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Rizieq Shihab

January 01, 1970

In this Indonesian name, the person is referred to by his given name, Rizieq, and not by his surname, Shihab.

Muhammad Rizieq bin Hussein Shihab (Arabic: مُحَمَّد رِزْق شِهَاب, romanized: Muḥammad Rizq Šihāb, pronounced [mʊˈħæmmæd rizq ʃihaːb]; most commonly known as Habib Rizieq;[1][2] born 24 August 1965) is an Indonesian Islamist cleric, the founder[3] and leader of the Islamist group Islamic Defenders Front (Indonesian: Front Pembela Islam, abbreviated as FPI), which was banned by the government in December 2020. Facing criminal charges in Indonesia, he lived in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from 2017 to November 2020.[4] Following his return to Indonesia, he was arrested in late 2020, accused of criminal incitement for holding crowded events that violated the COVID-19 pandemic regulations.

Habib
Muhammad Rizieq Shihab
مُحَمَّد رِزْق شِهَاب
Rizieq in 2022
Born (1965-08-24) 24 August 1965 (age 58)
Petamburan, Tanah Abang, Central Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
NationalityIndonesian
Alma materKing Saud University
International Islamic University Malaysia
Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
OccupationCleric
Years active1998‒present
Known forFPI
Spouse(s)Fadlun Yahya (deceased)
Mona Hasina Alaydrus
Children7
Parent(s)Hussein Shihab (father)
Sidah Alatas (mother)
Websitehttp://www.habibrizieq.com/

Biography edit

Early life edit

 
Father of Rizieq, Hussein Shihab (wearing black cap) with Habib Ali bin Husein al-Attas (left), Habib Ali bin Abdurrahman al-Habsyi (central), and Habib Muhammad bin Ali al-Habsyi (right), while attending the event of the Prophet's mawlid in Kwitang in 1950.

Rizieq was born in Jakarta on 24 August 1965 to Husein bin Shihab and Syarifah Sidah Alatas. Both his parents were Arab Indonesians of mixed Hadhrami and Betawi heritage. His father was Sayyid Husein bin Muhammad bin Husein bin Abdullah bin Husein bin Muhammad bin Shaikh bin Muhammad Shihab,[5] born around 1920, a cofounder of Pandu Arab Indonesia Movement, a boy scouts-like movement for Arab Indonesians[6] founded with his friends in 1937 (which later became PII or Islamic Scouting Organization of Indonesia.[7]) His father died in 1966 when Rizieq was 11 months old, and because of that Rizieq was not put in boarding school. At the age of 4, he continued his education in the Qur'an at mosques. As a single parent, his mother worked as a tailor and bridal makeup artist.

Education edit

After graduating from SDN 1 (Public Elementary School No.1) Petamburan, Tanah Abang, Jakarta in 1975, Rizieq commenced junior high school at SMP 40 (Public Middle School No.40) in Pejompongan, Central Jakarta in 1976. However, the school was too far from his home so he transferred to a closer school, Bethel Christian Middle School in Petamburan, and graduated in 1979. He then attended SMAN 4 high school in Gambir, but graduated from the Islamic Village High School in Tangerang in 1982.[citation needed] Furthermore, he took Arabic classes at LIPIA in Jakarta. Considered by neighbors to be a troublesome youth with a penchant for getting into fights, his family sent Rizieq to Saudi Arabia in 1990 to study at King Saud University, majoring in Usul al-fiqh and Education, which he completed in four years with Cum Laude.[8]

Rizieq took a graduate program at the International Islamic University Malaysia, but only for one year, after which he returned to Indonesia before finishing. This was because his scholarship funding was only adequate for him, not his whole family, to stay in Malaysia.[9] Later, he was able to continue his education and earned an MA degree in Shariah from the same university[10][better source needed] in 2008 with a thesis titled "Pengaruh Pancasila terhadap Pelaksanaan Syariat Islam di Indonesia'" (The Influence of Pancasila on the Implementation of Islamic Laws in Indonesia).[11]

In 2012, he returned to Malaysia and was admitted to a doctoral program[12] in Da'wah and Management program at Fakulti Kepemimpinan dan Pengurusan (Faculty of Leadership and Administration) at Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), and started working on his dissertation titled "مناهج التميز بين الأصول والفروع عند أهل السنة والجماعة" (The Distinction of Origins and Branches of Ahl Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah) under supervision of Prof. Dr. Kamaluddin Nurdin Marjuni and Dr. Ahmed Abdul Malek of Nigeria.[13][14] Rizieq completed and earned his doctoral degree on 15 April 2021 while he was still in jail.[15]

Personal life edit

Rizieq is a Sayyid with his clan Shihab (or Shihabuddin Aal bin Syech) lineage tracing back to Imam 'Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib through Imam Ahmad al-Muhajir. Meanwhile, his wife is also of a Sayyid family from Aal bin Yahya.[16][17]

Rizieq and his family lived in Jakarta's Tanah Abang market district until moving to Saudi Arabia in 2017. They returned to Indonesia in November 2020. To make ends meet, Rizieq owned and operated a small store selling perfume and Muslim goods. He is married to Fadlun bin Yahya and has seven children, who were all schooled at Jamiat Kheir.[18]

Career edit

 
Rizieq preaching.

Rizieq worked as a high school teacher for about one year in Saudi Arabia after he finished his undergraduate study, before returning to Indonesia in 1992. In addition to giving religious lectures, Rizieq served as the principal of Madrasah Aliyah at Jamiat Kheir until 1996. He also taught Fiqh or Usul al-Fiqh at the school after his period as principal.[18]

His organizational experience began when he joined Jamiat Kheir. He was a member of the Chamber of Shariah at BPRS At-Taqwa, Tangerang. Before becoming head of FPI, he chaired a number of Majelis Ta'lim (places where religious lectures take place) around Jakarta suburbs.[18]

Rizieq declared the establishment of FPI on 17 August 1998. FPI gained notoriety for the Ketapang incident, which occurred in Jakarta over 22–23 November 1998, when about 200 FPI members attacked Ambonese Catholics, brutally killing 14 people.[19][20] A number of residential houses and at least 13 churches were burned or attacked during the unrest.[21]

