Musa × paradisiaca is the accepted name for the hybrid between Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana. Most cultivated bananas and plantains are triploidcultivars either of this hybrid or of M. acuminata alone. Linnaeus originally used the name M. paradisiaca only for plantains or cooking bananas, but the modern usage includes hybrid cultivars used both for cooking and as dessert bananas. Linnaeus's name for dessert bananas, Musa sapientum, is thus a synonym of Musa × paradisiaca.
Almost all cultivated plantains and many cultivated bananas are triploidcultivars of M. × paradisiaca. It is believed that Southeast Asian farmers first domesticatedM. acuminata. When the cultivated plants spread north-west into areas where M. balbisiana was native (see map), hybrids between the two species occurred and were then developed further into a wide range of cultivars.[3]
Hundreds of cultivars of M. × paradisiaca are known, possessing characteristics that are highly variable, but broadly intermediate between the ancestral species. They are typically 2–9 metres (7–30 ft) tall when mature. The above-ground part of the plant is a "false stem" or pseudostem, consisting of leaves and their fused bases. Each pseudostem can produce a single flowering stem. After fruiting, the pseudostem dies, but offshoots may develop from the base of the plant. Cultivars of M. × paradisiaca are usually sterile, without seeds or viable pollen.[4]
Banana plants were originally classified by Linnaeus into two species, which he called Musa paradisiaca for those used as cooking bananas (plantains), and M. sapientum for those used as dessert bananas. It was later discovered that both of his "species" were actually cultivated varieties of the hybrid between two wild species, M. acuminata and M. balbisiana, which is now called M. × paradisiaca L.[5] The circumscription of the modern taxonM. × paradisiaca thus includes both the original M. paradisiaca and M. sapientum, the latter being reduced to a synonym of M. × paradisiaca.[1]
In pre-Linnean times this banana was named 'Musa serapionis', for instance by Maria Sybilla Merian in her Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium of 1705.[6]
At one time, to deal with the great diversity of cultivated bananas and plantains, botanists created many other names which are now regarded as synonyms of M. × paradisiaca, such as M. corniculata Lour.,[5] used for a group of plantains with large fruit resembling the horns of a bull. Cultivated varieties are now given cultivar names, with the cultivars classified into groups and subgroups. Thus M. × paradisiaca 'Horn' is a cultivar belonging to the AAB genome group, Plantain subgroup.[3] See List of banana cultivars for further information on the naming and classification of cultivars.
Referencesedit
^ ab"Musa x paradisiaca", World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2013-01-14
^de Langhe, Edmond & de Maret, Pierre (2004), "Tracking the banana: its significance in early agriculture", in Hather, Jon G. (ed.), The Prehistory of Food: Appetites for Change, Routledge, p. 372, ISBN978-0-203-20338-5
^ abPloetz, R.C.; Kepler, A.K.; Daniells, J. & Nelson, S.C. (2007), "Banana and Plantain: An Overview with Emphasis on Pacific Island Cultivars", in Elevitch, C.R. (ed.), Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry(PDF), Hōlualoa, Hawai'i: Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR), retrieved 2013-01-10
^Nelson, S.C.; Ploetz, R.C. & Kepler, A.K. (2006), (PDF), in Elevitch, C.R (ed.), Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry, Hōlualoa, Hawai'i: Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR), archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-02-28, retrieved 2013-01-10
^ abValmayor, Ramón V.; Jamaluddin, S.H.; Silayoi, B.; Kusumo, S.; Danh, L.D.; Pascua, O.C. & Espino, R.R.C. (2000), (PDF), Los Baños, Philippines: International Network for Improvement of Banana and Plantain – Asia and the Pacific Office, ISBN978-971-91751-2-4, archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-30, retrieved 2013-01-08
^Merian, Maria Sybilla (1705). Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium (in Dutch). (plate 12). See also: Constantine, David (2008). "Musa serapionis". Musa: an annotated list of the species of Musa. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
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November 26, 2023
