Museum of Old and New Art
The Museum of Old and New Art (MONA) is an art museum located within the Moorilla winery on the Berriedale peninsula in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. It is the largest privately funded museum in the Southern Hemisphere.[2] MONA houses ancient, modern and contemporary art from the David Walsh collection. Noted for its central themes of sex and death, the museum has been described by Walsh as a "subversive adult Disneyland".[3]
MONA, 2015 | |
Location within Tasmania | |
Former name | Moorilla Museum of Antiquities |
|---|---|
| Established | 2011 |
| Location | Hobart, Tasmania, Australia |
| Coordinates | 42°48′46″S 147°15′40″E / 42.81278°S 147.26111°E |
| Type | |
| Key holdings | |
| Collection size | 1,900 |
| Visitors | 347,000 (2018)[1] |
| Curator | Olivier Varenne Jarrod Rawlins Emma Pike |
| Architect | Fender Katsalidis Architects |
| Owner | David Walsh |
| Public transit access | |
| Nearest car park | On site |
| Website | www |
MONA was officially opened on 21 January 2011. Along with its frequently updated indoor collection, Mona also hosts the annual Mona Foma and Dark Mofo music and arts festivals which showcase large-scale public art and live performances.
History edit
The precursor to MONA, the Moorilla Museum of Antiquities, was founded in 2001 by Tasmanian millionaire David Walsh.[4] It closed on 20 May 2006[5] to undergo $75 million renovations.
The new museum was officially opened on 21 January 2011, coinciding with the third MOFO festival. The afternoon opening party was attended by 1,350 invited guests. 2,500 members of the public were selected by random ballot for the evening event which included performances by The DC3, True Live, The Scientists of Modern Music, Wire, Health and The Cruel Sea.[6]
Architecture edit
The single-storey MONA building appears at street level to be dominated by its surroundings, but its interior possesses a spiral staircase that leads down to three larger levels of labyrinthine display spaces built into the side of the cliffs around Berriedale peninsula.[7][8] The decision to build it largely underground was taken, according to Walsh, to preserve the heritage setting of the two Roy Grounds houses on the property. Walsh has also said that he wanted a building that "could sneak up on visitors rather than broadcast its presence ... 'a sense of danger' that would enliven the experience of viewing art".[9] Most visitors approach by ferry up the River Derwent.[8]
There are no windows and the atmosphere is intentionally ominous. On entering the museum, visitors descend a "seemingly endless flight of stairs", an experience one critic compared with "going down into Petra".[9] To see the art, the visitor must work back upwards towards the surface, a trajectory that has been contrasted with the descending spiral that many visitors follow in New York's Guggenheim Museum.[10]
Katsalidis's architecture for the museum has been praised as not only fulfilling its function as a showcase for a collection, but also succeeding as it "extends and magnifies into an experience ... there is a sense that the work, the lighting, the space and the materiality have been choreographed with subtlety and skill into a singular if hugely idiosyncratic whole."[10]
Expenses edit
Operational costs of A$8 million per annum are underpinned by the winery, brewery, restaurant and hotel on the same site.[11] In May 2011, it was announced that the museum would end its policy of free entry and introduce an entry fee to interstate and overseas visitors while remaining free for Tasmanians.[12]
MONA also offers an unusual membership program called "Eternity Membership", which not only includes lifetime free admission but notably earns members the right to be cremated and their remains housed in the MONA Cemetery.[13][14]
Collection edit
The museum houses over 1,900 artistic works from David Walsh's private collection. Notable works in its inaugural exhibition, Monanism, included Australia's largest modernist artwork, Sidney Nolan's Snake mural, displayed publicly for the first time in Australia;[15] Wim Delvoye's Cloaca Professional, a machine which replicates the human digestive system and turns food into faeces, excreting it daily;[7] Stephen Shanabrook's On the road to heaven the highway to hell, remains of a suicide bomber cast in dark chocolate;[16] and Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting created partially with elephant dung.[7] The collection was valued in 2011 at more than $100 million.[17]
The artworks on display are in non-chronological order and without museum labels. Instead, visitors can download a mobile application called 'The O', which displays information about nearby artworks and a map of the users current location by using sensors located inside the building. Previously, 'The O' was an iPod-like device, which had similar functionality. Users of The O can select different interpretations of any given piece: 'Summary' (a brief description of the work and its artist); 'Art Wank' (curator's notes); 'Gonzo' (Walsh's personal opinions and stories), 'Ideas' (quotes and talking points); and 'Media' (oftentimes interviews with artists). Walsh also commissioned Damian Cowell, frontman of satirical Melbourne band TISM, to write and record songs about certain works for the original 'The O' device. They were released as a free album, Vs Art, with MONA's 2010 book Monanisms.[18]
Reception edit
Michael Connor of the conservative literary and cultural magazine Quadrant said that "MONA is the art of the exhausted, of a decaying civilisation. Display lights and taste and stunning effects illuminate moral bankruptcy. What is highlighted melds perfectly with contemporary high fashion, design, architecture, cinema. It is expensive and tense decay."[19]
Richard Dorment, art critic for the UK newspaper The Daily Telegraph, said that Walsh "doesn't collect famous names; his indifference to fashion is one of the strengths of the collection. He likes art that is fun and grabs your attention, that packs a sting in the tail or a punch in the solar plexus."[20]
Lawsuit edit
In March 2024, Jason Lau, a visitor from New South Wales, filed a lawsuit against the museum, saying that it engaged in illegal discrimination by barring him from seeing its "Ladies Lounge" exhibition, which its creators had intended to provide a safe place for women to enjoy each other's company and to highlight the exclusion faced by women for decades. The museum's legal counsel acknowledged that he had been discriminated against, but added that it was part of the intended experience of the artwork. Artist Kirsha Kaechele, who is also David Walsh's wife, defended the exhibition in court, saying that "It excludes men, and I would be lying if I were to say I didn't find it titillating."[21] In April 2024, a court ordered MONA to cease denying persons not identifying as women into the Ladies Lounge.[22]
Music and arts festivals edit
Mona hosts the annual outdoor Mona Foma music festival in summer, and its wintertime counterpart, Dark Mofo, with extensive public art exhibitions amid a fairground setting of food and drink, live music and entertainment. Past headliners at Mona Foma include Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, John Cale, Godspeed You! Black Emperor, Swans, PJ Harvey and David Byrne, while Dark Mofo line-ups have featured musical acts such as Einstürzende Neubauten, Sunn O))), Laurie Anderson, Mogwai, Ulver, Autechre and Merzbow.
