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Myra Page

Dorothy Markey (born Dorothy Page Gary, 1897–1993), known by the pen name Myra Page, was a 20th-century American communist writer, journalist, union activist, and teacher.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Dorothy Markey
Born
Dorothy Page Gary

(1897-10-01)October 1, 1897
Newport News, Virginia, US
DiedOctober 1993 (aged 95–96)
Education
Occupations
  • Writer
  • union activist
  • teacher
SpouseJohn Fordyce Markey
Espionage activity
Allegiance Soviet Union
Service branchprobably Comintern's "OMS"
Service years1933–1940s?
RankUnknown
CodenameM. Burton (when writing for the AFT
OperationsCouriers (money)
Writing career
Pen nameMyra Page
LanguageEnglish
Period1918–1964
GenreProletkult
Literary movementCommunist
Notable works
  • Gathering Storm (1932)
  • Moscow Yankee (1935)
Website
finding-aids.lib.unc.edu/05143/

Background edit

Page was born Dorothy Page Gary on October 1, 1897, in Newport News, Virginia. Her father's ancestors, the Garys, came from Wales to the Tidewater region in the 1720. Her mother's ancestors, the Barhams, came to Jamestown, Virginia. Her father Benjamin Roscoe Gary was a doctor, her mother Willie Alberta Barham an artist, and her home "affluent," "middle-class and progressive." Colgate Darden was a friend of her brother Barham Gary: in her memoir, Page refers to him as "Clukey Darden."[1][2][3][6]

In 1918, she received a bachelor's degree in English and history from Westhampton College (now the University of Richmond).[1]

Career edit

 
Teacher's College buildings on 120th Street, NYC, where Page attended classes

Later in 1918, she taught school in Richmond, Virginia. In 1919, she started graduate studies at Columbia University. She studied anthropology under Franz Boas, Melvin Herskovitz, and Franklin Giddings (the last Marxian but not a communist). Both Boas and Herskovitz "challenged the prevailing theories about racial hierarchies." She also took a class under John Dewey at Columbia's Teacher's College and attended courses given by theologians Harry Emerson Fosdick and Henry F. Ward at Union Theological Seminary. In 1920, she obtained a masters with a thesis that analyzed the effect of New York newspaper coverage on the Spanish–American War. She also studied writing under Helen Hunter in the English department.[1][2]

1920s edit

While a graduate student, she became active in the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA), which at that time championed reform in race relations. Influenced by Social Gospel, she "developed an antiracist consciousness and chafed against the restrictions imposed upon her as a southern white woman."[1][7]

 
Poster for YWCA (1919), which Page supported

Upon completing her master's degree in 1920, Page became a YWCA "industrial secretary" at a silk factory in Norfolk, Virginia, near her home town of Newport News and organized education for women workers.[2][3][8][9]

Giddings had introduced Page to the Rand School of Social Science, where she had met Anna Louise Strong, Mary Heaton Vorse, and Scott Nearing. In 1921, she returned to New York from Norfolk and studied further under Nearing at Rand; at that time, she first read the Manifesto of the Communist Party by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.[2]

 
Grand Court with Organ at South End in Wanamaker's store (1917), where Page worked

Against her family's wishes, she took a factory job in Philadelphia and became a union organizer for the (then pro-communist) Amalgamated Clothing Workers Union (ACW). She chose amalgamated for its emphasis on Progressivism and education. Her first job was at a Wanamaker's department store. Then the ACW helped her get work in a clothing sweatshop; she attended an ACW-led strike. Page became a pants seamstress–good enough that the ACW sent her to New York City for training in making button holes. The ACW sent her with others to St. Louis, Missouri, to help to unionize its biggest garment sweatshop, Curlee's. During a slump in 1923, she took a secretarial job and then returned home to Newport News for a few months. In the spring of 1924, she returned to the New York area and got a job as a schoolteacher of American History in Teaneck, New Jersey. There, "I joined the New York City Local of the American Federation of Teachers and quickly became one of its leaders.[2][3][8] (By "Local," Page is clearly referring to Local 5 AFT, AKA the New York City Teachers Union.)

In fall 1924, she got a teaching fellowship in the History Department of the University of Minnesota, chaired by F. Stuart Chapin. Pitirim Sorokin, former secretary to Alexander Kerensky and Menshevik leader, was a professor there. She married fellow teacher and fellow John Markey, and together they joined the American Federation of Teachers union there. They both encouraged garment workers to unionize in the Twin Cities area (Minneapolis and St. Paul).[2]

In June 1926, as a member of the American Federal of Teachers union, she attended a convention of the Trade Union Education League. Participants included William Z. Foster and John Jonstone. Also in June 1926, she took a class (Page and Nearing called it the Labor Research Study Group) under Nearing that sought a "law of social revolution" (though, according to Whittaker Chambers, "an infiltration of Communists... really ran the class, steered the discussions," and tried to "make the law of social revolution a Marxian law.") Nearing focused on the Soviet Union; Page wrote about India and the English Revolution of 1642.[2] According to Whittaker Chambers (but not Page), their classmates included: Page, Chambers, Sam Krieger, Eve Dorf and her husband Ben Davidson,[10][11] as well as Alfred J. Brooks, Dale Zysman, Benjamin Mandel, and Rachel Ragozin.[12] In July–September, 1926, she attended first an International Teachers' Union conference in Vienna, Austria, several related teachers' union conferences in Paris, France, and then, with Nearing, a British trade union Conference in the UK. After passing through New York City, in part to publish her book with Nearing, The Law of Social Revolution, via the Federated Press, she returned to Minneapolis by late September to reunite with her husband. They immediately set about a "central trade union committee" of the Minnesota AFL and commenced "workers' education" in Duluth.[2]

 
International Labor Defense's magazine depicts 16 prisoners from the Loray Mill strike, about which Page wrote the novel Gathering Storm

In June 1928, Page earned her PhD in sociology with double minor in Economics and Psychology from the University of Minnesota. In the fall of 1928, she accepted a teaching position at Wheaton College (Massachusetts), while her husband had started another a year earlier at Connecticut College. In 1926, the YWCA had helped fund her research on working conditions among garment workers in Greenville and Gastonia, North Carolina, and in 1929 again funded her to rewrite her doctoral thesis as Southern Cotton Mills and Labor (1929): "Many lines and quotes... appear later in my Gastonia novel, Gathering Storm.[1][2][3][6]

