The National Syndicalist Movement (Portuguese: Movimento Nacional-Sindicalista) was a political movement that briefly flourished in Portugal in the 1930s. Stanley G. Payne defines them as a fascist movement in his typography.[3]
The MNS emerged amongst a group of students who were associated with the Liga Nacional 28 de maio but had grown disillusioned with its right-wing economic platform.[4] Under the leadership of Francisco Rolão Preto, the National Syndicalists emerged in 1932 from a tradition of Monarchism and Integralismo Lusitano ("LusitanicIntegralism") to offer a platform that they hoped would lead to full corporatism of association or unionism in opposition to capitalism and communism.[4] They called for a totalitarian state to rule Portugal, although they placed central importance on the Catholic Church and made Catholic identity an important part of their appeal.[4] They adopted the Order of Christ Cross as their emblem, in order to underline their Christianethos, and set up their own armed militia that became known as the "Blueshirts" (Camisas azuis) because of the colour of their uniforms (inspired by Benito Mussolini's Blackshirts); they also greeted each other using the Roman salute. Their main inspiration was Italian fascism although they were also linked to the Spanish Falange, who shared many of their ideas. Nonetheless Rolão Preto clashed with José Antonio Primo de Rivera, whom he dubbed "too capitalist", and the MNS also hinted at wishing to add Spanish Galicia to Portugal, a further source of tension with the Falangist.[4]Brigadas de choque, a form of stormtrooper organisation, were established by the MNS although rarely utilised, with street battles not really a feature of Portuguese politics at the time.[5] They grew rapidly in their early stages and were estimated to have 25,000 members by 1933, 5,000 more than the governing National Union.[4] The National Syndicalists were fairly critical of the regime of António de Oliveira Salazar and the Estado Novo.
Salazar allowed the group to hold a national conference in November 1933 and indicating if they abandoned open syndicalism he would be prepared to bring them into his National Union en bloc.[5] Whilst this proposal was not accepted by the MNS as a group many members approved, resulting in a split within the movement in early 1934, with many of those in favour of the moderate approach rewarded with positions within Salazar's government.[5] Salazar announced the dissolution of the group on July 29, 1934, condemning the group for its defense of syndicalism.
Salazar used to call the MNS "National Communists".[citation needed]
Despite this official end the National Syndicalists carried on in secret and Rolão Preto helped to lead a conspiracy against the government, which also involved moderate monarchists, some members of the Portuguese Republican Party, and even a few socialists and anarchists who simply wanted to overthrow the regime. The revolt took place on September 10, 1935 but it failed to gain the support of all but a small group of soldiers on board the Bartolomeu Dias warship and in the Lisbon area of Penha de França, being crushed almost immediately. As a result of this Rolão Preto and his deputy Alberto Monsaraz were forced into exile in Spain and the National Syndicalists were fully repressed. The dissidents of the National Syndicalists were subsequently integrated in the União Nacional.
Costa Pinto, António (2000). The Blue Shirts - Portuguese Fascists and the New State. Social Science Monographs, Boulder - Distributed by Columbia University Press, NY. ISBN088033-9829.
Costa Pinto, Antonio. 2019. "The Portuguese “Blue Shirts” and Salazar’s “New State”" in Reactionary Nationalists, Fascists and Dictatorships in the Twentieth Century. Springer.
