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Nalgene

April 11, 2024

Nalgene is a brand of plastic products developed originally for laboratory use, including items such as jars, bottles, test tubes, and Petri dishes, that were shatterproof and lighter than glass. The properties of plastic products make them suitable for work with many substances in various temperature ranges.

Two Nalgene wash bottles featuring the NFPA 704 color code for hazardous materials identification

Nalgene products are manufactured by Nalge Nunc International, which in 2004 became a subsidiary of Fisher Scientific, now Thermo Fisher Scientific.[1] The name Nalgene is a registered trademark.

Nalgene Outdoor edit

 
Narrow-mouth Nalgene bottle with custom attachment point

In the 1970s, conservationists began discouraging the disposal of cans and glass bottles by burning and burial in wilderness and recreation areas, and some places began forbidding such materials by regulation. Nalgene products became popular replacements among backpackers for storing consumables; the light, wide-mouthed high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polycarbonate bottles were more secure than plastic bags and were used for both liquids and solid foods.

Originally, wilderness travelers purchased Nalgene products from laboratory-equipment suppliers, or perhaps gained access to them in their workplaces. Company lore has it that Nalge Company president Marsh Hyman, based in Rochester, NY, discovered that his son's Boy Scout troop was using Nalgene laboratory containers when camping. Since then, the company has re-packaged and marketed items for consumer sales through their line of Nalgene Outdoor products.[2] By the late 1990s, the "Nalgene" trademark was recognized by many hikers, and sales of the 1-litre wide-mouth bottle of translucent polycarbonate (originally typically grey, but now commonly in bright colors, often with custom labels made for the bottle retailer) with a screw-on plastic top that stays attached when the bottle is open, began to increase. Today, many hikers and others recognize the distinctive appearance of Nalgene-branded bottles. Its laboratory pedigree is still suggested by the markings, in hundreds of millilitres, of the volume contained. The materials resist stains and odor absorption, and can be filled with boiling water.[3] The wide-mouth bottle is more widely used and sold over the narrow-mouth bottles in sub-freezing conditions, since it is easier to break through ice with the wider mouth.[citation needed] Currently, Nalgene markets over twelve different sizes of bottles in many colours, including the classic Wide Mouth and Narrow Mouth.[4]

 
Wide-mouth 1-litre bottle

A variety of products from other manufacturers are designed for compatibility with this item's overall dimensions or its 2.5-inch neck; these include:

  • Screw-on water-purifying filters.
  • Stainless-steel collapsible-handle cups, for drinking and/or stove-top cooking, that store compactly with a Nalgene litre-bottle nested inside them.
  • Insulated Nylon-fabric cases for Nalgene 1-litre bottles; features include stable attachment points and, in most cases, nesting for a cup.
  • Snap-in plastic "splash guards" that narrow the neck opening to a size where drinking while in motion is less likely to cause spilling.
  • Screw-in filters, which allow the user to add coffee grounds or tea, pour boiling water over the contents, seal the lid, and brew the beverage.
  • Screw-on LED lights, creating a usable lantern with low power consumption.

Another widely available Nalgene Outdoor product is a 650 ml (22 fl oz) "All-Terrain" or "bike" bottle. The bottle is made from low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and its screw top has two moving parts — a drinking nozzle that seals until snapped open by pulling on it, and a hinged polycarbonate dome, that when closed both snaps the nozzle closed and protects the nozzle against contamination. Unlike traditional Nalgene containers, this item can be damaged and potentially ruined by filling it with very hot water.

Recently, Nalgene has added hydration systems to its cycling and wilderness product line. The line features 1- to 3-litre bladders with hose-and-bite-valve assemblies in small back-carried packs (mostly under 1000 cubic inches, or 16 L, of additional storage). Nalgene offers the option of two different bladder materials for a choice of superior taste and bacteria resistance versus improved durability. In addition, the bladder on these products can be quickly detached from the hose and pack by a self-sealing connector on the bladder. These features were intended to improve on perceived issues with existing hydration systems, including difficulty filling and/or leaking water into gear that shares the pack.

Increased awareness of the importance of hydration while exercising has led to the appearance of some Nalgene containers in urban and suburban settings like gyms, offices, and campuses. Many colleges give or sell Nalgene water bottles to their students, and Nalgene bottles are also customized and sold as retail promotions.

