The Nambikwaran languages are a language family of half a dozen languages, all spoken in the state of Mato Grosso in Brazil. They have traditionally been considered dialects of a single language, but at least three of them are mutually unintelligible.
The varieties of Mamaindê are often seen as dialects of a single language but are treated as separate Northern Nambikwaran languages by Ethnologue. Sabanê is a single speech community and thus has no dialects, while the Nambikwara language has been described as having eleven.[1]
The total number of speakers is estimated to be about 1,000, with Nambikwara proper being 80% of that number.[2] Most Nambikwara are monolingual but some young men speak Portuguese.[3] Especially the men of the Sabanê group are trilingual, speaking both Portuguese and Mamainde.[4]
^Price, David P. 1978. The Nambiquara linguistic family. Anthropological Linguistics 20 (1): 14–37.
^ abJolkesky, Marcelo Pinho De Valhery. 2016. Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Brasília.
^ abLoukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
^Price, D. (1978). The Nambiquara Linguistic Family. In Anthropological Linguistics, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 14-37. Published by: Trustees of Indiana University. Accessed from DiACL, 9 February 2020.
December 15, 2023
nambikwaran, languages, language, family, half, dozen, languages, spoken, state, mato, grosso, brazil, they, have, traditionally, been, considered, dialects, single, language, least, three, them, mutually, unintelligible, mamaindê, nambikwara, sabanê, nambikwa. The Nambikwaran languages are a language family of half a dozen languages all spoken in the state of Mato Grosso in Brazil They have traditionally been considered dialects of a single language but at least three of them are mutually unintelligible Mamainde 250 340 Nambikwara 720 Sabane 3 NambikwaranGeographicdistributionMato Grosso Rondonia and Para in BrazilLinguistic classificationOne of the world s primary language familiesSubdivisionsMamainde Nambikwara SabaneGlottolognamb1299 The varieties of Mamainde are often seen as dialects of a single language but are treated as separate Northern Nambikwaran languages by Ethnologue Sabane is a single speech community and thus has no dialects while the Nambikwara language has been described as having eleven 1 The total number of speakers is estimated to be about 1 000 with Nambikwara proper being 80 of that number 2 Most Nambikwara are monolingual but some young men speak Portuguese 3 Especially the men of the Sabane group are trilingual speaking both Portuguese and Mamainde 4 Contents 1 Genetic relations 2 Language contact 3 Varieties 3 1 Jolkesky 2016 3 2 Loukotka 1968 3 3 Mason 1950 4 Vocabulary 5 Proto language 6 Bibliography 7 ReferencesGenetic relations editPrice 1978 proposes a relationship with Kanoe Kapixana but this connection is not widely accepted 5 Language contact editJolkesky 2016 notes that there are lexical similarities with the Aikana Irantxe Itonama Kanoe Kwaza Peba Yagua Arawak Bororo and Karib language families due to contact 6 Varieties editJolkesky 2016 edit Internal classification by Jolkesky 2016 6 extinct NambikwaraSabane Nambikwara Northern Guapore Mamainde Negarote Tawende Roosevelt Lakonde Latunde Tawande Nambikwara Southern Alantesu Alantesu Hahaintesu Waikisu Wasusu Halotesu Halotesu Kithaulhu Wakalitesu Sawentesu Manduka Hukuntesu Niyahlosu Siwaisu SarareLoukotka 1968 edit Below is a full list of Nambikwaran language varieties listed by Loukotka 1968 including names of unattested varieties 7 Eastern dialects Tagnani spoken on the Castanho River Roosevelt River Mato Grosso Tamainde spoken on the Papagaio River and Marquez de Sousa River state of Mato Grosso Neneː spoken at the confluence of the Juina River and Juruena River Mato Grosso Tarunde spoken in the same region on the 12 de Outubro River sv Central dialects Kokozu Uaindze Ualixere spoken on the left bank of the 12 de Outubro River sv Anunze Soalesu spoken between the Papagaio River and Camarare River Mato Grosso Kongoreː spoken on the Buriti River Mato Grosso Navaite spoken on the Duvida River Mato Grosso Unattested Tadute spoken by the neighbors of the Navaite tribe on the Duvida River Western dialects Tauite Tawite spoken on the Camarare River state of Mato Grosso Uaintasu Waintazu spoken in Mato Grosso on the right bank of the Pimenta Bueno River Unattested Mamainde spoken on the Cabixi River state of Mato Grosso Unattested Uamandiri spoken between the Cabixi River and Corumbiara River Unattested Tauande spoken on the Sao Francisco Bueno River Mato Grosso Unattested Malondeː spoken in the same region but exact location unknown Unattested Unetundeː spoken on the upper course of the Duvida River Unattested Tapoya language of the same region exact location unknown Unattested Northern dialects Sabane spoken on the Ananaz River now the Tenente Marques River and Juina Mirim River state of Mato Grosso Jaia spoken on the Ananaz River now the Tenente Marques River Unattested Lacondeː spoken on the right bank of the Castanho River Roosevelt River Unattested Mason 1950 lists the