1 Description 2 Cultivation 3 Symbiosis 4 Subgenera 5 Species 5 1 Former species 6 Gallery 7 References 8 External linksDescription editNeoregelias are epiphytic plants meaning they grow attached to the branches of forest trees they do not naturally grow on soil though they can be cultivated on the ground in controlled conditions such as a garden provided they are kept in a very airy growing medium such as pine bark that allows the root system to breathe Their roots serve primarily as hold fasts to grip their canopy perches and are adapted poorly to absorb nutrients which is instead obtained through leaf litter animal droppings and rainfall that collects in the prominent central cup exhibited by most species in the genus They have mostly broad relatively flat leaves often marked brightly with red purple or yellow pigments which serve to protect the green photosynthetic tissues from sunburn and through selective breeding and hybridization thousands of cultivars in many color combinations many also striped with white have been produced citation needed The inflorescences of these plants form in the shallow central depression the cup of the plant which often partially fills with water through which the flowers bloom Neoregelias like most bromeliads bloom only once in their lifetime and then begin to die but normally not before producing several pups small clones of the parent plant around the central flowering rosette on stolons 3 These offshoots eventually replace the mother plant and form a cluster around it although in cultivation the offshoots can be severed and replanted when about two thirds the size of the adult plant The leaves immediately surrounding the inflorescence are very often brightly colored even in species otherwise not brightly marked an adaptation to attract pollinating insects Cultivation editNeoregelia bromeliads and their hybrids due to their varied forms and beautiful colors are commonly cultivated as houseplants or in warm climates as landscape plants They are particularly suitable for vivarium culture Their needs are simple mainly consisting of bright light most forms will revert to green if lighting is sub optimal and an airy growing medium some species do not do well in soil and will be prone to rot due to their nature as epiphytes In temperate regions where temperatures fall below 10 C 50 F they must be grown under glass or as houseplants 3 There are over 5000 registered cultivars citation needed Symbiosis editNeoregelias are utilized by many species of poison dart frog to reproduce The frogs raise their tadpoles in the security of the water filled cup in the bromeliads rosettes allowing them to stay in the relative safety of the treetops and not have to venture to a pool on the ground where predators are likely much more numerous Waste products from the frogs and their offspring once deposited into the cup are utilized by the plant for nourishment 4 Subgenera editAs of November 2022 update the Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads recognized three subgenera 5 N subg Longipetalopsis Leme N subg Neoregelia N subg Protoregelia W Till amp Leme A former subgenus N subg Hylaeaicum was elevated to the genus Hylaeaicum in 2021 6 Species editAs of November 2022 update Plants of the World Online accepted the following species 7 Neoregelia abendrothae L B Sm Neoregelia altocaririensis Leme amp L Kollmann Neoregelia alvimii Roeth Neoregelia amandae W Weber Neoregelia ampullacea E Morren L B Sm Neoregelia angustibracteolata E Pereira amp Leme Neoregelia angustifolia E Pereira Neoregelia atroviridifolia W Weber amp Roeth Neoregelia azevedoi Leme Neoregelia bahiana Ule L B Sm Neoregelia binotii E Morren L B Sm Neoregelia bragarum E Pereira amp L B Sm Leme Neoregelia brevifolia L B Sm amp Reitz Neoregelia brigadeirensis C C Paula amp Leme Neoregelia brownii Leme Neoregelia burlemarxii Read also spelt Neoregelia burle marxii Neoregelia camorimiana E Pereira amp I A Penna Neoregelia capixaba E Pereira amp Leme Neoregelia carcharodon Jacob Makoy ex Wittm L B Sm Neoregelia carinata Leme Neoregelia carolinae Beer L B Sm Neoregelia cathcartii C F Reed amp Read Neoregelia chlorosticta E Morren L B Sm Neoregelia coimbrae E Pereira amp Leme Neoregelia compacta Mez L B Sm Neoregelia concentrica Vell L B Sm Neoregelia coriacea Antoine L B Sm Neoregelia correia araujoi E Pereira amp I A Penna Neoregelia crispata Leme Neoregelia cruenta Graham L B Sm Neoregelia cyanea Beer L B Sm Neoregelia dactyloflammans Leme amp L Kollmann Neoregelia dayvidiana Leme amp A P Fontana Neoregelia desenganensis Leme Neoregelia diversifolia E Pereira Neoregelia doeringiana L B Sm Neoregelia dungsiana E Pereira Neoregelia eltoniana W Weber Neoregelia farinosa Ule