S. U. Larsen, B. Hagtvet & J. P. Myklebust, Who Were the Fascists: Social Roots of European Fascism, Oslo, 1980
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources National Syndicalists Portugal news newspapers books scholar JSTOR October 2014 Learn how and when to remove this message The National Syndicalist Movement Portuguese Movimento Nacional Sindicalista was a political movement that briefly flourished in Portugal in the 1930s Stanley G Payne defines them as a fascist movement in his typography 3 National Syndicalist Movement Movimento Nacional SindicalistaFounderFrancisco Rolao PretoFounded1932 92 years ago 1932 Banned29 July 1934 89 years ago 29 July 1934 1 Preceded byIntegralismo LusitanoNewspaperRevolucaoIdeologyNational syndicalismClerical fascismPolitical positionFar rightReligionCatholic ChurchColours BlueParty flag 2 Politics of PortugalPolitical partiesElections Contents 1 Development 2 See also 3 References 3 1 Bibliography 3 2 FootnotesDevelopment editThe MNS emerged amongst a group of students who were associated with the Liga Nacional 28 de maio but had grown disillusioned with its right wing economic platform 4 Under the leadership of Francisco Rolao Preto the National Syndicalists emerged in 1932 from a tradition of Monarchism and Integralismo Lusitano Lusitanic Integralism to offer a platform that they hoped would lead to full corporatism of association or unionism in opposition to capitalism and communism 4 They called for a totalitarian state to rule Portugal although they placed central importance on the Catholic Church and made Catholic identity an important part of their appeal 4 They adopted the Order of Christ Cross as their emblem in order to underline their Christian ethos and set up their own armed militia that became known as the Blueshirts Camisas azuis because of the colour of their uniforms inspired by Benito Mussolini s Blackshirts they also greeted each other using the Roman salute Their main inspiration was Italian fascism although they were also linked to the Spanish Falange who shared many of their ideas Nonetheless Rolao Preto clashed with Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera whom he dubbed too capitalist and the MNS also hinted at wishing to add Spanish Galicia to Portugal a further source of tension with the Falangist 4 Brigadas de choque a form of stormtrooper organisation were established by the MNS although rarely utilised with street battles not really a feature of Portuguese politics at the time 5 They grew rapidly in their early stages and were estimated to have 25 000 members by 1933 5 000 more than the governing National Union 4 The National Syndicalists were fairly critical of the regime of Antonio de Oliveira Salazar and the Estado Novo Salazar allowed the group to hold a national conference in November 1933 and indicating if they abandoned open syndicalism he would be prepared to bring them into his National Union en bloc 5 Whilst this proposal was not accepted by the MNS as a group many members approved resulting in a split within the movement in early 1934 with many of those in favour of the moderate approach rewarded with positions within Salazar s government 5 Salazar announced the dissolution of the group on July 29 1934 condemning the group for its defense of syndicalism Salazar used to call the MNS National Communists citation needed Despite this official end the National Syndicalists carried on in secret and Rolao Preto helped to lead a conspiracy against the government which also involved moderate monarchists some members of the Portuguese Republican Party and even a few socialists and anarchists who simply wanted to overthrow the regime The revolt took place on September 10 1935 but it failed to gain the support of all but a small group of soldiers on board the Bartolomeu Dias warship and in the Lisbon area of Penha de Franca being crushed almost immediately As a result of this Rolao Preto and his deputy Alberto Monsaraz were forced into exile in Spain and the National Syndicalists were fully repressed The dissidents of the National Syndicalists were subsequently integrated in the Uniao Nacional See also editNational SyndicalismReferences editBibliography edit Costa Pinto Antonio 2000 The Blue Shirts Portuguese Fascists and the New State Social Science Monographs Boulder Distributed by Columbia University Press NY ISBN 088033 9829 Costa Pinto Antonio 2019 The Portuguese Blue Shirts and Salazar s New State in Reactionary Nationalists Fascists and Dictatorships in the Twentieth Century Springer S U Larsen B Hagtvet amp J P Myklebust Who Were the Fascists Social Roots of European Fascism Oslo 1980 Payne Stanley G 2001 A History of Fascism 1914 1945 London Routledge ISBN 0 203 50132 2 Footnotes edit officially Archived copy Archived from the original on 2019 04 28 Retrieved 2019 04 28 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Payne 2001 p 15 a b c d e Payne p 314 a b c Payne p 315 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title National Syndicalists Portugal amp oldid 1218093674, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