musa, paradisiaca, accepted, name, hybrid, between, musa, acuminata, musa, balbisiana, most, cultivated, bananas, plantains, triploid, cultivars, either, this, hybrid, acuminata, alone, linnaeus, originally, used, name, paradisiaca, only, plantains, cooking, b. Musa paradisiaca is the accepted name for the hybrid between Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana Most cultivated bananas and plantains are triploid cultivars either of this hybrid or of M acuminata alone Linnaeus originally used the name M paradisiaca only for plantains or cooking bananas but the modern usage includes hybrid cultivars used both for cooking and as dessert bananas Linnaeus s name for dessert bananas Musa sapientum is thus a synonym of Musa paradisiaca Musa paradisiacaScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade MonocotsClade CommelinidsOrder ZingiberalesFamily MusaceaeGenus MusaSection Musa sect MusaSpecies M paradisiacaBinomial nameMusa paradisiacaL 1 Original native ranges of the ancestors of M paradisiaca M acuminata is shown in green and M balbisiana in orange 2 Description editMain articles Banana and Cooking plantain Almost all cultivated plantains and many cultivated bananas are triploid cultivars of M paradisiaca It is believed that Southeast Asian farmers first domesticated M acuminata When the cultivated plants spread north west into areas where M balbisiana was native see map hybrids between the two species occurred and were then developed further into a wide range of cultivars 3 Hundreds of cultivars of M paradisiaca are known possessing characteristics that are highly variable but broadly intermediate between the ancestral species They are typically 2 9 metres 7 30 ft tall when mature The above ground part of the plant is a false stem or pseudostem consisting of leaves and their fused bases Each pseudostem can produce a single flowering stem After fruiting the pseudostem dies but offshoots may develop from the base of the plant Cultivars of M paradisiaca are usually sterile without seeds or viable pollen 4 Taxonomy editMain articles Banana Taxonomy and List of banana cultivars Classification Banana plants were originally classified by Linnaeus into two species which he called Musa paradisiaca for those used as cooking bananas plantains and M sapientum for those used as dessert bananas It was later discovered that both of his species were actually cultivated varieties of the hybrid between two wild species M acuminata and M balbisiana which is now called M paradisiaca L 5 The circumscription of the modern taxon M paradisiaca thus includes both the original M paradisiaca and M sapientum the latter being reduced to a synonym of M paradisiaca 1 In pre Linnean times this banana was named Musa serapionis for instance by Maria Sybilla Merian in her Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium of 1705 6 At one time to deal with the great diversity of cultivated bananas and plantains botanists created many other names which are now regarded as synonyms of M paradisiaca such as M corniculata Lour 5 used for a group of plantains with large fruit resembling the horns of a bull Cultivated varieties are now given cultivar names with the cultivars classified into groups and subgroups Thus M paradisiaca Horn is a cultivar belonging to the AAB genome group Plantain subgroup 3 See List of banana cultivars for further information on the naming and classification of cultivars References edit a b Musa x paradisiaca World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Royal Botanic Gardens Kew retrieved 2013 01 14 de Langhe Edmond amp de Maret Pierre 2004 Tracking the banana its significance in early agriculture in Hather Jon G ed The Prehistory of Food Appetites for Change Routledge p 372 ISBN 978 0 203 20338 5 a b Ploetz R C Kepler A K Daniells J amp Nelson S C 2007 Banana and Plantain An Overview with Emphasis on Pacific Island Cultivars in Elevitch C R ed Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry PDF Hōlualoa Hawai i Permanent Agriculture Resources PAR retrieved 2013 01 10 Nelson S C Ploetz R C amp Kepler A K 2006 Musa species bananas and plantains PDF in Elevitch C R ed Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry Hōlualoa Hawai i Permanent Agriculture Resources PAR archived from the original PDF on 2014 02 28 retrieved 2013 01 10 a b Valmayor Ramon V Jamaluddin S H Silayoi B Kusumo S Danh L D Pascua O C amp Espino R R C 2000 Banana cultivar names and synonyms in Southeast Asia PDF Los Banos Philippines International Network for Improvement of Banana and Plantain Asia and the Pacific Office ISBN 978 971 91751 2 4 archived from the original PDF on 2013 05 30 retrieved 2013 01 08 Merian Maria Sybilla 1705 Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium in Dutch plate 12 See also Constantine David 2008 Musa serapionis Musa an annotated list of the species of Musa Retrieved 2019 05 24 nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Musa paradisiaca nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Musa paradisiaca Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Musa paradisiaca amp oldid 1163621465, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
