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Mydas fly

January 01, 1970

The Mydidae (sometimes misspelled as Mydaidae), or Mydas flies, are a cosmopolitan family of flies. It is a small family, with about 471 species described.[1] They are generally large in size, including the largest known fly, Gauromydas heros (syn. Mydas heros). Many of the species, in addition to their large size, are mimics of stinging hymenopterans, especially wasps. Most mydids are found in arid and semiarid regions of the world,[1] but they are also found in other habitats.

Wing venation of Mydas sp.

Biology edit

Little is known about their biology, though Zikan reported the larvae of Gauromydas heros live in the subterranean detritus "pans" of Atta ants in southern Brazil, where they appear to be feeding on detritivorous Dynastinae (Coelosis spp.) larvae. In the U.S., Mydas brunneus, Mydas clavatus, and Mydas tibialis larvae are predatory on deadwood-feeding scarab beetle larvae (Osmoderma spp.) and can be found in standing and downed trees with extensive heart rot. Others (e.g. Mydas maculiventris) are subterranean and feed on "white grubs" (Scarabaeidae: genus Phyllophaga) that attack the roots of grasses and could be potential biocontrol agents of white grubs in sod production areas. Larvae typically take two or three years to mature. Adults of several species are avid flower visitors and act as pollinating agents. Rattlesnake master (Eryngium yuccifolium) is a favorite nectar source in the Midwest. They are infrequently encountered as the adult lifespan can be quite short.

Description edit

For terms see Morphology of Diptera.

Mydids are medium-sized to very large flies (9–60 mm in body length). The abdomen is long and cylindrical in section. It is slightly tapered apically in the male, and usually widest at segment four in the female. The second segment of the antenna forms a club. Mydids are sparsely pilose, and lack bristles except on the legs. The hind leg is much longer and stronger than both the middle leg and the fore leg and the hind femur is usually swollen and bears ventral spines. The hind tibia has an apical spur or bristles. The wings are long, and narrow to wide. Most of the veins end in the upper margin before the apex.[2]

Classification edit

The classification of the family has changed fairly recently, with the inclusion of a few genera that were previously placed in the family Apioceridae. Apiocerids have long been given the common name "flower-loving flies", but the only group of "flower-loving flies" that actually visit flowers were transferred to the Mydidae. Among the genera transferred is Rhaphiomidas, which includes one of the few Diptera on the United States' Endangered Species List, the Delhi Sands flower-loving fly (Rhaphiomidas terminatus abdominalis).[3][4]

Evolutionary history edit

The oldest known member of the family is Cretomydas from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) Crato Formation of Brazil. The genus appears to have close affinites to the subfamily Diochlistinae, suggesting a Cretaceous diversification for the family.[5]

Species lists edit

  • Australasian/Oceanian
  • Nearctic
  • World list

Genera edit

Data sources: i = ITIS,[22] c = Catalogue of Life,[23] g = GBIF,[24] b = Bugguide.net[25]