In October 2017, Nalgene launched a new line of colors for their water bottles.[5]

Bisphenol A (BPA) concerns edit

In recent years, studies have suggested that polycarbonates, made from bisphenol A (BPA) and phosgene (COCl
2), such as the ones Nalgene used, may leach endocrine disruptors including BPA.[6] Nalgene denies that the quantity leached from their products posed a significant threat to health.[6] Among the secreted chemicals, BPA is a concern, as it binds to estrogen receptors, thus altering gene expression.[7][8][9] Other research has found that fixatives[clarification needed] in polycarbonate plastics can cause chromosomal error in cell division called aneuploidy. Nalgene claims these chemicals are only potentially released from Nalgene products when used at temperatures outside of the designed range.[10]

In November 2007, the national Canadian co-operative retailer Mountain Equipment Co-op removed all hard, clear polycarbonate plastic water bottles (including Nalgene-branded products) from their shelves and replaced them with BPA-free Nalgene bottles. In December 2007, Lululemon made a similar move. In May 2008, Recreational Equipment, Inc. removed Nalgene-branded polycarbonate water bottles and replaced them with BPA-free Nalgene bottles.

On April 18, 2008, Health Canada announced that bisphenol A is "'toxic' to human health".[11] On the same date, Nalgene announced it would phase out production of its Outdoor line of polycarbonate containers containing BPA.[12] Nalgene subsequently adopted Tritan copolyester, a BPA-free copolyester made by Eastman Chemical, as a substitute.[13]

Although unpublished studies in 2008 and 2009 by Oregon State students suggest that BPA does not leach from polycarbonate plastic under extreme conditions, BPA is not the only component of plastics which can mimic estrogen and act as an endocrine disruptor.[14] Unfortunately, BPA-free Tritan plastics were later found to leach other estrogenic chemicals in a cell-based assay.[15] Eastman Chemical, the manufacturer of Tritan, will not disclose precise information about the chemical structure of Tritan.[16]

A study from CertiChem (a private lab in Austin, Texas dedicated to studying endocrine disruption) found that green-colored Nalgene bottles effectively block the effects of UV rays, thus rendering the specific model studied safe from specific BPA-leaching concerns. However, CertiChem's founder and neuroscience professor at the University of Texas at Austin, George Bittner, cautioned that green Nalgene bottles found in stores "aren't guaranteed to be safe since minor change to the chemical formula can introduce estrogens".[17] Bitter also published an article claiming most polymers, including Tritan, contained trace amounts of Bisphenol A.[15] Eastman Chemical Company filed a lawsuit after these results were publicized in a brochure produced by PlastiPure, a sister company to CertiChem. Eastman maintained that the tests used by CertiChem, which were based around cultured estrogen-sensitive breast cancer cells, were not a definitive assay of endocrine activity in vivo. A jury ruled in Eastman's favor, and as a result Bittner, PlastiPure, and CertiChem were barred from making claims about Tritan’s oestrogenic activity.[18]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Deckert A (June 24, 2011). "New Plant Has Packaging Firm Eyeing Growth". Rochester Business Journal. 27 (13). Retrieved 2013-02-07.
  2. ^ . Archived from the original on 2008-09-17. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
  3. ^ "Nalgene Outdoor Materials". Retrieved 2015-04-28.
  4. ^ "Nalgene – The original water bottle. Made in the USA. BPA Free". Nalgene. Retrieved 2023-04-17.
  5. ^ Spicer V (2017-10-10). "Nalgene debuts rainbow of colors for water bottles". Rochester Business Journal. Retrieved 2017-12-03.
  6. ^ a b . Nalge Nunc International. 2003. Archived from the original on July 4, 2003.
  7. ^ . Our Stolen Future. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011.
  8. ^ "Endocrine Disruptor Group Bisphenol A Studies". Retrieved 2007-02-20.
  9. ^ Hunt PA, Koehler KE, Susiarjo M, Hodges CA, Ilagan A, Voigt RC, et al. (April 2003). "Bisphenol a exposure causes meiotic aneuploidy in the female mouse". Current Biology. 13 (7): 546–553. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00189-1. PMID 12676084. S2CID 10168552.
  10. ^ Potential hazards of polycarbonates in food contact applications
  11. ^ . Archived from the original on 2008-06-22.
  12. ^ . Reuters. Apr 18, 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 30, 2014. Retrieved 2013-02-07.
  13. ^ "Nalgene Choice". Retrieved 2008-09-29.
  14. ^ "Those BPA-free plastics you thought were safe? Think again".
  15. ^ a b Yang CZ, Yaniger SI, Jordan VC, Klein DJ, Bittner GD (July 2011). "Most plastic products release estrogenic chemicals: a potential health problem that can be solved". Environmental Health Perspectives. 119 (7): 989–996. doi:10.1289/ehp.1003220. PMC 3222987. PMID 21367689.
  16. ^ Dornath P. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2013-02-07.
  17. ^ Blake M. "These popular plastic bottles may be messing with your hormones". Mother Jones. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
  18. ^ Glausiusz J (April 2014). "Toxicology: The plastics puzzle". Nature. 508 (7496): 306–308. doi:10.1038/508306a. PMID 24740050.