On March 30, 1929, the Loray Mill strike (also known as the "Gastonia Strike") broke out and lasted into August; Sophie Melvin (future wife of Simon Gerson) traveled there to join Fred Beal in organizing strikers on behalf of the Communist Party controlled National Textile Workers Union. In fall 1929, her husband joined Wheaton College as head of her Sociology Department. In October 1929, Page was one of scores of founding members of the John Reed Clubs. Her "group" included: Grace Lumpkin, Katharine DuPre Lumpkin, Dorothy Douglas, Ben Appel, Sophie Appel (and probably Agnes Smedley who also knew most of these people). During the Wall Street Crash of 1929 that started October 28–29, 1929, Page had just started working as a journalist for Labor Age, the ILD's Labor Defender, and Southern Woman magazines. Some time in 1929, Page (along with Grace Lumpkin and Olive Dargin and three others) began novels about the Gastonia Strike: Page's novel was Gathering Storm: A Story of the Black Belt, published in 1932.[1][2][3]

1930s edit

 
New Pioneer monthly magazine for Communist children (1931–1938), published by Young Communist League USA, for which Page was editor

At the end of the 1929–1930 academic year, Page and her husband left Wheaton College. During the 1930s, Page was a political journalist and writer.[1][2] She wrote for Southern Workman, Working Woman, and the CPUSA newspaper The Daily Worker. In 1931, she became editor for the New Pioneer monthly magazine for Communist children (1931–1938), published by Young Communist League USA. She recruited her brother Barham and sister Bert to contribute stories. In May 1931, she traveled with William Z. Foster to hear him advocate that the United Mine Workers union split off from the AFL. Page quarreled with Foster over his position but did cover the strike in the July 1931 issue.[2]

Page's husband John Markey joined the Labor Research Association (LRA), for which he contributed writings under the pseudonym "John Barnett" for "several years." LRA's directors included: Anna Rochester, Bill Dunne, Grace Hutchins, Carl Haessler, and Charlotte Todes Stern. Edward Dahlberg was another contributor. Markey also helped "organize automotive and transportation workers. It was good experience... but organizing was not his forté. He was already best at academic teaching and research.")[2] As "John Barnett," John Markey also contributed articles to The Communist, 1933–1935.[13]

Page spent two years in Moscow, whence she wrote for American socialist journals as well as the Soviet communist publication Moscow News. She also wrote her novel Moscow Yankee (1935) there.[5][6]

Upon their return to the States around November 1933, when the US recognized the USSR diplomatically, Page and her husband lived in Brooklyn, NY. Page joined the editorial board of Soviet Russia Today, a Soviet-backed magazine edited by Jessica Smith, wife of Harold Ware.

On May 1, 1935, Page joined the League of American Writers (1935–1943), whose members included Alexander Trachtenberg of International Publishers, Frank Folsom, Louis Untermeyer, Bromfelds[who?], I. F. Stone, Millen Brand, Arthur Miller, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Members were largely either Communist Party members or fellow travelers. Aline Bernstein (mistress of Thomas Wolfe) often hosted them at her home.[2]

Starting in August 1935, Page's husband spent a year (again as "John Barnett") as dean of Commonwealth College, a workers' school in Mena, Arkansas, while Page taught English writing and literature. Page met FLOTUS Eleanor Roosevelt when she came to visit the college.[2]

In March 1937, she interviewed Andre Malraux for his views on the Spanish Civil War and Hallie Flanagan about the Federal Theatre Project.[2]

 
Historical Marker for Highlander Folk School (1932-1962), where Page taught in the 1930s

During the 1930s, Page also taught school at the Writer's School, underwritten by the League of American Writers (itself established by the Party) and based in New York City. In 1937, husband John Markey got a job as educational director of the Transportation Workers Union (TWU), a CIO member headed by Mike Quill. In the summers of 1938 and 1939, Page taught at the Highlander Folk School in Grundy County, Tennessee.[2][6]

Later life edit

In the 1940s, she continued to teach at the Writer's School.[1]

In the 1950s and 1960s, she wrote biographies for juveniles under her married name "Dorothy Markey."[1]

Communism edit

Party membership edit

 
William Z. Foster (undated), whom Page supported amidst Party factional struggles in 1929

In her memoir In a Generous Spirit, Page states that both she and her husband were members of the nascent Communist Party of the USA. She does not state when, but from her description it seems they joined in 1928 during the height of factionalism within the Party between followers of Jay Lovestone, James P. Cannon, and William Z. Foster (described at some length in the memoir of Whittaker Chambers). Page states that she and her husband supported Foster because "he was a union man."[1][2]

By the fall of 1930, after they had let their contracts to teach expire at Wheaton College, her husband "John and I began to work full-time for the movement," i.e., for the Party. In 1931, she became editor for the New Pioneer monthly magazine for Communist children (1931–1938), published by Young Communist League USA.[2]

Moscow edit

Page and her husband first traveled to Moscow in the summer of 1928 (crossing Europe on foot), where they joined a group of visitors led by John Dewey. They went again in September 1931 by ship in the company of Gastonia strike leader Fred Beal of the National Textile Workers Union returning to Soviet exile after an undercover visit to the United States where, in 1929, he had been convicted in Gastonia for conspiracy in the strike related death of a policeman. Beal was later to write disaparagingly of those westerners who, like Page, were made comfortable in Moscow by the party-state bureaucracy he identified as a "new exploiting class".[14][15]

Page stayed through mid-year 1933,[2] by which time Beal in Kharkov, but not she in Moscow, witnessed the famine produced by Stalin's collectivisation policies.[16]

Soviet espionage edit

 
Firefighters struggle to extinguish the Reichstag Fire on February 27, 1933, which endangered the mission of Page's husband John Markey to Germany later that summer

In the same memoir, she states that they both worked in the Soviet underground, starting from their days in Russia (1932). She states that husband John Markey worked in agriculture and so came to meet and know Harold Ware (founder of the Ware Group which Whittaker Chambers took over upon Ware's death in 1935).[2] Page is clear about joining the Soviet underground:

While we were in the Soviet Union, John and I worked with the worldwide underground movement against the fascists. We worked for whoever made contact with us that we trusted, in Moscow or outside the Soviet Union. Contacts in Moscow usually asked me to do a job, and if I wanted to do it I did it.[2]

Page emphasized this last point by stating further, "I was never forced to do anything." She recounts a request while in Moscow for her to take money to China when traveling home, but she declined. The Soviets also asked her to stay in Moscow to help make a movie about America, but "the idea seemed crazy and I refused."[2] During the summer of 1933, the Soviets also had her husband deliver money to Hamburg "for the underground" on his way home to America. (Apparently, the Soviets intended to have them make separate journeys home.) "When I said goodbye to John, I didn't know whether I would ever see him again... We did what we felt we had to do, and that included risking our lives."[2] (The immediate risk Page is referring to was probably the 1933 Nazi takeover of Germany and immediate liquidation of the German Communist Party and its members, specifically the Reichstag Fire and resulting Reichstag Fire Decree of February 28, 1933.)