Rizieq was jailed for seven months in 2003 for inciting his young, white-shirted followers, who often would hide their faces bandit-style behind handkerchiefs, to attack nightspots in Jakarta with clubs and stones.[22] On 5 October 2008, Rizieq was jailed for one and half years due to a violent attack against the National Alliance for Freedom of Religion and Faith (Aliansi Kebangsaan untuk Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan, AKKBB)[23] which was holding a demonstration at Monas on 5 June 2008. Some 59 FPI members were arrested and 12 members of AKKBB were injured.[24]

Rizieq was the head of FPI from 1998 to 2003, and since 2003 has chaired the group's Executive Board Tanfidz. He was elected Great Imam of FPI for life in 2013.[25]

Views edit

As declared on his FPI website, Rizieq and FPI's stances regarding the ISIS are:[26][27][28]

  1. The FPI remains steadfast in struggling to apply Shariah laws in the Homeland through within the guidelines of Shari'ah and the Constitution.
  2. The FPI remains a faithful supporter of the Islamic Jihad Movement around the world, in the fight against all forms of unjust global hegemony (New Imperialism) that stand against the establishment of the World Islamic Caliphate as referred in the Manhaj Nubuwwah (The Prophet's Way).
  3. The FPI strongly renounces all forms of warfare and sectarian violence in the name of Jihad among Muslims arising from differences in mazhab (school of thoughts) which are not fundamental issues in Islamic Theology (ʿAqīdah).
  4. The FPI calls the whole Islamic Jihad movements to unite and work together in carrying out Shariah-based jihad without killing or mutilating civilians who are not involved in the war, whatever their Mazhab or religion is.
  5. The FPI supports the appeal and advice of the al-Qaeda Leader Ayman al-Zawahiri that all Jihad components of Al-Qaeda, either Muhammad al-Jawlani's forces in Syria and troops of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi in Iraq, as well as other Jihad components of Al-Qaeda, to unite and in brotherhood with all other brothers of the Islamic Mujahideen around the world, to continue the Jihad in Syria, Iraq, Palestine and other oppressed Muslim countries.

Rizieq said:[29][30][31]

"People should not generalize that all Shia are heretical, nor none are led astray. Even Shia followers acknowledge that internally there are various Shiite groups, and some of them are led astray, namely the ones who deify Ali, believing the Angel Gabriel miscommunicated the message, or believing the Koran is supposed to be thicker than it is now. These are recognized by mainstream Shiites as misguided groups. In fact, these were the ones meant by the MUI fatwa earlier about Shia. There is something needs to be well recognized by Shiites that Ahlu Sunnah has a firm stance about Sahabah. For Sunnis, anyone who berate and moreover to say the Sahabah are unbelievers would be considered as a person being led astray. This is the key (towards reconciliation between Sunnis and Shiites)."

— Muhammad Rizieq Shihab, Habib Rizieq Shihab refuting Ustadz Yazid Jawas

In response to a controversial book with the title "Mulia dengan Manhaj Salaf" ("Being Noble with Manhaj Salaf") written by Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas and published by the Pustaka At Taqwa, he says:[30][31]

I am concerned about the presence of this book. If we open the chapter thirteenth which is the last chapter, here the author mentions several firqahs (sects) considered as misguided (considered as infidels) and misleading, such as the list item number eight mentions Asharites, the list item number nine includes Maturidiyyah. The number fourteen or thirteen includes sufism, number fourteen includes Tablighis, number fifteen includes Muslim Brotherhood, number seventeen includes Hizbut Tahrir, and the list item number twenty-seventh includes Jaringan Islam Liberal (JIL).

So Ash'ari and Maturidi, which representing Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah, are included in the group along with the misguided JIL which in fact is misleading. Even with the ease he said that Tablighi and the Muslim Brotherhood also go astray. Is this not the sort of divisive race?

If the author wants to disseminate his own respective ideologies, that is up to him. If he believes his Aqidah is the correct Aqidah, that is his business. If he feels his opinion is the most correct opinion, that is also his own business. But if he claims other Muslims groups are infidels, he has no right.

Such book divides people. If the author feels his Wahhabism doctrine is the most correct one and he is the pure, that is his right. He calls himself a follower of Salafi or in Indonesia known as the term Wahhabi. If he thinks he is the most holy, it is his right. If he thinks he is the most straight, that is also his right. But he has no right to call other fellow Muslim groups as gone astray, pagans or infidels.

Moreover, the adherent Muslims of the Ash'ari and Maturidi have been around for over 1000 years as the representatives of Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama'ah, while the Wahhabism is just born yesterday (recently), but yet continuously wants to call Ash'arites as infidels. Indeed, during this more than 1000 years who have been actually called as the (truly) Ahlus Sunnah? For 1000 years Ash'ari and Maturidi have been the ones called Ahlus Sunnah. Wahhabism is not in the list. It has just emerged recently, but yet it wants to judge other Muslim sects who do not agree with it as misguided Muslims.

He also stated that Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei, as states with the large majority of the population are of Ash'ari must also have a law forbidding the spread of Wahhabism.[32] He has been also accused by Wahhabi-affiliated news media as a Shiite, because he does not want to say that all Shia Muslims are led astray, although he also says that the spread of Shia should be limited or even forbidden.[33]

Israel-Palestinian conflict edit

Rizieq is an ardent supporter of Palestine in the decades-long conflict against Israeli occupation. In 2003, he said he was recruiting jihadist troops to seize control of Al-Aqsa in Jerusalem, saying, "If we could send [jihadist] soldiers for Afghanistan, why not for Palestine?" He criticized Muslim nations for only uttering rhetoric to condemn Israel without making real sacrifices to protect their suffering fellow Muslims in Palestine.[34][35] Rizieq and FPI have solicited donations to help Palestinians in the occupied territories and to provide financial support to groups intending to fight for Palestinian independence.[34]

Hostility against Ahmadiyyah edit

One of Rizieq Shihab's campaigns openly called for hostility against Ahmadis:[36]

"We call on the Muslim community. Let us go to war with Ahmadiyyah! Kill Ahmadiyyah wherever they are!........ And, if they talk about human rights? Human rights are satanic! Human rights are crap!.....If they want to know who is responsible for killing Ahmadiyyah, it is I; it is FPI and others from the Muslim community who are responsible for killing Ahmadiyyah! Say that Sobri Lubis ordered it, that Habib Rizieq and FPI ordered it!

