Mac OS 9
Mac OS 9 is the ninth major release of Apple's classic Mac OS operating system which was succeeded by Mac OS X (renamed to OS X in 2011 and macOS in 2016) in 2001. Introduced on October 23, 1999, it was promoted by Apple as "The Best Internet Operating System Ever",[2] highlighting Sherlock 2's Internet search capabilities, integration with Apple's free online services known as iTools and improved Open Transport networking. While Mac OS 9 lacks protected memory and full pre-emptive multitasking,[3] lasting improvements include the introduction of an automated Software Update engine and support for multiple users.
| Version of the classic Mac OS operating system | |
Screenshot of Mac OS 9.0.4 | |
| Developer | Apple Computer |
|---|---|
| OS family | Macintosh |
| Working state | Historic, not supported |
| Source model | Closed source |
| Released to manufacturing | October 23, 1999 |
| Latest release | 9.2.2 / December 5, 2001[1] |
| Kernel type | Nanokernel |
| License | Proprietary |
| Preceded by | Mac OS 8 |
| Succeeded by | |
| Official website | at the Wayback Machine (archived November 9, 2000) |
| Tagline | Your Internet co-pilot. |
| Support status | |
| Historical, unsupported as of February 1, 2002 | |
Apple discontinued development of Mac OS 9 in late 2001, transitioning all future development to Mac OS X. The final updates to Mac OS 9 addressed compatibility issues with Mac OS X while running in the Classic Environment and compatibility with Carbon applications. At the 2002 Worldwide Developers Conference, Steve Jobs began his keynote address by staging a mock funeral for OS 9.[4]
Features
Apple billed Mac OS 9 as including "50 new features" and heavily marketed its Sherlock 2 software, which introduced a "channels" feature for searching different online resources and introduced a QuickTime-like metallic appearance. Mac OS 9 also featured integrated support for Apple's suite of Internet services known as iTools (later re-branded as .Mac, then MobileMe, which was replaced by iCloud) and included improved TCP/IP functionality with Open Transport 2.5.
Other features new to Mac OS 9 include:[5]
- Integrated support for multiple user accounts without using At Ease.
- Support for voice login through VoicePrint passwords.
- Keychain, a feature allowing users to save passwords and textual data encrypted in protected keychains.
- A Software Update control panel for automatic download and installation of Apple system software updates.
- A redesigned Sound control panel and support for USB audio.
- Speakable Items 2.0, also known as PlainTalk, featuring improved speech synthesis and recognition along with AppleScript integration.[6]
- Improved font management through FontSync.
- Remote Access Personal Server 3.5, including support for TCP/IP clients over Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP).
- An updated version of AppleScript with support for TCP/IP.
- Personal File Sharing over TCP/IP.
- USB Printer Sharing, a control panel allowing certain USB printers to be shared across a TCP/IP network.
- 128-bit file encryption in the Finder.
- Support for files larger than 2 GB.
- Unix volume support.
- CD Burning in the Finder (introduced in Mac OS 9.1).
- Addition of a "Window" menu to the Finder (introduced in Mac OS 9.1)
Mac OS 9 and the Classic Environment
PowerPC versions of Mac OS X prior to 10.5 include a compatibility layer (a shell) called Classic, enabling users to run applications and hardware requiring Mac OS 9 from within OS X. This is achieved through running Mac OS 9 without access to its Finder inside OS X. This requires Mac OS 9 to be installed on the computer even though most computers that can run the Classic environment are not necessarily able to boot into Mac OS 9. Some Mac OS 9 applications do not run well in Classic. They demonstrate screen redraw problems and lagging performance. In addition, some drivers and other software which directly interact with the hardware fail to work properly.
In May 2002, at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference in San Jose, California, Steve Jobs, accompanied by a coffin, held a mock funeral[4] to announce that Apple had stopped development of Mac OS 9. Mac OS 9.2.2, released in December 2001, was the final version of Mac OS 9 and the "classic" Mac OS.