Most foreigners joined the Soviet underground via the Comintern's "International Liaison Department" or "OMS" (Russian-language acronym).

"Disillusionment" edit

During their second visit 1931–1933, Page claims to have not realized how privileged a life they led, living at the Lux Hotel and buying scarce good easily with valudas ("American-style paper money") instead of Soviet roubles. Louis Fischer discussed the current famine in Ukraine, but they dismissed him as a salaried newspaperman. "We didn't know about the horrors of collectivization because we chose not to know. Fischer was right, but we didn't believe him."[2] She had not known about "the matter of the purges because the Soviets were covering up the facts.[1][2][8][4][6]

During the early 1950s McCarthy Era, she notes "my work as a writer was interrupted." Viking Press canceled publication of her novel Daughter of Man, despite the support of editor Pascal Covici and book agents Mavis Macintosh and Elizabeth Otis (who also represented John Steinbeck among others). Eventually, Citadel Press published it under a new title, With Sun in Our Blood.[2]

Page documents her departure from the Party:

I left the Party in 1953, having lost faith that it could do the job it was supposed to do. My disillusionment was gradual... Gradually, we just plain lost confidence in the party. Ever since the Amalgamated convention in Chicago in the early twenties... the Party seemed too quarrelsome and sectarian for me.[2]

She also added nuance to her decision:

I'm resentful that people think we listened only to Moscow and that when Stalin was exposed by Khruschev we lost our idol and therefore quit the Path. Stalin was not the reason we left. He was part of our disillusionment, but he wan't the reason we got out. Party members were not so attached to the Soviet Union that the Khruschev revelations made them change their whole lives. That wasn't the way we saw the world; we saw the world mainly from the U.S. point of view because that was our experience.[2]

(Note that Page dates her departure not to the 1956 "Secret Speech" by Nikita Khrushchev but to 1953, the height of the McCarthy Era.)

Naming names edit

Page never testified before any congressional or other committees during the McCarthy Era, though the FBI did interview her; they failed to connect "John Barnett" with John Markey, however. Friends of theirs who were subpoenaed to testify include:[to be determined]}. Friends who refused to testify include W. E. B. DuBois (who "died a member of the Communist party")[2]

In her 1996 memoir (by which time most of her generation had died), she names scores of people she had known.[2]

Page recounts only mild bitterness over fallings-out with some friends and does little scandal-mongering (e.g., the affairs of Party leader Earl Browder with Kitty Harris and eventual wife Raissa.)[2]

Personal life and death edit

In 1924 she met and later married fellow teacher/fellow John Fordyce Markey (July 27, 1898 – May 14, 1991) from West Virginia coal country. She had two children, daughter Dorothy May Markey Kanfer ("May," born April 21, 1935, wife of Stefan Kanfer) and adopted son John Ross Markey.[1][2][6][17][18][19]

By the "late 1920s," she chose the pen name "Myra Page" (after a cousin with the same name) because:

I could be freer in what I wrote without a name that would be immediately identified with my parents... Another reason for the pen name was that I couldn't very well teach sociology in a university and write radical journalism and fiction at the same time... I could teach as Dorothy Gary and write as Myra Page. Only later during the McCarthy period did I begin to write again under my real name.[2]

"Myra Page" may first appear in print in 1926.[20] The transformation continued in the first issue of Gathering Storm, where her name appears as "Dorothy Myra Page." (By the 1930, husband John Markey also adopted a pen name as "John Barnett": "the Party advised him to use a pseudonym so he could resume a regular teaching career.")[2]

Page died in 1993.[1]

Legacy edit

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill has archived Page's papers.

University of Maine English professor Christina Looper Baker (August 18, 1939 – January 13, 2013) wrote a 210-page memoir from interviews and papers called In a Generous Spirit: A First-Person Biography of Myra Page (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1996).

Works edit

In her posthumously published 1996 memoir, Page describes her anger at racial discrimination in her childhood, manifested by the treatment she witnessed of her Black friends and expressed in her first published piece, "Colorblind" in The Crisis magazine, published while she was studying at Columbia (c. 1920) by W. E. B. DuBois, who became her friend.[2]

By the late 1920s, as a radical, pro-worker, communist writer, Page became one of scores of American writers who embraced "Proletkult" (which, after Stalin came to full power, emerged as "Socialist Realism"), advocated in the US by New Masses editor-in-chief Mike Gold.[2]

Of her works, Gathering Storm (1932) is significant as both proletariat novel and focal point on the "black-belt thesis," while Moscow Yankee chronicles an unemployed American autoworker who emigrates to the Soviet Union for work.[6] "I did not see the novel as propaganda," she said of it. Instead, she included it among a group of works on Gastonia, particularly by women. She calls Mary Heaton Vorse's account Gastonia (1929) as more reportage than novel. She considers the account of Olive Tilford Dargan (writing under pen name "Fielding Burke"), Call Home the Heart well written though romanticized. She considers Grace Lumpkin's book To Make My Bread equal to her own because they both "wrote from the same orientation" as Southern women who had seen poverty.[2]

During the 1940s, Page published no more fiction books; her last novel, With the Sun in Our Blood (1950) was in fact drafted during the 1930s after transcribing an oral history by Dolly Hawkins, whom Page had known while they both were organizers in Arkansas.[4]

Novels:

  • Southern Cotton Mills and Labor, introduced by Bill Dunne (1929)[21]
  • Gathering Storm: A Story of the Black Belt (as "Dorothy Myra Page") (1932)[22]
  • Soviet Main Street with photography by Abram Pogovsky (Soyuzphoto) (1933)[23]
  • Moscow Yankee (1935, 1995)[24][25]
  • With Sun in Our Blood (1950)[26]
    • Reissue: Daughter of the Hills: A Woman's Part in the Coal Miners' Struggle, introduced by Alice Kessler-Harris and Paul Lauter, afterword by Deborah S. Rosenfelt (1950, 1986)[4][27]