Hostility against pluralism edit

In an article posted on official Islamic Defenders Front website titled "True Mu'min" he wrote that Muslims should reject pluralism, secularism, acceptance of LGBT, zina, pornography, and voting for non-Muslim leaders even when it's allowed by constitution. He wrote:[37][38]

True Mu'min must reject secularism, pluralism, liberalism, LGBT, apostasy, heresy, shamanism, corruption, khamr, drugs, gambling, prostitution, adultery, pornography, pornoaction, injustice, tyranny, immorality, evilness, and leadership of a kafir over muslims, even when the constitution permits it because Qur'an and sunnah forbid it.

Legal issues edit

 
Rizieq Shihab faces the media after being implicated in an alleged pornography case.
  • In 2003, Rizieq insulted Indonesia's National Police during a live interview with SCTV and Trans TV.[39]
  • In 2003, Rizieq was sentenced to seven months in prison for disturbing public order by ordering the FPI to ransack and destroy several Jakarta nightlife venues. He served his sentence at Salemba Penitentiary.[40]
  • In 2008, Rizieq was imprisoned for one and a half years for assaulting members of the National Alliance for Freedom of Religion and Faith (Aliansi Kebangsaan untuk Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan) during their convention at National Monument square.[40]
  • In 2009, Rizieq insulted former president Abdurrahman Wahid during a live interview with TVOne.
  • In early November 2015, Rizieq was reported for insulting Sundanese people by changing the Sundanese greeting of sampurasun to "Campur Racun" ("mix with poison").[41]
  • As a supporter of former general Prabowo Subianto's failed campaigns in the 2014 Indonesian presidential election and 2019 Indonesian presidential election, Rizieq has been a vocal opponent of President Joko Widodo. In 2015, Rizieq made a speech allegedly containing hate speech that insulted Jokowi.[42]
  • In January 2017, police declared Rizieq a suspect in a case of slander against Pancasila, Indonesia's state ideology.
  • In January 2017, the FPI called for the withdrawal of Indonesia's rupiah banknotes, accusing Bank Indonesia of concealing the communist hammer-and-sickle symbol in the currency.[43] The allegation was rejected, as the symbol is a rectoverso security feature showing Bank Indonesia's logo. The FPI was accused of stirring public unrest, slandering Bank Indonesia and the government, and insulting the rupiah, the national currency being a state symbol and protected under law.[44]
  • On 30 December 2020, when the government disbanded FPI, authorities released a video showing Rizieq in 2014 pledging his and FPI's allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) and support for an ISIS-style caliphate.[45] The video, touted as proof of links to terror groups, was cited as one of reasons for FPI's disbandment.

Self-imposed exile and return edit

On 26 April 2017, Rizieq left Indonesia for Saudi Arabia on a visa to perform a minor pilgrimage (umroh).[46] His departure came after he was summoned by police as a witness for questioning over alleged pornography involving the exchange of graphic messages and nude photos with a woman named Firza Hussein.[47] On 29 May 2017, police named Shihab a suspect under the 2006 Anti-Pornography Act, a law he helped pass.[48][49][50][51] Rizieq was also charged with insulting Indonesia's Pancasila state ideology, which he had derisively called pantat ("buttocks").[52]

In September 2018, the Indonesian Embassy in Saudi Arabia said Rizieq had overstayed his visa and lacked a valid permit to remain in the country.[53] The statement came after he was reportedly questioned and detained by Saudi Arabian police because an ISIL flag was allegedly flown at his home.[54] A month later, Saudi Arabia's ambassador to Indonesia said Rizieq had not violated any laws in Saudi Arabia.[55]

In 2019, Indonesian National Police dropped the two cases against Rizieq, citing a lack of evidence.[52] On 29 December 2020, Indonesian court overturned the police decision about the pornographic chat case, demanding the National Police to continue their investigation, and declaring that the decision to stop the investigation is unlawful.[56]

In December 2019, Rizieq claimed the Indonesian government was preventing him from returning to Indonesia — a claim denied by the Indonesian ambassador to Saudi Arabia.[57]

On 10 November 2020, Rizieq returned from Saudi Arabia.[58] The Indonesian ambassador to Saudi Arabia said Shihab was deported for violating Saudi Arabia's immigration law.[59] Previously, Rizieq had threatened to sue anyone who accused him of breaking the immigration law.[60]

Post-return controversies edit

Ignoring government regulations on COVID-19 health protocols for social distancing, thousands of Rizieq's supporters went to Soekarno-Hatta International Airport to welcome him home on 10 November 2020, creating traffic jams and delaying multiple flights. Many of his supporters did not wear masks.[58] Rizieq called on the crowd to carry out a "moral revolution".[61]

Rizieq reiterated his call for a moral revolution while addressing events that attracted crowds around his home in Jakarta's Petamburan neighborhood, and also at Megamendung district in Bogor regency.[62] On 14 November, Rizieq celebrated the marriage of his daughter in conjunction with a celebration of the Prophet Muhammad's birthday, attracting a crowd of around 10,000 people who did not adhere to social distancing.[63] On 16 November 2020, Jakarta Police chief Nana Sudjana and West Java Police chief Rudy Sufahradi Novianti were fired for their failure to enforce COVID-19 health protocols.[64] The Indonesian military, police and public order officials subsequently removed around 900 banners of Rizieq that been erected around Jakarta.[65] Members of the public responded by sending floral congratulatory boards to Jakarta Military Headquarters.[66]

At least 80 people who attended the events held by Rizieq later tested positive to COVID-19.[67] Among the high-profile figures who tested positive for the virus after meeting Rizieq were Jakarta Governor Anies Baswedan, Jakarta Deputy Governor Ahmad Riza Patria, and Depok mayoral candidate Muhammad Idris.[68]