In June 2005, Jobs announced that the Macintosh platform would be transitioning to Intel x86 microprocessors. Developer documentation of the Rosetta PowerPC emulation layer revealed that applications written for Mac OS 8 or 9 would not run on x86-based Macs. The Classic Environment remains in the PowerPC version of 10.4; however, x86 versions of OS X do not support the Classic environment.
Mac OS 9 can be emulated by using SheepShaver, a PowerPC emulator available on multiple operating systems, including Intel-based Macs. However, SheepShaver cannot run Mac OS versions newer than 9.0.4, as there is no support for a memory management unit. The PearPC PowerPC emulator does not support Mac OS 9.[7] QEMU has experimental support for running Mac OS 9 using PowerPC G4 emulation.[8]
The majority of G4 Macs released in 2003 that have a 1 GHz and higher processor cannot boot into Mac OS 9 outside of the Classic environment as the "Mac OS ROM" was never updated to allow those Macs, which were developed during the OS X era, to directly boot it (All G5 Macs cannot boot into Mac OS 9 at all since Mac OS 9 does not recognize the G5 processors, and therefore can only be run under the Classic environment).
An exception to this rule is the 1 GHz "Antimony" Titanium PowerBook G4 released in November 2002, which is able to boot both Mac OS 9 and Mac OS X natively and is installed in a “dual-boot” configuration (with Mac OS X being selected by default). However, this was the final PowerBook that could natively boot into Mac OS 9 officially at the fastest speed of 1 GHz. Furthermore, the 1 GHz and 1.25 GHz "Mirrored Drive Doors" Power Mac G4 released in August 2002 and re-released in June 2003 were also able to boot into Mac OS 9 natively and is one of the last Macs to officially boot into Mac OS 9, again at faster speeds up to 1.25 GHz.
In recent years, unofficial patches for Mac OS 9 and the "Mac OS ROM" have been made to allow unsupported G4 Macs to boot into Mac OS 9, though this is not officially supported by Apple.[9]
Other uses
Aside from Apple-branded hardware that is still maintained and operated, Mac OS 9 can be operated in other environments such as Windows and Unix.[10] For example, the aforementioned SheepShaver software was initially not designed for use on x86 platforms and required an actual PowerPC processor present in the machine it was running on similar to a hypervisor. Although it provides PowerPC processor support, it can only run up to Mac OS 9.0.4 because it does not emulate a memory management unit.
Version history
| Version | Release date | Changes | Codename | Computer | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| October 23, 1999 |
| Sonata | iMac G3 | 99 USD | |
| 9.0.2 | February 2000 (Shipped with Macs) |
| — | PowerBook (FireWire) | Only shipped with referred Macs |
| 9.0.3 | March 2000 (Shipped with Macs) | iMac/iMac DV/iMac DV SE | |||
| April 4, 2000 |
| Minuet | iMac G3 (slot loading) | Free Update | |
| January 9, 2001 |
| Fortissimo | iBook 14 inch and 12 inch | ||
| 9.2 | June 18, 2001 (Shipped with Macs) |
| Moonlight | Power Mac G4 (QuickSilver) | Only shipped with referred Macs |
| 9.2.1 | August 21, 2001 |
| Limelight | iBook (Late 2001), PowerBook G4 (Gigabit Ethernet) | Free Update |
| 9.2.2 | December 5, 2001 |
| LU1 | eMac |
Updates to Mac OS 9 include 9.0.4, 9.1, 9.2.1, and 9.2.2. Mac OS 9.0.4 was a collection of bug fixes primarily relating to USB and FireWire support. Mac OS 9.1 included integrated CD burning support in the Macintosh Finder and added a new Window menu in the Finder for switching between open windows. Mac OS 9.2 increased performance noticeably and improved Classic Environment support.