References edit

  1. ^ a b Lyons, Kathleen; Dikow, Torsten (29 December 2010). "Taxonomic revision of Ectyphus Gerstaecker, 1868 and Parectyphus Hesse, 1972 with a key to world Ectyphinae (Insecta, Diptera, Mydidae)". ZooKeys (73): 25–59. doi:10.3897/zookeys.73.840. PMC 3088457. PMID 21594051.
  2. ^ Calhau, Julia; Lamas, Carlos José Einicker; Nihei, Silvio Shigueo (2015). "Review of the Gauromydas giant flies (Insecta, Diptera, Mydidae), with descriptions of two new species from Central and South America" (PDF). Zootaxa. 4048 (3). Auckland, New Zealand: Magnolia Press: 392–411. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4048.3.3. ISSN 1175-5326. PMID 26624754. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
  3. ^ a b c Wilcox, J.; Papavero, N. (1971). "The American genera of Mydidae (Diptera), with the description of three new genera and two new species". Arquivos de Zoologia. 21 (2): 41–119. doi:10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v21i2p41-119. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  4. ^ Wilcox, J.; Papavero, N. (1975). "Studies of Mydidae (Diptera) systematics and evolution. III. The genus Messiasia d'Andretta in the Americas (Mydinae)". Arquivos de Zoologia. 26 (1). São Paulo: 1–48. doi:10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v26i1p1-48. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
  5. ^ Pouillon, Jean-Marc; Nel, André (December 2020). "Revision of the Early Cretaceous mydid Cretomydas santanensis (Diptera: Mydidae)" (PDF). Cretaceous Research. 116: 104604. Bibcode:2020CrRes.11604604P. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104604. S2CID 225281087.
  6. ^ a b c Béquaert, M. (1961). "Contribution a la connaissance morphologique et a la classification des Mydaidae (Diptera)". Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. 37 (19): 1–18.
  7. ^ a b Hesse, A.J. (1969). "The Mydaidae (Diptera) of southern Africa". Annals of the South African Museum. 54: 1–388. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  8. ^ a b c Papavero, N.; Wilcox, J. (1974). "Studies of Mydidae (Diptera) systematics and evolution. I. A preliminary classification in subfamilies, with the descriptions of two new genera from the Oriental and Australian regions. II. Classification of the Mydinae, with description of a new genus and a revision of Ceriomydas Williston". Arquivos de Zoologia. 25 (1): 1–60. doi:10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v25i1p1-34.
  9. ^ Philippi, Rodolfo Amando (1865). "Aufzahlung der chilenischen Dipteren". Abhandlungen der Zool.-Botan. Gesellschaft in Wien. 15: 595–782. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
  10. ^ a b c d Wilcox, J.; Papavero, N.; Pimentel, T. (1989). Studies of Mydidae (Diptera). IVb. Mydas and allies in the Americas (Mydinae, Mydini). Belém: Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi. pp. 139 pp.
  11. ^ Ponting, J. (2021). "Belemiana, a replacement name for Utinga Wilcox, Papavero & Pimentel, 1989 (Diptera, Mydidae), junior homonym of Utinga Marcus, 1949 (Bryozoa, Petraliidae)". Zootaxa. 5071 (1): 151–165. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5071.1.10. PMID 34810674. S2CID 244484256.
  12. ^ Williston, S.W. (1898). "Notes and descriptions of Mydaidae". Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 15: 53–58.
  13. ^ Macquart, Pierre-Justin-Marie (1848). "Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Suite du 2.me supplement. [=Suppl. 3] (2)". Mem. Soc. R. Sci. Agric. Arts, Lille. 1847 (2): 161–237, 7 pls.
  14. ^ Bezzi, M. (1924). "The South African Mydaidae (Diptera) as represented in the South African Museum". Annals of the South African Museum. 19: 191–234. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
  15. ^ Kondratieff, Boris C.; Carr, Ryan J.; Irwin, M.E. (2005). "Two new genera and four new species of Mydidae (Diptera) from Madagascar". Zootaxa. 978: 1–14. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.978.1.1. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  16. ^ Hardy, D.E. (1945). "New Asilidae and Mydaidae (Diptera) in the Snow Collection". The Canadian Entomologist. 76[1944: 226–230, 1 pl.
  17. ^ a b Hesse, A.J. (1972). "New Mydaidae (Diptera) from the Namib Desert and southwestern Africa". Annals of the South African Museum. 60: 109–171. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  18. ^ Fabricius, J.C. (1794). Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta. Tome IV. Hafniae [= Copenhagen]: C.G. Proft. pp. [6] + 472 + [5] pp.
  19. ^ Curran, Charles Howard (1934). The families and genera of North American Diptera. New York: Ballou Press. pp. 512 pp. 2 pls.
  20. ^ Bigot, J.M.F. (1880). "[Diagnoses de trois genres nouveaux de diptères.]". Bulletin (Bimensuel) de la Société Entomologique de France. 1880 (6): 62–63. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
  21. ^ Osten Sacken, C.R. (1877). "Western Diptera: Descriptions of new genera and species of Diptera from the region west of the Mississippi and especially from California". Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories. 3 (189–354). doi:10.5962/bhl.title.57939.
  22. ^ "Mydidae Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
  23. ^ "Browse Mydidae". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
  24. ^ "Mydidae". GBIF. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
  25. ^ "Mydidae Family Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-04-12.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mydidae.
  • Torsten Dikow's Website on Mydidae
  • Mydidae Tree of Life
  • Family Mydidae at EOL
  • Mydidae in Italian