Health authorities were concerned that Rizieq's gatherings were creating new clusters of COVID-19 and wanted to test him for the virus, but he refused to undergo a swab test. He later checked into Rumah Sakit UMMI in Bogor, West Java, claiming "tiredness after a long journey" after police said they may summon him over the gatherings. He sparked controversy by leaving the hospital from a back door.[69] Shihab was swab-tested by MER-C, a human rights organization, which declined to reveal the result.[70][71] Indonesia's COVID-19 Task Force said that while Indonesian law protects the privacy of patients, the result of any swab test should be disclosed to the proper authorities in the interest of contact tracing.[72] Later during his trial on the charge of refusing to be swab tested, the prosecutor stated that his test result is positive.[73]

On 2 December 2020, Rizieq apologized for the crowds at four of his gatherings and said he would pay a Rp50 million fine imposed by the Jakarta administration.[74][75]

Jakarta Police had intended to question Rizieq and his son-in-law at 10:00am on 7 December 2020. However, earlier that morning, Rizieq and members of his family were reportedly being driven at about 12:30am to attend a pre-dawn prayer meeting, escorted by two cars of bodyguards. A car with undercover police followed the group on Jakarta-Cikampek toll road and was allegedly boxed in by the vehicles of Rizieq's bodyguards, who then allegedly shot at the police and attacked them with sharp weapons. Police responded by shooting dead six of Rizieq's bodyguards, while four fled. Police alleged that Rizieq's guards had started the shootout by firing three shots at the officers.[76] FPI said Rizieq was assaulted and shot at by unknown groups, and that six of its members were kidnapped by an unknown group.[77] FPI secretary general Munarman denied the FPI members had been carrying guns or sharp weapons.[78] Legislators and human rights activists called for an independent investigation into the killings.[79][80]

2021 trial edit

Police on 10 December 2020 charged Rizieq with incitement of criminal acts and obstructing law enforcement for holding mass gatherings at Petamburan that breached COVID-19 health protocols.[81] On 12 December, he was arrested and questioned by police, who said he would be detained for 20 days.[82] On 30 December, the police announced that his detention would be extended until 1 February 2021.[83]

Rizieq was to have gone on trial at East Jakarta District Court on 15 March 2021 for alleged violation of COVID-19 health protocols and refusing to be swab-tested, but the online hearing was postponed because a technical problem prevented the defendant from hearing the presiding judge.[84] On 16 March, by which time the technical problem had been resolved, one of Rizieq's lawyers, Munarman, said the defense team would not participate in an online trial. He asked the team of lawyers to leave the courtroom. Rizieq, who was linked to the online trial via a live stream from the Criminal Investigation Unit of the National Police, joined the walkout, declaring he would not attend an online trial.[85]

On 19 March, the presiding judge, Suparman Nyompa, rejected Rizieq's request to be tried in person at East Jakarta District Court, saying his presence would attract a large crowd of supporters. He said an online trial is of equal validity to a regular trial. After the prosecutor read out the indictment, Rizieq ignored questions from the judges and instead prayed and recited from the Qur'an.[86] Following Rizieq's refusal to cooperate, the presiding judge on 23 March said that in order for the trial to run smoothly, it would be held offline.[87] On 27 May 2021, the court sentenced Rizieq and five other FPI members to eight months in jail for violating COVID-19 health protocols.[88] On 24 March 2021, the same court sentenced Rizieq to four years in jail for spreading false information by claiming to be healthy despite having tested positive to COVID-19.[89]

Publications edit

  • Hancurkan Liberalisme, Tegakkan Syariat Islam (Destroy Liberalism, Establish Islamic Sharia), 2011.[90]
  • Wawasan Kebangsaan Menuju NKRI Bersyariah (National Insight towards the Sharia-based NKRI), 2012.[91]
  • Dialog FPI, Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar. [92]
  • The collection of Salawat.[93]

Awards and honors edit

On 19 March 2009, Habib Rizieq was crowned by the self-proclaimed Sultan Sulu Ismael Kiram II[94] as the Grand Mufti of the Sultanate of Sulu with title Datu Paduka Maulana Syar'i Sulu (DPMSS).[95]

References edit

Footnotes edit

  1. ^ "KOMPAS – Profil Singkat FPI dan Habib Rizieq" (in Indonesian). 4 June 2008. from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
  2. ^ Tholkhah, Imam; Yusuf, Choirul Fuad (2005). Contemporary Islamic Movements of Reformation Era. Departemen Agama, Badan Litbang Agama dan Diklat Keagamaan. ISBN 978-9793370002. from the original on 5 August 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  3. ^ Fuller Collins, Elizabeth (2007). Indonesia Betrayed: How Development Fails. University of Hawaii Press. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-8248-3183-7. fpi founder.
  4. ^ "Rizieq Shihab to return to Indonesia on Nov. 10, denies overstaying in Saudi Arabia". The Jakarta Post. from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
  5. ^ (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 5 October 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
  6. ^ Teik, K.; V. Hadiz; Y. Nakanishi, eds. (2014). Between Dissent and Power: The Transformation of Islamic Politics in the Middle East and Asia. Springer. ISBN 978-1-137-40880-8. from the original on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  7. ^ Prasidi Jamil, Budi. "Biografi Habib Rizieq Syihab". from the original on 22 August 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
  8. ^ Fealy, Greg; White, Sally, eds. (2008). Expressing Islam: Religious Life and Politics in Indonesia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 978-981-230-851-1. from the original on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  9. ^ Tholkhah, Imam; Fuad Yusuf, Choirul (2005). Contemporary Islamic Movements of Reformation Era. Departemen Agama, Badan Litbang Agama dan Diklat Keagamaan. ISBN 978-979-3370-00-2. from the original on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
  10. ^ Masyithoh, Siti (2011). Metode Dakwah Habib Rizieq bin Husein Syihab pada Majlis Ta'lim al-Ishlah Jakarta Pusat (PDF) (Bachelor's thesis). Universitas Syarif Hidayatullah. (PDF) from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
  11. ^ "Habib Rizieq: Si Goen ingin "Menggurui" Saya dan Abu Bakar Ba'asyir tentang Iman". Arrahmah (in Indonesian). 4 July 2008. from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
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  21. ^ Shiner, Cindy (24 November 1998). "INDONESIAN CHRISTIANS ASSESS ATTACKS". The Washington Post. from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  22. ^ Bond, Christopher S.; Simons, Lewis M. (2009). The Next Front: Southeast Asia and the Road to Global Peace with Islam. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-73007-2. rizieq shihab.
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Bibliography edit