following varieties under Nambicuara proper 8 Mason 1950 edit Northeastern Eastern Cocozu Northeastern Anunze Southwestern Western Tamainde Central and Southern Uaintazu Kabishi Tagnani Tauite Tarute TashuiteSabane is listed by Mason 1950 as Pseudo Nambicuara Northern Vocabulary editLoukotka 1968 lists the following basic vocabulary items for various Nambikwaran languages 7 gloss Tauite Sabane Anunze Elotasu Kokozu Tagnani Tamainde Nene Tarundeone amero knakna kenage etegeno ganagidzyare banure kanakerotwo balene haːro searu dehauno bandyere laure baʔadohead ua negetu dwa haniːkin toa nekisu ga nakitu nuhi naite nu naitetongue tayu hendu uai lehru ano heru toai heru uai hende noio hidnde nuiu ende nui edendehand toai kizeː depiba uai kize dwa hikisu toai ikisu ua hite nuhiː hĩte nuna norewoman akiːnaʔnaze duse dosu temoreː ndenore tenore denowater ari uaraze inausu unsazu narutundu nahirinde narunde narusun utianezeː yota ikidaze udiʔenikisu uterikisu chondi nahnde naneremaize guyakizeː kayatsu kayatsu giate kaiate kiakininde kiatenindeparrot anʔanzi kakaiteze ahru ahlu aundare aunderebow arankizeː ukize ukisu hukisu hute hute aindewhite eːseːnanzeː pate kuidisu han ahendesu deʔende hanidzare haniʔnaProto language editProto NambikwaranProto NambiquaraReconstruction ofNambikwaran languagesProto Nambiquara reconstructions by Price 1978 9 Proto Nambiquara reconstructions by Price 1978 gloss Proto Nambikwaran maize corn ka yat tapir hv ũː m moon h e v water n na1pe now hi n water yaut to tie t ait to walk h ai that tei l here tiː bow pok wing n ei C to hit su l to drink naː animal ha no la mouth youː good meu li white pan to play leuː n head naik hair ĩc dog waiː yvl to fall hi road ha tẽp savannah mal to sing pain grass sit meat sĩn house s ip bark shell kv leu to dig uh sky h eu p an to smell nh on horn na rain ha me i ashes Cv non snake t ep to scratch kɨn to eat yain long leː heart yv la k string ẽp string nu to run hip to chop tau child me ic to give oː to lie down c aː tooth wiː day lan ti two p aː l in to sleep ha mũ n i he pai his na to rub lɨ nɨ to listen ain I t ai l my t a knife yu l to speak sɨ beans ka mat liver p i l arrow hauːt flower yauc fire yat leaf ha ceih leaf n an cold liː fog wi Ca tobacco h eic fat pa nẽit man en t to swell wa kaː n knee kat to throw ta naː m there ti paː t firewood ha ne to clean peuː t to clean han tongue pei l smooth wa suː worm yo yo C far uː l monkey huc mother na C hand pik left hand wat husband wei cai to kill haːn forest ca w ein to bite ĩː m woman ha t eh to swim heup nose a miː c night ka na C to see ẽː p eye ei ka jaguar ya na l where pai ear n a bone soh egg nau father wai father mĩː n bird ai k tree stick ha piː c foot yu k stone t a pa l to hold hi breast nũn k fish h ain feather w eit little ci qi hn leg nei k heavy sa t ei louse ka naip ni black ta ton pull sĩn couː when na what Ca tei to burn thep hot man round ma tũ ma tũn straight wain to laugh kam li spit ka sip dry season ka mei keu n dry lon seed kɨ to sit yauː dirty n aː c iː fear sup l earth k ĩp earth nu crooked ta ko ta kon guts ka nai one ka naː ka nat fingernail claw kai l achiote top old tĩn wind it green sa t eiː sa i ein red hei n to come maː to live ka t en to fly h in you w ai n your ma to return wam l to vomit lop Bibliography editCosta Januacele Francisca da W Leo M Wetzels 2008 Proto Nambikwara Sound Structure Amsterdam Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Araujo G A 2004 A Grammar of Sabane A Nambikwaran Language Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 94 Utrecht LOT Gomes M A C F 1991 Dicionario Mamainde Portugues Portugues Mamainde Cuiaba SIL Kroeker M H 1996 Dicionario escolar bilingue Nambikuara Portugues Portugues Nambikuara Porto Velho SIL Price D P 1978 The Nambiquara Linguistic Family Anthropological Linguistics 20 14 37 References edit nbsp Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at Appendix Proto Nambikwaran reconstructions Campbell Lyle 1997 American Indian languages the historical linguistics of Native America Oxford United Kingdom Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 509427 1 Nambiquaran languages Ethnologue Retrieved on 2012 07 29 Kroeker 2001 p 1 Ethnologue Ethnologue Retrieved on 2012 07 29 Price David P 1978 The Nambiquara linguistic family Anthropological Linguistics 20 1 14 37 a b Jolkesky Marcelo Pinho De Valhery 2016 Estudo arqueo ecolinguistico das terras tropicais sul americanas Ph D dissertation University of Brasilia a b Loukotka Cestmir 1968 Classification of South American Indian languages Los Angeles UCLA Latin American Center Mason John Alden 1950 The languages of South America In Steward Julian ed Handbook of South American Indians Vol 6 Washington D C Government Printing Office Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143 pp 157 317 Price D 1978 The Nambiquara Linguistic Family In Anthropological Linguistics Vol 20 No 1 pp 14 37 Published by Trustees of Indiana University Accessed from DiACL 9 February 2020 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nambikwaran languages amp oldid 1171085280, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