Short stories, chapters, articles:

  • "American Working Women," Workers' News (Fall 1934)
  • "Leave Them Meters Be," Workers' News (Fall 1934)
  • "Water," Workers' News (Fall 1934)
  • "The Girl Who Was Afraid," Southern Worker (1934)
  • "Men in Chains," The Nation (as "Myra Page") (1935)
  • "Pickets and Slippery Sticks", chapter in New Pioneer Story Book (1935)[28]

Juvenile Biographies:

Articles, Chapters:

  • "Colorblind", The Crisis magazine (c. 1920) (as "Dorothy Gary")
  • "The Developing Study of Culture" (as "Dorothy P. Gary"), Trends in American Sociology (1929)[29]
  • "Bourgeois Apologists and the South" (reviews), The Communist (September 1930)
  • "Grey-Wash" (review), The Communist (May 1931)
  • "The Cropper Prepares", The New Masses (February 11, 1936)
  • "Malraux on Spain", Daily Worker (March 7, 1937)
  • "Hallie Flanagan," (publication unknown) (c. 1937)
  • "Cardenas Speaks for Mexico", The New Masses (August 30, 1938)
  • "Cornish Miners (review), The New Masses (November 18, 1941)
  • "Farm Saga" (review) Myra Page, The New Masses (March 3, 1942)

Autobiography:

  • In a Generous Spirit: A First-Person Biography of Myra Page with Christina Looper Baker (1996)[2]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Myra Page Papers, 1910-1990". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 2004. Retrieved 2017-11-19.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an Page, Myra; Baker, Christina Looper (1996). In a Generous Spirit: A First-Person Biography of Myra Page. University of Illinois Press. pp. 5-9 (family), 43-46 (Columbia), 48-52 (Norfolk), 53 (manifesto), 54-66 (Amalgamated), 67 (teacher), 68-71 (Markey), 84 (CPUSA, Fosterite), 85-86 (Nearing), 86-88 (Gastonia, Vienna), 92 (PhD), 93-97 (Wheaton), 94-96 (1st trip USSR), 98 (Southern Cotton Mills), 99 (Dunne bro.s), 100 (John Reed Club), 101 (journalist, full-time Party), 101-102 (LRA), 102 (Darden), 103 (New Pioneer), 105 (Smedley), 109 (pen name), 110 (Mike Gold, Colorblind), 111-118 (Gathering Storm), 119-120 (Beal), 119-137 (2nd trip USSR), 120 (Browder), 121 (Harold Ware), 123-124 (horrors), 125-127 (Soviet Main Street, Podolsk), 135-136 (underground), 140-141 (return US 11/1933), 141 (Soviet Russia Today), 144 (daughter's birth), 145 (League of American Writers), 146 (book contract), 146-147 (Malraux), 147-155 (Commonwealth College), 155 (TWU, Flanagan), 155-156 (Highlander), 157 (Aline Bernstein), 180-186 (McCarthyism), 186-187 (disillusion). ISBN 9780252065439. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Mantooth, Wes (25 July 2006). You Factory Folks Who Sing This Song Will Surely Understand: Culture, Ideology, and Action in the Gastonia Novels of Myra Page, Grace Lumpkin, and Olive Dargin. Routledge. pp. 19 (novels), 20–36 (bio). ISBN 9781135515393. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  4. ^ a b c d Wald, Alan M. (15 October 2012). American Night: The Literary Left in the Era of the Cold War. UNC Press. pp. 103 (dates), 108 (Party). ISBN 9780807837344. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  5. ^ a b Choi Chatterjee; Beth Holmgren, eds. (2013). Americans Experience Russia: Encountering the Enigma, 1917 to the Present. Routledge. p. 97. ISBN 9780415893411. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h M. Keith Booker, ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of Literature and Politics. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 543–544. ISBN 9780313329401. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  7. ^ Booker, M. Keith (2005). Encyclopedia of Literature and Politics: H-R. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-32940-1.
  8. ^ a b c Mickenberg, Julia L.; Nel, Philip (2008). Tales for Little Rebels: A Collection of Radical Children's Literature. NYU Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-5720-8. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  9. ^ Lee, Elisabeth Grace (2017). Pilgrims' Progress: Southern Social Activists' Journey from Christianity to Communism during the 1920s and 1930s (PDF) (MA). North Carolina State University. pp. 1-2 (Social Gospel), 31 (Page @ YYCA).
  10. ^ Chambers, Whittaker (1952). Witness. New York: Random House. pp. 213 (Nearing classmates), 536 (Mandel). LCCN 52005149.
  11. ^ Lambert, Bruce (22 December 1991). "Ben Davidson, 90, a Co-Founder Of the Liberal Party in New York". New York Times. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  12. ^ Iversen, Robert W. (1959). The Communists & the Schools. p. 21. Retrieved 7 April 2013. {{cite book}}: |newspaper= ignored (help)
  13. ^ "The Communist: Contents by Issue (1927 – 1944)". Marxist Internet Archive. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  14. ^ Beal, Fred Erwin (1937). Proletarian journey: New England, Gastonia, Moscow. New York: Hillman-Curl. pp. xiii–xiv.
  15. ^ Disler, Mathew (2018). "This Crusading Socialist Taught America's Workers to Fight—in 1929". Narratively. Retrieved 2022-01-02.
  16. ^ Beal (1937) pp. 283-305
  17. ^ "Christina Looper Baker". Bangor Daily News. 18 January 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
  18. ^ Janet Galligani Casey, ed. (2004). The Novel and the American Left: Critical Essays on Depression-Era Fiction. University of Iowa Press. p. 58 (fn8). ISBN 9781587294754. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
  19. ^ "Book Review Digist". H.W. Wilson Company. 1997: 96. Retrieved 3 August 2018. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  20. ^ The Law of Social Revolution. Library of Congress. 1926. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  21. ^ Page, Myra (1929). Southern Cotton Mills and Labor. Workers Library Publishers. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
  22. ^ Page, Myra (1932). Gathering storm: a story of the black belt. International Publishers. LCCN 32033994.
  23. ^ Page, Myra (1933). Soviet Main street. Co-operative publishing society of foreign workers in the U.S.S.R. LCCN 34013943.
  24. ^ Page, Myra (1935). Moscow Yankee. G.P. Putnam's sons. LCCN 35004723.
  25. ^ Page, Myra (1995). Moscow Yankee. University of Illinois Press. LCCN 95002992.
  26. ^ Page, Myra (1950). With sun in our blood. Citadel Press. LCCN 50010931.
  27. ^ Page, Myra (1950). With sun in our blood. Feminist Press at the City University of New York. LCCN 50010931.
  28. ^ Martha Campion, ed. (1935). New Pioneer Story Book. New Pioneer Publishing Company. pp. 90–95. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  29. ^ Trends in American Sociology. Harper. 1929. pp. 172–220. Retrieved 5 August 2018.