  • Fuller Collins, Elizabeth (2007). Indonesia Betrayed: How Development Fails. University of Hawaii Press. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-8248-3183-7. fpi founder.
  • Masyitoh, Siti (2011). Metode Dakwah Habib Rizieq bin Husein Syihab pada Majlis Ta'lim al-Ishlah Jakarta Pusat (PDF) (S.Sos.I.). Jakarta: Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah. (PDF) from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
  • Jahroni, Jajang (12 March 2008). Defending the Majesty of Islam: Indonesia's Front Pembela Islam, 1998-2003. Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books. ISBN 978-9749511114.
  • Rosadi, Andi (2008). Hitam-putih FPI: Mengungkap Rahasia-rahasia Mencengangkan Ormas Keagamaan Paling Kontroversial. Jakarta: Nun Publisher. ISBN 978-9791611022. from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2020.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Muhammad Rizieq Shihab.
  • FPI Website 16 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  • Muhammad Rizieq Shihab profile

January 01, 1970
rizieq, shihab, this, indonesian, name, person, referred, given, name, rizieq, surname, shihab, muhammad, rizieq, hussein, shihab, arabic, اب, romanized, muḥammad, rizq, Šihāb, pronounced, mʊˈħæmmæd, rizq, ʃihaːb, most, commonly, known, habib, rizieq, born, au. In this Indonesian name the person is referred to by his given name Rizieq and not by his surname Shihab Muhammad Rizieq bin Hussein Shihab Arabic م ح م د ر ز ق ش ه اب romanized Muḥammad Rizq Sihab pronounced mʊˈħaemmaed rizq ʃihaːb most commonly known as Habib Rizieq 1 2 born 24 August 1965 is an Indonesian Islamist cleric the founder 3 and leader of the Islamist group Islamic Defenders Front Indonesian Front Pembela Islam abbreviated as FPI which was banned by the government in December 2020 Facing criminal charges in Indonesia he lived in Riyadh Saudi Arabia from 2017 to November 2020 4 Following his return to Indonesia he was arrested in late 2020 accused of criminal incitement for holding crowded events that violated the COVID 19 pandemic regulations HabibMuhammad Rizieq Shihabم ح م د ر ز ق ش ه ابRizieq in 2022Born 1965 08 24 24 August 1965 age 58 Petamburan Tanah Abang Central Jakarta Jakarta IndonesiaNationalityIndonesianAlma materKing Saud University International Islamic University Malaysia Universiti Sains Islam MalaysiaOccupationClericYears active1998 presentKnown forFPISpouse s Fadlun Yahya deceased Mona Hasina AlaydrusChildren7Parent s Hussein Shihab father Sidah Alatas mother Websitehttp www habibrizieq com Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Early life 1 2 Education 1 3 Personal life 2 Career 3 Views 3 1 Israel Palestinian conflict 3 2 Hostility against Ahmadiyyah 3 3 Hostility against pluralism 4 Legal issues 5 Self imposed exile and return 5 1 Post return controversies 5 2 2021 trial 6 Publications 7 Awards and honors 8 References 8 1 Footnotes 8 2 Bibliography 9 External linksBiography editEarly life edit nbsp Father of Rizieq Hussein Shihab wearing black cap with Habib Ali bin Husein al Attas left Habib Ali bin Abdurrahman al Habsyi central and Habib Muhammad bin Ali al Habsyi right while attending the event of the Prophet s mawlid in Kwitang in 1950 Rizieq was born in Jakarta on 24 August 1965 to Husein bin Shihab and Syarifah Sidah Alatas Both his parents were Arab Indonesians of mixed Hadhrami and Betawi heritage His father was Sayyid Husein bin Muhammad bin Husein bin Abdullah bin Husein bin Muhammad bin Shaikh bin Muhammad Shihab 5 born around 1920 a cofounder of Pandu Arab Indonesia Movement a boy scouts like movement for Arab Indonesians 6 founded with his friends in 1937 which later became PII or Islamic Scouting Organization of Indonesia 7 His father died in 1966 when Rizieq was 11 months old and because of that Rizieq was not put in boarding school At the age of 4 he continued his education in the Qur an at mosques As a single parent his mother worked as a tailor and bridal makeup artist Education edit After graduating from SDN 1 Public Elementary School No 1 Petamburan Tanah Abang Jakarta in 1975 Rizieq commenced junior high school at SMP 40 Public Middle School No 40 in Pejompongan Central Jakarta in 1976 However the school was too far from his home so he transferred to a closer school Bethel Christian Middle School in Petamburan and graduated in 1979 He then attended SMAN 4 high school in Gambir but graduated from the Islamic Village High School in Tangerang in 1982 citation needed Furthermore he took Arabic classes at LIPIA in Jakarta Considered by neighbors to be a troublesome youth with a penchant for getting into fights his family sent Rizieq to Saudi Arabia in 1990 to study at King Saud University majoring in Usul al fiqh and Education which he completed in four years with Cum Laude 8 Rizieq took a graduate program at the International Islamic University Malaysia but only for one year after which he returned to Indonesia before finishing This was because his scholarship funding was only adequate for him not his whole family to stay in Malaysia 9 Later he was able to continue his education and earned an MA degree in Shariah from the same university 10 better source needed in 2008 with a thesis titled Pengaruh Pancasila terhadap Pelaksanaan Syariat Islam di Indonesia The Influence of Pancasila on the Implementation of Islamic Laws in Indonesia 11 In 2012 he returned to Malaysia and was admitted to a doctoral program 12 in Da wah and Management program at Fakulti Kepemimpinan dan Pengurusan Faculty of Leadership and Administration at Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia USIM and started working on his dissertation titled مناهج التميز بين الأصول والفروع عند أهل السنة والجماعة The Distinction of Origins and Branches of Ahl Sunnah wa al Jama ah under supervision of Prof Dr Kamaluddin Nurdin Marjuni and Dr Ahmed Abdul Malek of Nigeria 13 14 Rizieq completed and earned his doctoral degree on 15 April 2021 while he was still in jail 15 Personal life edit Rizieq is a Sayyid with his clan Shihab or Shihabuddin Aal bin Syech lineage tracing back to Imam Ali ibn Abi Ṭalib through Imam Ahmad al Muhajir Meanwhile his wife is also of a Sayyid family from Aal bin Yahya 16 17 Rizieq and his family lived in Jakarta s Tanah Abang market district until moving to Saudi Arabia in 2017 They returned to Indonesia in November 2020 To make ends meet Rizieq owned and operated a small store selling perfume and Muslim goods He is married to Fadlun bin Yahya and has seven children who were all schooled at Jamiat Kheir 18 Career edit nbsp Rizieq preaching Rizieq worked as a high school teacher for