Compatibility
| Macintosh Model | 9.0[11] | 9.1[11] | 9.2.1[11] | 9.2.2[11] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Power Macintosh 6100 | Yes | Yes: Must install from CD | No | |
| Power Macintosh 7100 | ||||
| Power Macintosh 8100 | ||||
| PowerBook 2300 | Yes | |||
| PowerBook 2400c[C] | ||||
| PowerBook 5300 | ||||
| PowerBook 1400[C] | Partial: Password Security unsupported | |||
| PowerBook 3400[C] | Yes: Hard disk driver must not be updated | |||
| Power Macintosh 5200 LC | Yes | |||
| Power Macintosh 5300 LC | ||||
| Power Macintosh 5500[C] | ||||
| Power Macintosh 4400 | ||||
| Power Macintosh 6200[C] | ||||
| Power Macintosh 6300[C] | ||||
| Power Macintosh 6400[C] | ||||
| Power Macintosh 6500[C] | ||||
| Power Macintosh 7200[C] | ||||
| Power Macintosh 7300[C] | ||||
| Power Macintosh 7500[C] | ||||
| Power Macintosh 8500[C] | ||||
| Power Macintosh 7600[C] | ||||
| Power Macintosh 8600[C] | ||||
| Power Macintosh 9600[C] | ||||
| Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh[C] | ||||
| PowerBook G3 | ||||
| PowerBook G3 Series | Yes | Yes | ||
| PowerBook (FireWire) | Yes: Machine-specific version only | |||
| PowerBook G4[A] | No | Yes: Machine-specific version only | ||
| PowerBook G4 (Gigabit Ethernet)[A] | No | Yes: Machine-specific version only | ||
| PowerBook G4 (DVI)[A] | No | Yes: Machine-specific version only | ||
| PowerBook G4 (1 GHz/867 MHz)[A] | ||||
| PowerBook G4 (12-inch)[B] | Partial: Classic Environment only | |||
| PowerBook G4 (17-inch)[B] | ||||
| PowerBook G4 (12-inch DVI)[B] | ||||
| PowerBook G4 (12-inch 1.33 GHz)[B] | ||||
| PowerBook G4 (12-inch 1.5 GHz)[B] | ||||
| PowerBook G4 (15-inch FW 800)[B] | ||||
| PowerBook G4 (15-inch 1.5/1.33 GHz)[B] | ||||
| PowerBook G4 (17-inch 1.33 GHz)[B] | ||||
| PowerBook G4 (17-inch 1.5 GHz)[B] | ||||
| iBook | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| iBook (FireWire) | Yes: Machine-specific version only | |||
| iBook (Dual USB)[A] | No | Yes: Machine-specific version only | ||
| iBook (Late 2001)[A] | ||||
| iBook (14.1 LCD)[A] | No | Partial: Classic Environment only | ||
| iBook (16 VRAM)[A] | ||||
| iBook (Opaque 16 VRAM)[A] | ||||
| iBook (32 VRAM)[A] | ||||
| iBook (14.1 LCD 32 VRAM)[A] | ||||
| iBook (Early 2003)[A] | Yes: Machine-specific version only | |||
| iBook G4[B] | Partial: Classic Environment only | |||
| iBook G4 (14-inch)[B] | ||||
| iBook G4 (Early 2004)[B] | ||||
| Power Macintosh G3 All-In-One | Yes | |||
| Power Macintosh G3 | ||||
| Power Macintosh G3 (Blue and White) | ||||
| iMac G3 | ||||
| iMac G3 (266 MHz, 333 MHz) | ||||
| iMac G3 (Slot Loading) | ||||
| iMac G3 (Summer 2000) | Yes: Machine-specific version only | Yes | Yes | |
| iMac G3 (Early 2001)[A] | No | Yes: Machine-specific version only | ||
| iMac G3 (Summer 2001)[A] | ||||
| iMac G4[A] | No | Yes | ||
| iMac G4 (February 2003)[B] | Partial: Classic Environment only | |||
| iMac G4 (17-inch 1 GHz)[B] | ||||
| iMac G4 (USB 2.0)[B] | ||||
| iMac G5[B] | ||||
| iMac G5 (Ambient Light Sensor)[B] | ||||
| iMac G5 (iSight)[B] | ||||
| eMac[A] | Yes | |||
| eMac (ATI Graphics CD-ROM drive)[A] | Yes: Machine-specific version only | |||
| eMac (ATI Graphics Combo drive)[A] | ||||
| eMac (ATI Graphics SuperDrive)[B] | Partial: Classic Environment only | |||
| eMac (USB 2.0)[B] | ||||
| eMac (2005)[B] | ||||