January 01, 1970
mydas, mydidae, sometimes, misspelled, mydaidae, mydas, flies, cosmopolitan, family, flies, small, family, with, about, species, described, they, generally, large, size, including, largest, known, gauromydas, heros, mydas, heros, many, species, addition, their. The Mydidae sometimes misspelled as Mydaidae or Mydas flies are a cosmopolitan family of flies It is a small family with about 471 species described 1 They are generally large in size including the largest known fly Gauromydas heros syn Mydas heros Many of the species in addition to their large size are mimics of stinging hymenopterans especially wasps Most mydids are found in arid and semiarid regions of the world 1 but they are also found in other habitats Mydas fliesTemporal range Aptian Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Gauromydas heros Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta Order Diptera Superfamily Asiloidea Family MydidaeLatreille 1809 Subfamilies Anomalomydinae Apiophorinae Cacatuopyginae Diochlistinae Ectyphinae Leptomydinae Megascelinae Mydinae Rhaphiomidinae Rhopaliinae Syllegomydinae Wing venation of Mydas sp Contents 1 Biology 2 Description 3 Classification 4 Evolutionary history 5 Species lists 6 Genera 7 References 8 External linksBiology editLittle is known about their biology though Zikan reported the larvae of Gauromydas heros live in the subterranean detritus pans of Atta ants in southern Brazil where they appear to be feeding on detritivorous Dynastinae Coelosis spp larvae In the U S Mydas brunneus Mydas clavatus and Mydas tibialis larvae are predatory on deadwood feeding scarab beetle larvae Osmoderma spp and can be found in standing and downed trees with extensive heart rot Others e g Mydas maculiventris are subterranean and feed on white grubs Scarabaeidae genus Phyllophaga that attack the roots of grasses and could be potential biocontrol agents of white grubs in sod production areas Larvae typically take two or three years to mature Adults of several species are avid flower visitors and act as pollinating agents Rattlesnake master Eryngium yuccifolium is a favorite nectar source in the Midwest They are infrequently encountered as the adult lifespan can be quite short Description editFor terms see Morphology of Diptera Mydids are medium sized to very large flies 9 60 mm in body length The abdomen is long and cylindrical in section It is slightly tapered apically in the male and usually widest at segment four in the female The second segment of the antenna forms a club Mydids are sparsely pilose and lack bristles except on the legs The hind leg is much longer and stronger than both the middle leg and the fore leg and the hind femur is usually swollen and bears ventral spines The hind tibia has an apical spur or bristles The wings are long and narrow to wide Most of the veins end in the upper margin before the apex 2 Classification editThe classification of the family has changed fairly recently with the inclusion of a few genera that were previously placed in the family Apioceridae Apiocerids have long been given the common name flower loving flies but the only group of flower loving flies that actually visit flowers were transferred to the Mydidae Among the genera transferred is Rhaphiomidas which includes one of the few Diptera on the United States Endangered Species List the Delhi Sands flower loving fly Rhaphiomidas terminatus abdominalis 3 4 Evolutionary history editThe oldest