L B Sm Neoregelia fluminensis L B Sm Neoregelia fosteriana L B Sm Neoregelia gavionensis Martinelli amp Leme Neoregelia gigas Leme amp L Kollmann Neoregelia guttata Leme Neoregelia hoehneana L B Sm Neoregelia ibitipocensis Leme Leme Neoregelia ilhana Leme Neoregelia indecora Mez L B Sm Neoregelia inexspectata Leme Neoregelia insulana Leme Neoregelia johannis Carriere L B Sm Neoregelia johnsoniae H Luther Neoregelia kautskyi E Pereira Neoregelia kerryi Leme also spelt Neoregelia kerryae Neoregelia kuhlmannii L B Sm Neoregelia lactea H Luther amp Leme Neoregelia laevis Mez L B Sm Neoregelia leprosa L B Sm Neoregelia leucophoea Baker L B Sm Neoregelia lilliputiana E Pereira Neoregelia lillyae W Weber Neoregelia longipedicellata Leme Neoregelia longisepala E Pereira amp I A Penna Neoregelia lymaniana R Braga amp Sucre Neoregelia macahensis Ule L B Sm Neoregelia macrosepala L B Sm Neoregelia maculata L B Sm Neoregelia magdalenae L B Sm amp Reitz Neoregelia marmorata Baker L B Sm Neoregelia martinellii W Weber Neoregelia mcwilliamsii L B Sm Neoregelia melanodonta L B Sm Neoregelia menescalii Leme Neoregelia mucugensis Leme Neoregelia nevaresii Leme amp H Luther Neoregelia nivea Leme Neoregelia odorata Leme Neoregelia olens Hook f L B Sm Neoregelia oligantha L B Sm Neoregelia paratiensis Leme Neoregelia pascoaliana L B Sm Neoregelia pauciflora L B Sm Neoregelia paulistana E Pereira Neoregelia pernambucana Leme amp J A Siqueira Neoregelia petropolitana Leme Neoregelia pineliana Lem L B Sm Neoregelia pontualii Leme Neoregelia princeps Baker L B Sm Neoregelia punctatissima Ruschi Ruschi Neoregelia retrorsa Leme amp L Kollmann Neoregelia richteri W Weber Neoregelia roethii W Weber Neoregelia rothinessa Leme H Luther amp W Till Neoregelia rubrifolia Ruschi Neoregelia rubrovittata Leme Neoregelia ruschii Leme amp B R Silva Neoregelia sanguinea Leme Neoregelia sapiatibensis E Pereira amp I A Penna Neoregelia sarmentosa Regel L B Sm Neoregelia schubertii Roeth Neoregelia seideliana L B Sm amp Reitz Neoregelia silvimontana Leme amp J A Siqueira Neoregelia simulans L B Sm Neoregelia smithii W Weber Neoregelia spectabilis Antoine L B Sm Neoregelia spiralipetala Leme Wand amp S E Martins Neoregelia tenebrosa Leme Neoregelia tigrina Ruschi Ruschi Neoregelia tristis Beer L B Sm Neoregelia uleana L B Sm Neoregelia viridolineata Leme Neoregelia viridovinosa Leme amp L Kollmann Neoregelia watersiana Leme Neoregelia wilsoniana M B Foster Neoregelia zaslawskyi E Pereira amp Leme Neoregelia zonata L B Sm Former species edit Species transferred to Hylaeaicum include Neoregelia eleutheropetala Ule L B Sm Hylaeaicum eleutheropetalum Ule Leme amp Forzza Neoregelia leviana L B Sm Hylaeaicum levianum L B Sm Leme amp Forzza Neoregelia margaretae L B Sm Hylaeaicum margaretae L B Sm Leme amp Forzza Neoregelia mooreana L B Sm Hylaeaicum mooreanum L B Sm Leme Zizka amp Aguirre Santoro Neoregelia myrmecophila Ule L B Sm Hylaeaicum myrmecophilum Ule Leme amp Forzza Neoregelia pendula L B Sm Hylaeaicum pendulum L B Sm Leme Zizka amp Aguirre Santoro Neoregelia rosea L B Sm Hylaeaicum roseum L B Sm Leme Zizka amp Aguirre Santoro Neoregelia stolonifera Hylaeaicum stoloniferum L B Sm Leme Zizka amp Aguirre SantoroGallery edit nbsp Neoregelia Perfection plant nbsp Neoregelia Perfection closeup nbsp Photo of a Neoregelia at the United States Botanic Garden nbsp Neoregelia Yellow Devil flower emerging from submerged inflorescence References edit a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Bromeliad Info Genera Etymology Archived from the original on 2007 02 03 Retrieved 2009 10 19 a b RHS A Z encyclopedia of garden plants United Kingdom Dorling Kindersley 2008 p 1136 ISBN 978 1405332965 https www aqua org blog 2013 July the life cycle of poison dart frogs explained Gouda E J Butcher D Gouda C S 2022 genus Neoregelia L B Sm Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads Utrecht University Botanic Gardens Retrieved 2022 11 06 Leme Elton M C Zizka Georg Paule Juraj Aguirre Santoro Julian Heller Sascha Ramirez Morillo Ivon M Halbritter Heidemarie Mariath Jorge E A Carvalho Jordano D T De amp Forzza Rafaela C 2021 Re evaluation of the Amazonian Hylaeaicum Bromeliaceae Bromelioideae based on neglected morphological traits and molecular evidence Phytotaxa 499 1 1 60 doi 10 11646 phytotaxa 499 1 1 S2CID 235568878 Neoregelia L B Sm Plants of the World Online Royal Botanic Gardens Kew retrieved 2022 11 22 dead link External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Neoregelia BSI Genera Gallery photos Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Neoregelia amp oldid 1187529366, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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