External sources edit

  • Wisconsin Historical Society: undated photo of Myra Page
  • Marxists.org, Women Authors, Myra Page (includes photo)
  • Those Good Gertrudes A Social History of Women Teachers in America - Author's Annotated Introduction to Manuscript Collections
  • Myra Page Papers, 1910-1990 at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

myra, page, dorothy, markey, born, dorothy, page, gary, 1897, 1993, known, name, 20th, century, american, communist, writer, journalist, union, activist, teacher, dorothy, markeyborndorothy, page, gary, 1897, october, 1897newport, news, virginia, usdiedoctober. Dorothy Markey born Dorothy Page Gary 1897 1993 known by the pen name Myra Page was a 20th century American communist writer journalist union activist and teacher 1 2 3 4 5 6 Dorothy MarkeyBornDorothy Page Gary 1897 10 01 October 1 1897Newport News Virginia USDiedOctober 1993 aged 95 96 EducationUniversity of Richmond BA Columbia University MA University of Minnesota PhD OccupationsWriterunion activistteacherSpouseJohn Fordyce MarkeyEspionage activityAllegiance Soviet UnionService branchprobably Comintern s OMS Service years1933 1940s RankUnknownCodenameM Burton when writing for the AFTOperationsCouriers money Writing careerPen nameMyra PageLanguageEnglishPeriod1918 1964GenreProletkultLiterary movementCommunistNotable worksGathering Storm 1932 Moscow Yankee 1935 Websitefinding aids wbr lib wbr unc wbr edu wbr 05143 wbr Contents 1 Background 2 Career 2 1 1920s 2 2 1930s 2 3 Later life 3 Communism 3 1 Party membership 3 2 Moscow 3 3 Soviet espionage 3 4 Disillusionment 3 5 Naming names 4 Personal life and death 5 Legacy 6 Works 7 See also 8 References 9 External sourcesBackground editPage was born Dorothy Page Gary on October 1 1897 in Newport News Virginia Her father s ancestors the Garys came from Wales to the Tidewater region in the 1720 Her mother s ancestors the Barhams came to Jamestown Virginia Her father Benjamin Roscoe Gary was a doctor her mother Willie Alberta Barham an artist and her home affluent middle class and progressive Colgate Darden was a friend of her brother Barham Gary in her memoir Page refers to him as Clukey Darden 1 2 3 6 In 1918 she received a bachelor s degree in English and history from Westhampton College now the University of Richmond 1 Career edit nbsp Teacher s College buildings on 120th Street NYC where Page attended classesLater in 1918 she taught school in Richmond Virginia In 1919 she started graduate studies at Columbia University She studied anthropology under Franz Boas Melvin Herskovitz and Franklin Giddings the last Marxian but not a communist Both Boas and Herskovitz challenged the prevailing theories about racial hierarchies She also took a class under John Dewey at Columbia s Teacher s College and attended courses given by theologians Harry Emerson Fosdick and Henry F Ward at Union Theological Seminary In 1920 she obtained a masters with a thesis that analyzed the effect of New York newspaper coverage on the Spanish American War She also studied writing under Helen Hunter in the English department 1 2 1920s edit While a graduate student she became active in the Young Women s Christian Association YWCA which at that time championed reform in race relations Influenced by Social Gospel she developed an antiracist consciousness and chafed against the restrictions imposed upon her as a southern white woman 1 7 nbsp Poster for YWCA 1919 which Page supportedUpon completing her master s degree in 1920 Page became a YWCA industrial secretary at a silk factory in Norfolk Virginia near her home town of Newport News and organized education for women workers 2 3 8 9 Giddings had introduced Page to the Rand School of Social Science where she had met Anna Louise Strong Mary Heaton Vorse and Scott Nearing In 1921 she returned to New York from Norfolk and studied further under Nearing at Rand at that time she first read the Manifesto of the Communist Party by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels 2 nbsp Grand Court with Organ at South End in Wanamaker s store 1917 where Page workedAgainst her family s wishes she took a factory job in Philadelphia and became a union organizer for the then pro communist Amalgamated Clothing Workers Union ACW She chose amalgamated for its emphasis on Progressivism and education Her first job was at a Wanamaker s department store Then the ACW helped her get work in a clothing sweatshop she attended an ACW led strike Page became a pants seamstress good enough that the ACW sent her to New York City for training in making button holes The ACW sent her with others to St Louis Missouri to help to unionize its biggest garment sweatshop Curlee s During a slump in 1923 she took a secretarial job and then returned home to Newport News for a few months In the spring of 1924 she returned to the New York area and got a job as a schoolteacher of American History in Teaneck New Jersey There I joined the New York City Local of the American Federation of Teachers and quickly became one of its leaders 2 3 8 By Local Page is clearly referring to Local 5 AFT AKA the New York City Teachers Union In fall 1924 she got a teaching fellowship in the History Department of the University of Minnesota chaired by F Stuart Chapin Pitirim Sorokin former secretary to Alexander Kerensky and Menshevik leader was a professor there She married fellow teacher and fellow John Markey and together they joined the American Federation of Teachers union there They both encouraged garment workers to unionize in the Twin Cities area Minneapolis and St Paul 2 In June 1926 as a member of the American Federal of Teachers union she attended a convention of the Trade Union Education League Participants included William Z Foster and John Jonstone Also in June 1926 she took a class Page and Nearing called it the Labor Research Study Group under Nearing that sought a law of social revolution though according to Whittaker Chambers an infiltration of Communists really ran the class steered the discussions and tried to make the law of social revolution a Marxian law Nearing focused on the Soviet Union Page wrote about India and the English Revolution of 1642 2 According to Whittaker Chambers but not Page their classmates included Page Chambers Sam Krieger Eve Dorf and her husband Ben Davidson 10 11 as well as Alfred J Brooks Dale Zysman Benjamin Mandel and Rachel Ragozin 12 In July September 1926 she attended first an International Teachers Union conference in Vienna Austria several related teachers union conferences in Paris France and then with Nearing a British trade union Conference in the UK After passing through New York City in part to publish her book with Nearing The Law of Social Revolution via the Federated Press she returned to Minneapolis by late September to reunite with her husband They immediately set about a central trade union committee of the Minnesota AFL and commenced workers education in Duluth 2 nbsp International