known member of the family is Cretomydas from the Early Cretaceous Aptian Crato Formation of Brazil The genus appears to have close affinites to the subfamily Diochlistinae suggesting a Cretaceous diversification for the family 5 Species lists editWest Palaearctic including Russia Australasian Oceanian Nearctic Japan World listGenera editAfroleptomydas Bequaert 1961 6 Afromydas Bequaert 1961 6 Agaperemius Hesse 1969 7 Anomalomydas Papavero amp Wilcox 1974 8 Apiophora Philippi 1865 9 Arenomydas Hesse 1969c g Baliomydas Papavero amp Pimentel 1989 10 Belemiana Pontia 2020 11 Cacatuopyga Papavero amp Wilcox 1974 8 Cephalocerac g Cephalocerodes Hesse 1969c g Ceriomydas Williston 1898 12 Charimydasc g Chrysomydas Papavero amp Pimentel 1989 Diochlistus Gerstaecker 1868c g Dolichogaster Macquart 1848 13 Ectyphus Gerstaecker 1868c g Eremohaplomydasc g Eremomidasc g Eumydasc g Gauromydas Papavero amp Pimentel 1989 10 Halterorchis Bezzi 1924 14 Haplomydasc g Hessemydas Carr amp Irwin 2005 15 Heteroleptomydasc g Heteromydas Hardy 1944 16 Hispanomydasc g Lachnocorynus Hesse 1969c g Leptomydas Gerstaecker 1868c g Mahafalymydasc g Mapinguari Papavero amp Wilcox 1974 8 Megascelusc g Messiasia d Andretta 1951i c g b Midacritusc g Miltinus Gerstaecker 1868c g Mimadelphus Hesse 1972 17 Mitrodetus Gerstaecker 1868c g Mydas Fabricius 1794 18 Mydaselpisc g Namadytes Hesse 1969c g Namibimydas Hesse 1972 17 Nemomydas Curran 1934i c g b Neolaparopsis Hesse 1969c g Neorhaphiomidasc g Nomoneurac g Nomoneuroides Hesse 1969c g Nothomydas Hesse 1969 7 Notosyllegomydas Hesse 1969c g Opomydas Curran 1934 19 Oreomydas Hesse 1969c g Paramydasc g Parectyphusc g Perissocerus Gerstaecker 1868c g Phyllomydas Bigot 1880 20 Plyomydas Papavero 1971 3 Protomydas Papavero amp Pimentel 1989 10 Pseudonomoneura Bequaert 1961 6 Pseudorhopalia Wilcox amp Papavero 1971 3 Rhaphiomidas Osten Sacken 1877 21 Rhopaliac g Rhopalianac g Stratiomydas Papavero amp Pimentel 1989 10 Syllegomydasc g Tongamyac g Vespiodes Hesse 1969c g Data sources i ITIS 22 c Catalogue of Life 23 g GBIF 24 b Bugguide net 25 References edit a b Lyons Kathleen Dikow Torsten 29 December 2010 Taxonomic revision of Ectyphus Gerstaecker 1868 and Parectyphus Hesse 1972 with a key to world Ectyphinae Insecta Diptera Mydidae ZooKeys 73 25 59 doi 10 3897 zookeys 73 840 PMC 3088457 PMID 21594051 Calhau Julia Lamas Carlos Jose Einicker Nihei Silvio Shigueo 2015 Review of the Gauromydas giant flies Insecta Diptera Mydidae with descriptions of two new species from Central and South America PDF Zootaxa 4048 3 Auckland New Zealand Magnolia Press 392 411 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 4048 3 3 ISSN 1175 5326 PMID 26624754 Retrieved 17 March 2017 a b c Wilcox J Papavero N 1971 The American genera of Mydidae Diptera with the description of three new genera and two new species Arquivos de Zoologia 21 2 41 119 doi 10 11606 issn 2176 7793 v21i2p41 119 Retrieved 3 June 2023 Wilcox J Papavero N 1975 Studies of Mydidae Diptera systematics and evolution III The genus Messiasia d Andretta in the Americas Mydinae Arquivos de Zoologia 26 1 Sao Paulo 1 48 doi 10 11606 issn 2176 7793 v26i1p1 48 Retrieved 17 March 2017 Pouillon Jean Marc Nel Andre December 2020 Revision of the Early Cretaceous mydid Cretomydas santanensis Diptera Mydidae PDF Cretaceous Research 116 104604 Bibcode 2020CrRes 11604604P doi 10 1016 j cretres 2020 104604 S2CID 225281087 a b c Bequaert M 1961 Contribution a la