about one year in Saudi Arabia after he finished his undergraduate study before returning to Indonesia in 1992 In addition to giving religious lectures Rizieq served as the principal of Madrasah Aliyah at Jamiat Kheir until 1996 He also taught Fiqh or Usul al Fiqh at the school after his period as principal 18 His organizational experience began when he joined Jamiat Kheir He was a member of the Chamber of Shariah at BPRS At Taqwa Tangerang Before becoming head of FPI he chaired a number of Majelis Ta lim places where religious lectures take place around Jakarta suburbs 18 Rizieq declared the establishment of FPI on 17 August 1998 FPI gained notoriety for the Ketapang incident which occurred in Jakarta over 22 23 November 1998 when about 200 FPI members attacked Ambonese Catholics brutally killing 14 people 19 20 A number of residential houses and at least 13 churches were burned or attacked during the unrest 21 Rizieq was jailed for seven months in 2003 for inciting his young white shirted followers who often would hide their faces bandit style behind handkerchiefs to attack nightspots in Jakarta with clubs and stones 22 On 5 October 2008 Rizieq was jailed for one and half years due to a violent attack against the National Alliance for Freedom of Religion and Faith Aliansi Kebangsaan untuk Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan AKKBB 23 which was holding a demonstration at Monas on 5 June 2008 Some 59 FPI members were arrested and 12 members of AKKBB were injured 24 Rizieq was the head of FPI from 1998 to 2003 and since 2003 has chaired the group s Executive Board Tanfidz He was elected Great Imam of FPI for life in 2013 25 Views editAs declared on his FPI website Rizieq and FPI s stances regarding the ISIS are 26 27 28 The FPI remains steadfast in struggling to apply Shariah laws in the Homeland through within the guidelines of Shari ah and the Constitution The FPI remains a faithful supporter of the Islamic Jihad Movement around the world in the fight against all forms of unjust global hegemony New Imperialism that stand against the establishment of the World Islamic Caliphate as referred in the Manhaj Nubuwwah The Prophet s Way The FPI strongly renounces all forms of warfare and sectarian violence in the name of Jihad among Muslims arising from differences in mazhab school of thoughts which are not fundamental issues in Islamic Theology ʿAqidah The FPI calls the whole Islamic Jihad movements to unite and work together in carrying out Shariah based jihad without killing or mutilating civilians who are not involved in the war whatever their Mazhab or religion is The FPI supports the appeal and advice of the al Qaeda Leader Ayman al Zawahiri that all Jihad components of Al Qaeda either Muhammad al Jawlani s forces in Syria and troops of Abu Bakr al Baghdadi in Iraq as well as other Jihad components of Al Qaeda to unite and in brotherhood with all other brothers of the Islamic Mujahideen around the world to continue the Jihad in Syria Iraq Palestine and other oppressed Muslim countries Rizieq said 29 30 31 People should not generalize that all Shia are heretical nor none are led astray Even Shia followers acknowledge that internally there are various Shiite groups and some of them are led astray namely the ones who deify Ali believing the Angel Gabriel miscommunicated the message or believing the Koran is supposed to be thicker than it is now These are recognized by mainstream Shiites as misguided groups In fact these were the ones meant by the MUI fatwa earlier about Shia There is something needs to be well recognized by Shiites that Ahlu Sunnah has a firm stance about Sahabah For Sunnis anyone who berate and moreover to say the Sahabah are unbelievers would be considered as a person being led astray This is the key towards reconciliation between Sunnis and Shiites Muhammad Rizieq Shihab Habib Rizieq Shihab refuting Ustadz Yazid Jawas In response to a controversial book with the title Mulia dengan Manhaj Salaf Being Noble with Manhaj Salaf written by Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas and published by thePustaka At Taqwa he says 30 31 I am concerned about the presence of this book If we open the chapter thirteenth which is the last chapter here the author mentions several firqahs sects considered as misguided considered as infidels and misleading such as the list item number eight mentions Asharites the list item number nine includes Maturidiyyah The number fourteen or thirteen includes sufism number fourteen includes Tablighis number fifteen includes Muslim Brotherhood number seventeen includes Hizbut Tahrir and the list item number twenty seventh includes Jaringan Islam Liberal JIL So Ash ari and Maturidi which representing Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah are included in the group along with the misguided JIL which in fact is misleading Even with the ease he said that Tablighi and the Muslim Brotherhood also go astray Is this not the sort of divisive race If the author wants to disseminate his own respective ideologies that is up to him If he believes his Aqidah is the correct Aqidah that is his business If he feels his opinion is the most correct opinion that is also his own business But if he claims other Muslims groups are infidels he has no right Such book divides people If the author feels his Wahhabism doctrine is the most correct one and he is the pure that is his right He calls himself a follower of Salafi or in Indonesia known as the term Wahhabi If he thinks he is the most holy it is his right If he thinks he is the most straight that is also his right But he has no right to call other fellow Muslim groups as gone astray pagans or infidels Moreover the adherent Muslims of the Ash ari and Maturidi have been around for over 1000 years as the representatives of Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama ah while the Wahhabism is just born yesterday recently but yet continuously wants to call Ash arites as infidels Indeed during this more than 1000 years who have been actually called as the truly Ahlus Sunnah For 1000 years Ash ari and Maturidi have been the ones called Ahlus Sunnah Wahhabism is not in the list It has just emerged recently but yet it wants to judge other Muslim sects who do not agree with it as misguided Muslims He also stated that Indonesia Malaysia and Brunei as states with the large majority of the population are of Ash ari must also have a law forbidding the spread of Wahhabism 32 He has been also accused by Wahhabi affiliated news media as a Shiite because he does not want to say that all Shia Muslims are led astray although he also says that the