Tourism edit
In 2012, Lonely Planet ranked Hobart as one of the ten must-visit cities in 2013, citing MONA as a major tourist attraction in a small city, similar to the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao.[23]
Ferries edit
| Name | Year Built | Builder | Initial Ownership | Current Ownership / Fate | Max. Passengers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mona Roma (MR1) | 2015 | Incat | Mona | Mona | 251 |
| Freya (MR2) | 2018 | Richardson Devine Marine | Mona | Mona |
Gallery edit
- Ryoji Ikeda's sound and light installation Spectra illuminates the night sky over MONA during every Dark Mofo festival
- The sarcophagus of Iret-Heru-Ru, Egypt, c. 600 BCE
- Wim Delvoye's Cloaca machine, custom-built for MONA
- Erwin Wurm's Fat Car
- Julius Popp's Bit.fall
- The O device
- MONA ROMA ferry departs the Port of Hobart for MONA
- One of MONA's vineyards
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Tourism Tasmania - MONA Visitor Profile" (PDF). Tourism Tasmania. September 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
- ^ "Mining Darkness at MONA with Simon Denny". Radio New Zealand. 30 June 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
- ^ Raabus, Carol (21 January 2011). "Tasmania's subversive adult Disneyland opens with Mona". ABC. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
- ^ "The collector". Theage.com. 14 April 2007. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ^ Personal communication, Mary Lijnzaad, Mona Library Manager
- ^ Coslovich, Gabriella (21 January 2011). "Hobart's infamous son plays to the gallery". The Age. Melbourne. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
- ^ a b c Gabriella Coslovich (15 January 2011). "A revolt in art". Theage.com. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ^ a b Richard Flanagan (21 January 2013). "Tasmanian Devil: A master gambler and his high-stakes museum". The New Yorker. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
- ^ a b Neustein, David (28 July 2011). . Australian Design Review. Archived from the original on 3 April 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
- ^ a b Elizabeth Farrelly (3 November 2012). "Building breaks the mould for all the right reasons". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
- ^ Michaela Boland (22 January 2011). "Doors open on tycoon's art world". The Australian. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
- ^ "Hobart museum confirms entry fee". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 20 May 2011.
- ^ Sarah Cascone (17 March 2015). "Gambling Millionaire David Walsh's Kooky Tasmania Museum MONA Clocks 1 Million Visitors". Artnet News. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ^ . www.mona.net. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ^ "A brush with greatness". The Mercury. 1 January 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
- ^ Cristina Ruiz (January 2011). "Art's Subterranean Disneyland". Utne.com. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ^ Denholm, Matthew (19 January 2011). "Temple of David". The Australasian. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
- ^ Chan, Seb (27 October 2011). "Experiencing the O at MONA", Fresh and New. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
- ^ Connor, Michael (April 2011). "MONA's brutal banality". Quadrant. Melbourne. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
- ^ Richard Dorment (6 September 2012). . The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 27 October 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ^ Tiffanie Turnbull (21 March 2024). "Mona: Australian art museum sued over women's-only exhibit". BBC. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
- ^ Hannah Ritchie (10 April 2024). "Mona: Court rules women's-only exhibit must allow male visitors". BBC. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
- ^ "MONA helps Hobart make top 10 cities list". ABC News. 22 October 2012. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
Further reading edit
- Thomas, Daniel (June 2011). "'It should be so, it must be so' : David Walsh's private museum in Hobart". Australian Book Review (332): 49–52.
- Walsh, David (2014). A bone of fact. Sydney: Pan Macmillan.
External links edit
- Official website
- Extract from The Making of MONA, by Adrian Franklin, Penguin Books Australia
- LUX-Mag.com, Art on the Far Side
- Podcast - Sex and Death Are on Display at the Museum of Old and New Art