connaissance morphologique et a la classification des Mydaidae Diptera Bulletin de l Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 37 19 1 18 a b Hesse A J 1969 The Mydaidae Diptera of southern Africa Annals of the South African Museum 54 1 388 Retrieved 3 June 2023 a b c Papavero N Wilcox J 1974 Studies of Mydidae Diptera systematics and evolution I A preliminary classification in subfamilies with the descriptions of two new genera from the Oriental and Australian regions II Classification of the Mydinae with description of a new genus and a revision of Ceriomydas Williston Arquivos de Zoologia 25 1 1 60 doi 10 11606 issn 2176 7793 v25i1p1 34 Philippi Rodolfo Amando 1865 Aufzahlung der chilenischen Dipteren Abhandlungen der Zool Botan Gesellschaft in Wien 15 595 782 Retrieved 28 April 2019 a b c d Wilcox J Papavero N Pimentel T 1989 Studies of Mydidae Diptera IVb Mydas and allies in the Americas Mydinae Mydini Belem Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi pp 139 pp Ponting J 2021 Belemiana a replacement name for Utinga Wilcox Papavero amp Pimentel 1989 Diptera Mydidae junior homonym of Utinga Marcus 1949 Bryozoa Petraliidae Zootaxa 5071 1 151 165 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 5071 1 10 PMID 34810674 S2CID 244484256 Williston S W 1898 Notes and descriptions of Mydaidae Trans Kans Acad Sci 15 53 58 Macquart Pierre Justin Marie 1848 Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus Suite du 2 me supplement Suppl 3 2 Mem Soc R Sci Agric Arts Lille 1847 2 161 237 7 pls Bezzi M 1924 The South African Mydaidae Diptera as represented in the South African Museum Annals of the South African Museum 19 191 234 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Kondratieff Boris C Carr Ryan J Irwin M E 2005 Two new genera and four new species of Mydidae Diptera from Madagascar Zootaxa 978 1 14 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 978 1 1 Retrieved 3 June 2023 Hardy D E 1945 New Asilidae and Mydaidae Diptera in the Snow Collection The Canadian Entomologist 76 1944 226 230 1 pl a b Hesse A J 1972 New Mydaidae Diptera from the Namib Desert and southwestern Africa Annals of the South African Museum 60 109 171 Retrieved 3 June 2023 Fabricius J C 1794 Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta Tome IV Hafniae Copenhagen C G Proft pp 6 472 5 pp Curran Charles Howard 1934 The families and genera of North American Diptera New York Ballou Press pp 512 pp 2 pls Bigot J M F 1880 Diagnoses de trois genres nouveaux de dipteres Bulletin Bimensuel de la Societe Entomologique de France 1880 6 62 63 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Osten Sacken C R 1877 Western Diptera Descriptions of new genera and species of Diptera from the region west of the Mississippi and especially from California Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories 3 189 354 doi 10 5962 bhl title 57939 Mydidae Report Integrated Taxonomic Information System Retrieved 2018 04 12 Browse Mydidae Catalogue of Life Retrieved 2018 04 12 Mydidae GBIF Retrieved 2018 04 12 Mydidae Family Information BugGuide net Retrieved 2018 04 12 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mydidae Torsten Dikow s Website on Mydidae Mydidae Tree of Life Family Mydidae at EOL Mydidae in Italian Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mydas fly amp oldid 1208137864, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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