Labor Defense s magazine depicts 16 prisoners from the Loray Mill strike about which Page wrote the novel Gathering StormIn June 1928 Page earned her PhD in sociology with double minor in Economics and Psychology from the University of Minnesota In the fall of 1928 she accepted a teaching position at Wheaton College Massachusetts while her husband had started another a year earlier at Connecticut College In 1926 the YWCA had helped fund her research on working conditions among garment workers in Greenville and Gastonia North Carolina and in 1929 again funded her to rewrite her doctoral thesis as Southern Cotton Mills and Labor 1929 Many lines and quotes appear later in my Gastonia novel Gathering Storm 1 2 3 6 On March 30 1929 the Loray Mill strike also known as the Gastonia Strike broke out and lasted into August Sophie Melvin future wife of Simon Gerson traveled there to join Fred Beal in organizing strikers on behalf of the Communist Party controlled National Textile Workers Union In fall 1929 her husband joined Wheaton College as head of her Sociology Department In October 1929 Page was one of scores of founding members of the John Reed Clubs Her group included Grace Lumpkin Katharine DuPre Lumpkin Dorothy Douglas Ben Appel Sophie Appel and probably Agnes Smedley who also knew most of these people During the Wall Street Crash of 1929 that started October 28 29 1929 Page had just started working as a journalist for Labor Age the ILD s Labor Defender and Southern Woman magazines Some time in 1929 Page along with Grace Lumpkin and Olive Dargin and three others began novels about the Gastonia Strike Page s novel was Gathering Storm A Story of the Black Belt published in 1932 1 2 3 1930s edit nbsp New Pioneer monthly magazine for Communist children 1931 1938 published by Young Communist League USA for which Page was editorAt the end of the 1929 1930 academic year Page and her husband left Wheaton College During the 1930s Page was a political journalist and writer 1 2 She wrote for Southern Workman Working Woman and the CPUSA newspaper The Daily Worker In 1931 she became editor for the New Pioneer monthly magazine for Communist children 1931 1938 published by Young Communist League USA She recruited her brother Barham and sister Bert to contribute stories In May 1931 she traveled with William Z Foster to hear him advocate that the United Mine Workers union split off from the AFL Page quarreled with Foster over his position but did cover the strike in the July 1931 issue 2 Page s husband John Markey joined the Labor Research Association LRA for which he contributed writings under the pseudonym John Barnett for several years LRA s directors included Anna Rochester Bill Dunne Grace Hutchins Carl Haessler and Charlotte Todes Stern Edward Dahlberg was another contributor Markey also helped organize automotive and transportation workers It was good experience but organizing was not his forte He was already best at academic teaching and research 2 As John Barnett John Markey also contributed articles to The Communist 1933 1935 13 Page spent two years in Moscow whence she wrote for American socialist journals as well as the Soviet communist publication Moscow News She also wrote her novel Moscow Yankee 1935 there 5 6 Upon their return to the States around November 1933 when the US recognized the USSR diplomatically Page and her husband lived in Brooklyn NY Page joined the editorial board of Soviet Russia Today a Soviet backed magazine edited by Jessica Smith wife of Harold Ware On May 1 1935 Page joined the League of American Writers 1935 1943 whose members included Alexander Trachtenberg of International Publishers Frank Folsom Louis Untermeyer Bromfelds who I F Stone Millen Brand Arthur Miller Lillian Hellman and Dashiell Hammett Members were largely either Communist Party members or fellow travelers Aline Bernstein mistress of Thomas Wolfe often hosted them at her home 2 Starting in August 1935 Page s husband spent a year again as John Barnett as dean of Commonwealth College a workers school in Mena Arkansas while Page taught English writing and literature Page met FLOTUS Eleanor Roosevelt when she came to visit the college 2 In March 1937 she interviewed Andre Malraux for his views on the Spanish Civil War and Hallie Flanagan about the Federal Theatre Project 2 nbsp Historical Marker for Highlander Folk School 1932 1962 where Page taught in the 1930sDuring the 1930s Page also taught school at the Writer s School underwritten by the League of American Writers itself established by the Party and based in New York City In 1937 husband John Markey got a job as educational director of the Transportation Workers Union TWU a CIO member headed by Mike Quill In the summers of 1938 and 1939 Page taught at the Highlander Folk School in Grundy County Tennessee 2 6 Later life edit In the 1940s she continued to teach at the Writer s School 1 In the 1950s and 1960s she wrote biographies for juveniles under her married name Dorothy Markey 1 Communism editParty membership edit nbsp William Z Foster undated whom Page supported amidst Party factional struggles in 1929In her memoir In a Generous Spirit Page states that both she and her husband were members of the nascent Communist Party of the USA She does not state when but from her description it seems they joined in 1928 during the height of factionalism within the Party between followers of Jay Lovestone James P Cannon and William Z Foster described at some length in the memoir of Whittaker Chambers Page states that she and her husband supported Foster because he was a union man 1 2 By the fall of 1930 after they had let their contracts to teach expire at Wheaton College her husband John and I began to work full time for the movement i e for the Party In 1931 she became editor for the New Pioneer monthly magazine for Communist children 1931 1938 published by Young Communist League USA 2 Moscow edit Page and her husband first traveled to Moscow in the summer of 1928 crossing Europe on foot where they joined a group of visitors led by John Dewey They went again in September 1931 by ship in the company of Gastonia strike leader Fred Beal of the National Textile Workers Union returning to Soviet exile after an undercover visit to the United States where in 1929 he had been convicted in Gastonia for conspiracy in the strike related death of a policeman Beal was later to write disaparagingly of those westerners who like Page were made comfortable in Moscow by the party state bureaucracy he identified as a new exploiting class 14 15 Page stayed through mid year 1933 2 by which time Beal in Kharkov but not she in Moscow witnessed the famine produced by Stalin s collectivisation policies 16 Soviet espionage edit nbsp Firefighters struggle to extinguish the Reichstag Fire on February 27 1933 which endangered the mission of Page s husband John Markey to Germany later that summerIn the same memoir she states that they both worked in the Soviet