External links edit

  • Atlantic article on safety of BPA free products
  • Nalgene

April 11, 2024
nalgene, brand, plastic, products, developed, originally, laboratory, including, items, such, jars, bottles, test, tubes, petri, dishes, that, were, shatterproof, lighter, than, glass, properties, plastic, products, make, them, suitable, work, with, many, subs. Nalgene is a brand of plastic products developed originally for laboratory use including items such as jars bottles test tubes and Petri dishes that were shatterproof and lighter than glass The properties of plastic products make them suitable for work with many substances in various temperature ranges Two Nalgene wash bottles featuring the NFPA 704 color code for hazardous materials identificationNalgene products are manufactured by Nalge Nunc International which in 2004 became a subsidiary of Fisher Scientific now Thermo Fisher Scientific 1 The name Nalgene is a registered trademark Contents 1 Nalgene Outdoor 2 Bisphenol A BPA concerns 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksNalgene Outdoor edit nbsp Narrow mouth Nalgene bottle with custom attachment pointIn the 1970s conservationists began discouraging the disposal of cans and glass bottles by burning and burial in wilderness and recreation areas and some places began forbidding such materials by regulation Nalgene products became popular replacements among backpackers for storing consumables the light wide mouthed high density polyethylene HDPE and polycarbonate bottles were more secure than plastic bags and were used for both liquids and solid foods Originally wilderness travelers purchased Nalgene products from laboratory equipment suppliers or perhaps gained access to them in their workplaces Company lore has it that Nalge Company president Marsh Hyman based in Rochester NY discovered that his son s Boy Scout troop was using Nalgene laboratory containers when camping Since then the company has re packaged and marketed items for consumer sales through their line of Nalgene Outdoor products 2 By the late 1990s the Nalgene trademark was recognized by many hikers and sales of the 1 litre wide mouth bottle of translucent polycarbonate originally typically grey but now commonly in bright colors often with custom labels made for the bottle retailer with a screw on plastic top that stays attached when the bottle is open began to increase Today many hikers and others recognize the distinctive appearance of Nalgene branded bottles Its laboratory pedigree is still suggested by the markings in hundreds of millilitres of the volume contained The materials resist stains and odor absorption and can be filled with boiling water 3 The wide mouth bottle is more widely used and sold over the narrow mouth bottles in sub freezing conditions since it is easier to break through ice with the wider mouth citation needed Currently Nalgene markets over twelve different sizes of bottles in many colours including the classic Wide Mouth and Narrow Mouth 4 nbsp Wide mouth 1 litre bottleA variety of products from other manufacturers are designed for compatibility with this item s overall dimensions or its 2 5 inch neck these include Screw on water purifying filters Stainless steel collapsible handle cups for drinking and or stove top cooking that store compactly with a Nalgene litre bottle nested inside them Insulated Nylon fabric cases for Nalgene 1 litre bottles features include stable attachment points and in most cases nesting for a cup Snap in plastic splash guards that narrow the neck opening to a size where drinking while in motion is less likely to cause spilling Screw in filters which allow the user to add coffee grounds or tea pour boiling water over the contents seal the lid and brew the beverage Screw on LED lights creating a usable lantern with low power consumption Another widely available Nalgene Outdoor product is a 650 ml 22 fl oz All Terrain or bike bottle The bottle is made from low density polyethylene LDPE and its screw top has two moving parts a drinking nozzle that seals until snapped open by pulling on it and a hinged polycarbonate dome that when closed both snaps the nozzle closed and protects the nozzle against contamination Unlike traditional Nalgene containers this item can be damaged and potentially ruined by filling it with very hot water Recently Nalgene has added hydration systems to its cycling and wilderness product line The line features 1 to 3 litre bladders with hose and bite valve assemblies in small back carried packs mostly under 1000 cubic inches or 16 L of additional storage Nalgene offers the option of two different bladder materials for a choice of superior taste and bacteria resistance versus improved durability In addition the bladder on these products can be quickly detached from the hose and pack by a self sealing connector on the bladder These features were intended to improve on perceived issues with existing hydration systems including difficulty filling and or leaking water into gear that shares the pack Increased awareness of the importance of hydration while exercising has led to the appearance of some Nalgene containers in urban and suburban settings like gyms offices and campuses Many colleges give or sell Nalgene water bottles to their students and Nalgene bottles are also customized and sold as retail promotions In October 2017 Nalgene launched a new line of colors for their water bottles 5 Bisphenol A BPA concerns editIn recent years studies have suggested that polycarbonates made from bisphenol A BPA and