spread of Shia should be limited or even forbidden 33 Israel Palestinian conflict edit Rizieq is an ardent supporter of Palestine in the decades long conflict against Israeli occupation In 2003 he said he was recruiting jihadist troops to seize control of Al Aqsa in Jerusalem saying If we could send jihadist soldiers for Afghanistan why not for Palestine He criticized Muslim nations for only uttering rhetoric to condemn Israel without making real sacrifices to protect their suffering fellow Muslims in Palestine 34 35 Rizieq and FPI have solicited donations to help Palestinians in the occupied territories and to provide financial support to groups intending to fight for Palestinian independence 34 Hostility against Ahmadiyyah editOne of Rizieq Shihab s campaigns openly called for hostility against Ahmadis 36 We call on the Muslim community Let us go to war with Ahmadiyyah Kill Ahmadiyyah wherever they are And if they talk about human rights Human rights are satanic Human rights are crap If they want to know who is responsible for killing Ahmadiyyah it is I it is FPI and others from the Muslim community who are responsible for killing Ahmadiyyah Say that Sobri Lubis ordered it that Habib Rizieq and FPI ordered it Hostility against pluralism editIn an article posted on official Islamic Defenders Front website titled True Mu min he wrote that Muslims should reject pluralism secularism acceptance of LGBT zina pornography and voting for non Muslim leaders even when it s allowed by constitution He wrote 37 38 True Mu min must reject secularism pluralism liberalism LGBT apostasy heresy shamanism corruption khamr drugs gambling prostitution adultery pornography pornoaction injustice tyranny immorality evilness and leadership of a kafir over muslims even when the constitution permits it because Qur an and sunnah forbid it Legal issues edit nbsp Rizieq Shihab faces the media after being implicated in an alleged pornography case In 2003 Rizieq insulted Indonesia s National Police during a live interview with SCTV and Trans TV 39 In 2003 Rizieq was sentenced to seven months in prison for disturbing public order by ordering the FPI to ransack and destroy several Jakarta nightlife venues He served his sentence at Salemba Penitentiary 40 In 2008 Rizieq was imprisoned for one and a half years for assaulting members of the National Alliance for Freedom of Religion and Faith Aliansi Kebangsaan untuk Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan during their convention at National Monument square 40 In 2009 Rizieq insulted former president Abdurrahman Wahid during a live interview with TVOne In early November 2015 Rizieq was reported for insulting Sundanese people by changing the Sundanese greeting of sampurasun to Campur Racun mix with poison 41 As a supporter of former general Prabowo Subianto s failed campaigns in the 2014 Indonesian presidential election and 2019 Indonesian presidential election Rizieq has been a vocal opponent of President Joko Widodo In 2015 Rizieq made a speech allegedly containing hate speech that insulted Jokowi 42 In January 2017 police declared Rizieq a suspect in a case of slander against Pancasila Indonesia s state ideology In January 2017 the FPI called for the withdrawal of Indonesia s rupiah banknotes accusing Bank Indonesia of concealing the communist hammer and sickle symbol in the currency 43 The allegation was rejected as the symbol is a rectoverso security feature showing Bank Indonesia s logo The FPI was accused of stirring public unrest slandering Bank Indonesia and the government and insulting the rupiah the national currency being a state symbol and protected under law 44 On 30 December 2020 when the government disbanded FPI authorities released a video showing Rizieq in 2014 pledging his and FPI s allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ISIS and support for an ISIS style caliphate 45 The video touted as proof of links to terror groups was cited as one of reasons for FPI s disbandment Self imposed exile and return editOn 26 April 2017 Rizieq left Indonesia for Saudi Arabia on a visa to perform a minor pilgrimage umroh 46 His departure came after he was summoned by police as a witness for questioning over alleged pornography involving the exchange of graphic messages and nude photos with a woman named Firza Hussein 47 On 29 May 2017 police named Shihab a suspect under the 2006 Anti Pornography Act a law he helped pass 48 49 50 51 Rizieq was also charged with insulting Indonesia s Pancasila state ideology which he had derisively called pantat buttocks 52 In September 2018 the Indonesian Embassy in Saudi Arabia said Rizieq had overstayed his visa and lacked a valid permit to remain in the country 53 The statement came after he was reportedly questioned and detained by Saudi Arabian police because an ISIL flag was allegedly flown at his home 54 A month later Saudi Arabia s ambassador to Indonesia said Rizieq had not violated any laws in Saudi Arabia 55 In 2019 Indonesian National Police dropped the two cases against Rizieq citing a lack of evidence 52 On 29 December 2020 Indonesian court overturned the police decision about the pornographic chat case demanding the National Police to continue their investigation and declaring that the decision to stop the investigation is unlawful 56 In December 2019 Rizieq claimed the Indonesian government was preventing him from returning to Indonesia a claim denied by the Indonesian ambassador to Saudi Arabia 57 On 10 November 2020 Rizieq returned from Saudi Arabia 58 The Indonesian ambassador to Saudi Arabia said Shihab was deported for violating Saudi Arabia s immigration law 59 Previously Rizieq had threatened to sue anyone who accused him of breaking the immigration law 60 Post return controversies edit Ignoring government regulations on COVID 19 health protocols for social distancing thousands of Rizieq s supporters went to Soekarno Hatta International Airport to welcome him home on 10 November 2020 creating traffic jams and delaying multiple flights Many of his supporters did not wear masks 58 Rizieq called on the crowd to carry out a moral revolution 61 Rizieq reiterated his call for a moral revolution while addressing events that attracted crowds around his home in Jakarta s Petamburan neighborhood and also at Megamendung district in Bogor regency 62 On 14 November Rizieq celebrated the marriage of his daughter in conjunction with a celebration of the Prophet Muhammad s birthday attracting a crowd of around 10 000 people who did not adhere to social distancing 63 On 16 November 2020 Jakarta Police chief Nana Sudjana and West Java Police chief Rudy Sufahradi Novianti