underground starting from their days in Russia 1932 She states that husband John Markey worked in agriculture and so came to meet and know Harold Ware founder of the Ware Group which Whittaker Chambers took over upon Ware s death in 1935 2 Page is clear about joining the Soviet underground While we were in the Soviet Union John and I worked with the worldwide underground movement against the fascists We worked for whoever made contact with us that we trusted in Moscow or outside the Soviet Union Contacts in Moscow usually asked me to do a job and if I wanted to do it I did it 2 Page emphasized this last point by stating further I was never forced to do anything She recounts a request while in Moscow for her to take money to China when traveling home but she declined The Soviets also asked her to stay in Moscow to help make a movie about America but the idea seemed crazy and I refused 2 During the summer of 1933 the Soviets also had her husband deliver money to Hamburg for the underground on his way home to America Apparently the Soviets intended to have them make separate journeys home When I said goodbye to John I didn t know whether I would ever see him again We did what we felt we had to do and that included risking our lives 2 The immediate risk Page is referring to was probably the 1933 Nazi takeover of Germany and immediate liquidation of the German Communist Party and its members specifically the Reichstag Fire and resulting Reichstag Fire Decree of February 28 1933 Most foreigners joined the Soviet underground via the Comintern s International Liaison Department or OMS Russian language acronym Disillusionment edit During their second visit 1931 1933 Page claims to have not realized how privileged a life they led living at the Lux Hotel and buying scarce good easily with valudas American style paper money instead of Soviet roubles Louis Fischer discussed the current famine in Ukraine but they dismissed him as a salaried newspaperman We didn t know about the horrors of collectivization because we chose not to know Fischer was right but we didn t believe him 2 She had not known about the matter of the purges because the Soviets were covering up the facts 1 2 8 4 6 During the early 1950s McCarthy Era she notes my work as a writer was interrupted Viking Press canceled publication of her novel Daughter of Man despite the support of editor Pascal Covici and book agents Mavis Macintosh and Elizabeth Otis who also represented John Steinbeck among others Eventually Citadel Press published it under a new title With Sun in Our Blood 2 Page documents her departure from the Party I left the Party in 1953 having lost faith that it could do the job it was supposed to do My disillusionment was gradual Gradually we just plain lost confidence in the party Ever since the Amalgamated convention in Chicago in the early twenties the Party seemed too quarrelsome and sectarian for me 2 She also added nuance to her decision I m resentful that people think we listened only to Moscow and that when Stalin was exposed by Khruschev we lost our idol and therefore quit the Path Stalin was not the reason we left He was part of our disillusionment but he wan t the reason we got out Party members were not so attached to the Soviet Union that the Khruschev revelations made them change their whole lives That wasn t the way we saw the world we saw the world mainly from the U S point of view because that was our experience 2 Note that Page dates her departure not to the 1956 Secret Speech by Nikita Khrushchev but to 1953 the height of the McCarthy Era Naming names edit Page never testified before any congressional or other committees during the McCarthy Era though the FBI did interview her they failed to connect John Barnett with John Markey however Friends of theirs who were subpoenaed to testify include to be determined Friends who refused to testify include W E B DuBois who died a member of the Communist party 2 In her 1996 memoir by which time most of her generation had died she names scores of people she had known 2 Page recounts only mild bitterness over fallings out with some friends and does little scandal mongering e g the affairs of Party leader Earl Browder with Kitty Harris and eventual wife Raissa 2 Personal life and death editIn 1924 she met and later married fellow teacher fellow John Fordyce Markey July 27 1898 May 14 1991 from West Virginia coal country She had two children daughter Dorothy May Markey Kanfer May born April 21 1935 wife of Stefan Kanfer and adopted son John Ross Markey 1 2 6 17 18 19 By the late 1920s she chose the pen name Myra Page after a cousin with the same name because I could be freer in what I wrote without a name that would be immediately identified with my parents Another reason for the pen name was that I couldn t very well teach sociology in a university and write radical journalism and fiction at the same time I could teach as Dorothy Gary and write as Myra Page Only later during the McCarthy period did I begin to write again under my real name 2 Myra Page may first appear in print in 1926 20 The transformation continued in the first issue of Gathering Storm where her name appears as Dorothy Myra Page By the 1930 husband John Markey also adopted a pen name as John Barnett the Party advised him to use a pseudonym so he could resume a regular teaching career 2 Page died in 1993 1 Legacy editThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill has archived Page s papers University of Maine English professor Christina Looper Baker August 18 1939 January 13 2013 wrote a 210 page memoir from interviews and papers called In a Generous Spirit A First Person Biography of Myra Page Urbana University of Illinois Press 1996 Works editIn her posthumously published 1996 memoir Page describes her anger at racial discrimination in her childhood manifested by the treatment she witnessed of her Black friends and expressed in her first published piece Colorblind in The Crisis magazine published while she was studying at Columbia c 1920 by W E B DuBois who became her friend 2 By the late 1920s as a radical pro worker communist writer Page became one of scores of American writers who embraced Proletkult which after Stalin came to full power emerged as Socialist Realism advocated in the US by New Masses editor in chief Mike Gold 2 Of her works Gathering Storm 1932 is significant as both proletariat novel and focal point on the black belt thesis while Moscow Yankee chronicles an unemployed American autoworker who emigrates to the Soviet Union for work 6 I did not see the novel as propaganda she said of it Instead she included it among a group of works on Gastonia particularly by women She calls Mary Heaton Vorse s account Gastonia 1929 as more reportage than novel She considers the account of Olive Tilford Dargan writing under pen name Fielding Burke Call Home the Heart well written though romanticized She considers Grace Lumpkin s book To Make My Bread equal to her own