| Power Mac G4 (PCI Graphics) | Yes | Yes | ||
| Power Mac G4 (AGP Graphics) | ||||
| Power Mac G4 (Gigabit Ethernet) | Yes: Machine-specific version only | |||
| Power Mac G4 Cube | ||||
| Power Mac G4 (Digital Audio)[A] | No | Yes: Machine-specific version only | Yes | |
| Power Mac G4 (QuickSilver)[A] | No | |||
| Power Mac G4 (QuickSilver 2002)[A] | No | Yes: Machine-specific version only | ||
| Power Mac G4 (Mirrored Drive Doors)[A] | ||||
| Power Mac G4 (FW 800)[B] | Partial: Classic Environment only | |||
| Power Mac G4 (Mirrored Drive Doors 2003)[A] | Yes: Machine-specific version only | |||
| Power Mac G5 | Partial: Classic Environment only | |||
| Power Mac G5 (June 2004) | ||||
| Power Mac G5 (Late 2004) | ||||
| Power Mac G5 (Early 2005) | ||||
| Power Mac G5 (Late 2005) | ||||
| Mac Mini (G4)[B] | ||||
- 1Some newest G3 and most G4 Macs can only run at least Mac OS 9.1, and some only run at least Mac OS 9.2. This is because the late development of G3 Macs and the mid-development of G4 Macs was during the development of Mac OS 9 and only the versions the G4 Macs support were designed to be compatible with those G4 Macs.
- 1Some newest G4 and all G5 Macs can only run at least Mac OS 9.2, and can only run its compatible versions of Mac OS 9 in OS X's Classic Environment because the "Mac OS ROM" was never updated to allow those Macs, which were developed during the OS X era, to directly boot it (but probably continued to run in userspace, with the restriction that it would only run at least Mac OS 9.2, so it was still supported in the Classic Environment).
- 1Although Mac OS 9.2 to 9.2.2 officially requires a G3 processor, certain second generation Power Macs can be made to run it using the tool "OS9 Helper", allowing for such benefits like support for ATI's latest classic Mac OS drivers, full iPod compatibility, and the ability to run DVD Studio Pro 1.5 or 1.2.1 and Final Cut Pro 3, among other things.[12][13]
See also
| Timeline of Mac operating systems |
|---|
References
- ^ https://support.apple.com/kb/DL1293?locale=en_US
- ^ "October 23, 1999: Mac OS 9 Released". AppleMatters.com. Retrieved 2009-11-28.
- ^ . Apple.com. Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
- ^ a b "Apple WWDC 2002-The Death Of Mac OS 9". YouTube.com. from the original on 2010-04-18. Retrieved 2010-03-16.
- ^ . Apple.com. Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
- ^ . Apple.com. Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
- ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". PearPC Developers. from the original on 2006-11-15. Retrieved 2006-11-16.
- ^ "Emulate Mac OS 9 With QEMU". James Badger. 2018-11-07. Retrieved 2021-03-08.
- ^ "Mac OS 9 booting on: Previously Unspported G4 Models (Summary "Current state")".
- ^ "E-Maculation wiki". from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2012.
- ^ a b c d "Mac OS 8 and 9 compatibility with Macintosh computers". Apple Inc. from the original on 2009-03-04. Retrieved 2009-02-28.
- ^ "Other World Computing: OS 9 Forever". eshop.macsales.com.
- ^
External links
- at the Wayback Machine (archived March 30, 2009) from apple.com
- at the Wayback Machine (archived February 23, 2004) from apple.com
- at the Wayback Machine (archived April 4, 2004) from apple.com TN1176 Mac OS 9 }} from apple.com
- at the Wayback Machine (archived March 3, 2008)