phosgene COCl2 such as the ones Nalgene used may leach endocrine disruptors including BPA 6 Nalgene denies that the quantity leached from their products posed a significant threat to health 6 Among the secreted chemicals BPA is a concern as it binds to estrogen receptors thus altering gene expression 7 8 9 Other research has found that fixatives clarification needed in polycarbonate plastics can cause chromosomal error in cell division called aneuploidy Nalgene claims these chemicals are only potentially released from Nalgene products when used at temperatures outside of the designed range 10 In November 2007 the national Canadian co operative retailer Mountain Equipment Co op removed all hard clear polycarbonate plastic water bottles including Nalgene branded products from their shelves and replaced them with BPA free Nalgene bottles In December 2007 Lululemon made a similar move In May 2008 Recreational Equipment Inc removed Nalgene branded polycarbonate water bottles and replaced them with BPA free Nalgene bottles On April 18 2008 Health Canada announced that bisphenol A is toxic to human health 11 On the same date Nalgene announced it would phase out production of its Outdoor line of polycarbonate containers containing BPA 12 Nalgene subsequently adopted Tritan copolyester a BPA free copolyester made by Eastman Chemical as a substitute 13 Although unpublished studies in 2008 and 2009 by Oregon State students suggest that BPA does not leach from polycarbonate plastic under extreme conditions BPA is not the only component of plastics which can mimic estrogen and act as an endocrine disruptor 14 Unfortunately BPA free Tritan plastics were later found to leach other estrogenic chemicals in a cell based assay 15 Eastman Chemical the manufacturer of Tritan will not disclose precise information about the chemical structure of Tritan 16 A study from CertiChem a private lab in Austin Texas dedicated to studying endocrine disruption found that green colored Nalgene bottles effectively block the effects of UV rays thus rendering the specific model studied safe from specific BPA leaching concerns However CertiChem s founder and neuroscience professor at the University of Texas at Austin George Bittner cautioned that green Nalgene bottles found in stores aren t guaranteed to be safe since minor change to the chemical formula can introduce estrogens 17 Bitter also published an article claiming most polymers including Tritan contained trace amounts of Bisphenol A 15 Eastman Chemical Company filed a lawsuit after these results were publicized in a brochure produced by PlastiPure a sister company to CertiChem Eastman maintained that the tests used by CertiChem which were based around cultured estrogen sensitive breast cancer cells were not a definitive assay of endocrine activity in vivo A jury ruled in Eastman s favor and as a result Bittner PlastiPure and CertiChem were barred from making claims about Tritan s oestrogenic activity 18 See also editCyclobutanediol as an alternative to bisphenol A PhthalatesReferences edit Deckert A June 24 2011 New Plant Has Packaging Firm Eyeing Growth Rochester Business Journal 27 13 Retrieved 2013 02 07 Nalgene Outdoor Products History Archived from the original on 2008 09 17 Retrieved 2008 09 29 Nalgene Outdoor Materials Retrieved 2015 04 28 Nalgene The original water bottle Made in the USA BPA Free Nalgene Retrieved 2023 04 17 Spicer V 2017 10 10 Nalgene debuts rainbow of colors for water bottles Rochester Business Journal Retrieved 2017 12 03 a b Phthalates as Endocrine Disrupters Nalge Nunc International 2003 Archived from the original on July 4 2003 Our Stolen Future Scientists Call for New Risk Assessment of Bisphenol A and Reveal Industry Biases in Research Our Stolen Future Archived from the original on 15 July 2011 Endocrine Disruptor Group Bisphenol A Studies Retrieved 2007 02 20 Hunt PA Koehler KE Susiarjo M Hodges CA Ilagan A Voigt RC et al April 2003 Bisphenol a exposure causes meiotic aneuploidy in the female mouse Current Biology 13 7 546 553 doi 10 1016 S0960 9822 03 00189 1 PMID 12676084 S2CID 10168552 Potential hazards of polycarbonates in food contact applications Questions and Answers for Action on Bisphenol A Under the Chemicals Management Plan Archived from the original on 2008 06 22 Nalgene to Phase Out Production of Consumer Bottles Containing BPA Reuters Apr 18 2008 Archived from the original PDF on April 30 2014 Retrieved 2013 02 07 Nalgene Choice Retrieved 2008 09 29 Those BPA free plastics you thought were safe Think again a b Yang CZ Yaniger SI Jordan VC Klein DJ Bittner GD July 2011 Most plastic products release estrogenic chemicals a potential health problem that can be solved Environmental Health Perspectives 119 7 989 996 doi 10 1289 ehp 1003220 PMC 3222987 PMID 21367689 Dornath P Analysis of BPA free Tritan Copolyester Under High Stress Conditions PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2016 03 03 Retrieved 2013 02 07 Blake M These popular plastic bottles may be messing with your hormones Mother Jones Retrieved 2020 07 13 Glausiusz J April 2014 Toxicology The plastics puzzle Nature 508 7496 306 308 doi 10 1038 508306a PMID 24740050 External links editAtlantic article on safety of BPA free products Nalgene Phthalates as Endocrine Disrupters 2003 Nalge Nunc International Company whitepaper in response to boycott Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nalgene amp oldid 1217273878, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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