because they both wrote from the same orientation as Southern women who had seen poverty 2 During the 1940s Page published no more fiction books her last novel With the Sun in Our Blood 1950 was in fact drafted during the 1930s after transcribing an oral history by Dolly Hawkins whom Page had known while they both were organizers in Arkansas 4 Novels Southern Cotton Mills and Labor introduced by Bill Dunne 1929 21 Gathering Storm A Story of the Black Belt as Dorothy Myra Page 1932 22 Soviet Main Street with photography by Abram Pogovsky Soyuzphoto 1933 23 Moscow Yankee 1935 1995 24 25 With Sun in Our Blood 1950 26 Reissue Daughter of the Hills A Woman s Part in the Coal Miners Struggle introduced by Alice Kessler Harris and Paul Lauter afterword by Deborah S Rosenfelt 1950 1986 4 27 Short stories chapters articles American Working Women Workers News Fall 1934 Leave Them Meters Be Workers News Fall 1934 Water Workers News Fall 1934 The Girl Who Was Afraid Southern Worker 1934 Men in Chains The Nation as Myra Page 1935 Pickets and Slippery Sticks chapter in New Pioneer Story Book 1935 28 Juvenile Biographies The Little Giant of Schenectady Charles Steinmetz 1956 as Dorothy Markey Explorer of Sound Michael Pupin 1964 as Dorothy Markey Articles Chapters Colorblind The Crisis magazine c 1920 as Dorothy Gary The Developing Study of Culture as Dorothy P Gary Trends in American Sociology 1929 29 Bourgeois Apologists and the South reviews The Communist September 1930 Grey Wash review The Communist May 1931 The Cropper Prepares The New Masses February 11 1936 Malraux on Spain Daily Worker March 7 1937 Hallie Flanagan publication unknown c 1937 Cardenas Speaks for Mexico The New Masses August 30 1938 Cornish Miners review The New Masses November 18 1941 Farm Saga review Myra Page The New Masses March 3 1942 Autobiography In a Generous Spirit A First Person Biography of Myra Page with Christina Looper Baker 1996 2 See also editStefan Kanfer Grace Lumpkin Esther Shemitz Whittaker Chambers Wanda Gag Marguerite Young journalist ProletkultReferences edit a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Myra Page Papers 1910 1990 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 2004 Retrieved 2017 11 19 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an Page Myra Baker Christina Looper 1996 In a Generous Spirit A First Person Biography of Myra Page University of Illinois Press pp 5 9 family 43 46 Columbia 48 52 Norfolk 53 manifesto 54 66 Amalgamated 67 teacher 68 71 Markey 84 CPUSA Fosterite 85 86 Nearing 86 88 Gastonia Vienna 92 PhD 93 97 Wheaton 94 96 1st trip USSR 98 Southern Cotton Mills 99 Dunne bro s 100 John Reed Club 101 journalist full time Party 101 102 LRA 102 Darden 103 New Pioneer 105 Smedley 109 pen name 110 Mike Gold Colorblind 111 118 Gathering Storm 119 120 Beal 119 137 2nd trip USSR 120 Browder 121 Harold Ware 123 124 horrors 125 127 Soviet Main Street Podolsk 135 136 underground 140 141 return US 11 1933 141 Soviet Russia Today 144 daughter s birth 145 League of American Writers 146 book contract 146 147 Malraux 147 155 Commonwealth College 155 TWU Flanagan 155 156 Highlander 157 Aline Bernstein 180 186 McCarthyism 186 187 disillusion ISBN 9780252065439 Retrieved 4 August 2018 a b c d e f Mantooth Wes 25 July 2006 You Factory Folks Who Sing This Song Will Surely Understand Culture Ideology and Action in the Gastonia Novels of Myra Page Grace Lumpkin and Olive Dargin Routledge pp 19 novels 20 36 bio ISBN 9781135515393 Retrieved 4 August 2018 a b c d Wald Alan M 15 October 2012 American Night The Literary Left in the Era of the Cold War UNC Press pp 103 dates 108 Party ISBN 9780807837344 Retrieved 4 August 2018 a b Choi Chatterjee Beth Holmgren eds 2013 Americans Experience Russia Encountering the Enigma 1917 to the Present Routledge p 97 ISBN 9780415893411 Retrieved 4 August 2018 a b c d e f g h M Keith Booker ed 2005 Encyclopedia of Literature and Politics Greenwood Publishing Group pp 543 544 ISBN 9780313329401 Retrieved 4 August 2018 Booker M Keith 2005 Encyclopedia of Literature and Politics H R Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 978 0 313 32940 1 a b c Mickenberg Julia L Nel Philip 2008 Tales for Little Rebels A Collection of Radical Children s Literature NYU Press ISBN 978 0 8147 5720 8 Retrieved 4 August 2018 Lee Elisabeth Grace 2017 Pilgrims Progress Southern Social Activists Journey from Christianity to Communism during the 1920s and 1930s PDF MA North Carolina State University pp 1 2 Social Gospel 31 Page YYCA Chambers Whittaker 1952 Witness New York Random House pp 213 Nearing classmates 536 Mandel LCCN 52005149 Lambert Bruce 22 December 1991 Ben Davidson 90 a Co Founder Of the Liberal Party in New York New York Times Retrieved 7 April 2013 Iversen Robert W 1959 The Communists amp the Schools p 21 Retrieved 7 April 2013 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a newspaper ignored help The Communist Contents by Issue 1927 1944 Marxist Internet Archive Retrieved 17 January 2019 Beal Fred Erwin 1937 Proletarian journey New England Gastonia Moscow New York Hillman Curl pp xiii xiv Disler Mathew 2018 This Crusading Socialist Taught America s Workers to Fight in 1929 Narratively Retrieved 2022 01 02 Beal 1937 pp 283 305 Christina Looper Baker Bangor Daily News 18 January 2013 Retrieved 3 August 2018 Janet Galligani Casey ed 2004 The Novel and the American Left Critical Essays on Depression Era Fiction University of Iowa Press p 58 fn8 ISBN 9781587294754 Retrieved 3 August 2018 Book Review Digist H W Wilson Company 1997 96 Retrieved 3 August 2018 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help The Law of Social Revolution Library of Congress 1926 Retrieved 5 March 2016 Page Myra 1929 Southern Cotton Mills and Labor Workers Library Publishers Retrieved 3 August 2018 Page Myra 1932 Gathering storm a story of the black belt International Publishers LCCN 32033994 Page Myra 1933 Soviet Main street Co operative publishing society of foreign workers in the U S S R LCCN 34013943 Page Myra 1935 Moscow Yankee G P Putnam s sons LCCN 35004723 Page Myra 1995 Moscow Yankee University of Illinois Press LCCN 95002992 Page Myra 1950 With sun in our blood Citadel Press LCCN 50010931 Page Myra 1950 With sun in our blood Feminist Press at the City University of New York LCCN 50010931 Martha Campion ed 1935 New Pioneer Story Book New Pioneer Publishing Company pp 90 95 Retrieved 4 August 2018 Trends in American Sociology Harper 1929 pp 172 220 Retrieved 5 August 2018 External sources editWisconsin Historical Society undated photo of Myra Page Marxists org Women Authors Myra Page includes photo Those Good Gertrudes A Social History of Women Teachers in America Author s Annotated Introduction to Manuscript Collections Myra Page Papers 1910 1990 at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Myra Page amp oldid 1177370283, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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