were fired for their failure to enforce COVID 19 health protocols 64 The Indonesian military police and public order officials subsequently removed around 900 banners of Rizieq that been erected around Jakarta 65 Members of the public responded by sending floral congratulatory boards to Jakarta Military Headquarters 66 At least 80 people who attended the events held by Rizieq later tested positive to COVID 19 67 Among the high profile figures who tested positive for the virus after meeting Rizieq were Jakarta Governor Anies Baswedan Jakarta Deputy Governor Ahmad Riza Patria and Depok mayoral candidate Muhammad Idris 68 Health authorities were concerned that Rizieq s gatherings were creating new clusters of COVID 19 and wanted to test him for the virus but he refused to undergo a swab test He later checked into Rumah Sakit UMMI in Bogor West Java claiming tiredness after a long journey after police said they may summon him over the gatherings He sparked controversy by leaving the hospital from a back door 69 Shihab was swab tested by MER C a human rights organization which declined to reveal the result 70 71 Indonesia s COVID 19 Task Force said that while Indonesian law protects the privacy of patients the result of any swab test should be disclosed to the proper authorities in the interest of contact tracing 72 Later during his trial on the charge of refusing to be swab tested the prosecutor stated that his test result is positive 73 On 2 December 2020 Rizieq apologized for the crowds at four of his gatherings and said he would pay a Rp50 million fine imposed by the Jakarta administration 74 75 Jakarta Police had intended to question Rizieq and his son in law at 10 00am on 7 December 2020 However earlier that morning Rizieq and members of his family were reportedly being driven at about 12 30am to attend a pre dawn prayer meeting escorted by two cars of bodyguards A car with undercover police followed the group on Jakarta Cikampek toll road and was allegedly boxed in by the vehicles of Rizieq s bodyguards who then allegedly shot at the police and attacked them with sharp weapons Police responded by shooting dead six of Rizieq s bodyguards while four fled Police alleged that Rizieq s guards had started the shootout by firing three shots at the officers 76 FPI said Rizieq was assaulted and shot at by unknown groups and that six of its members were kidnapped by an unknown group 77 FPI secretary general Munarman denied the FPI members had been carrying guns or sharp weapons 78 Legislators and human rights activists called for an independent investigation into the killings 79 80 2021 trial edit Police on 10 December 2020 charged Rizieq with incitement of criminal acts and obstructing law enforcement for holding mass gatherings at Petamburan that breached COVID 19 health protocols 81 On 12 December he was arrested and questioned by police who said he would be detained for 20 days 82 On 30 December the police announced that his detention would be extended until 1 February 2021 83 Rizieq was to have gone on trial at East Jakarta District Court on 15 March 2021 for alleged violation of COVID 19 health protocols and refusing to be swab tested but the online hearing was postponed because a technical problem prevented the defendant from hearing the presiding judge 84 On 16 March by which time the technical problem had been resolved one of Rizieq s lawyers Munarman said the defense team would not participate in an online trial He asked the team of lawyers to leave the courtroom Rizieq who was linked to the online trial via a live stream from the Criminal Investigation Unit of the National Police joined the walkout declaring he would not attend an online trial 85 On 19 March the presiding judge Suparman Nyompa rejected Rizieq s request to be tried in person at East Jakarta District Court saying his presence would attract a large crowd of supporters He said an online trial is of equal validity to a regular trial After the prosecutor read out the indictment Rizieq ignored questions from the judges and instead prayed and recited from the Qur an 86 Following Rizieq s refusal to cooperate the presiding judge on 23 March said that in order for the trial to run smoothly it would be held offline 87 On 27 May 2021 the court sentenced Rizieq and five other FPI members to eight months in jail for violating COVID 19 health protocols 88 On 24 March 2021 the same court sentenced Rizieq to four years in jail for spreading false information by claiming to be healthy despite having tested positive to COVID 19 89 Publications editHancurkan Liberalisme Tegakkan Syariat Islam Destroy Liberalism Establish Islamic Sharia 2011 90 Wawasan Kebangsaan Menuju NKRI Bersyariah National Insight towards the Sharia based NKRI 2012 91 Dialog FPI Amar Ma ruf Nahi Munkar 92 The collection of Salawat 93 Awards and honors editOn 19 March 2009 Habib Rizieq was crowned by the self proclaimed Sultan Sulu Ismael Kiram II 94 as the Grand Mufti of the Sultanate of Sulu with title Datu Paduka Maulana Syar i Sulu DPMSS 95 References editFootnotes edit KOMPAS Profil Singkat FPI dan Habib Rizieq in Indonesian 4 June 2008 Archived from the original on 3 December 2013 Retrieved 26 December 2013 Tholkhah Imam Yusuf Choirul Fuad 2005 Contemporary Islamic Movements of Reformation Era Departemen Agama Badan Litbang Agama dan Diklat Keagamaan ISBN 978 9793370002 Archived from the original on 5 August 2021 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Fuller Collins Elizabeth 2007 Indonesia Betrayed How Development Fails University of Hawaii Press p 165 ISBN 978 0 8248 3183 7 fpi founder Rizieq Shihab to return to Indonesia on Nov 10 denies overstaying in Saudi Arabia The Jakarta Post Archived from the original on 2 December 2020 Retrieved 29 November 2020 Biografi Ringkas Al Habib M Rizieq bin Husein Syihab in Indonesian Archived from the original on 5 October 2019 Retrieved 20 December 2016 Teik K V Hadiz Y Nakanishi eds 2014 Between Dissent and Power The Transformation of Islamic Politics in the Middle East and Asia Springer ISBN 978 1 137 40880 8 Archived from the original on 16 May 2022 Retrieved 20 October 2016 Prasidi Jamil Budi Biografi Habib Rizieq Syihab Archived from the original on 22 August 2014 Retrieved 21 August 2014 Fealy Greg White Sally eds 2008 Expressing Islam Religious Life and Politics in Indonesia Institute of Southeast Asian Studies ISBN 978 981 230 851 1 Archived from the original on 16 May 2022 Retrieved 1 December 2020 Tholkhah Imam Fuad Yusuf Choirul 2005 Contemporary Islamic Movements of Reformation Era Departemen Agama Badan Litbang Agama dan Diklat Keagamaan ISBN 978 979 3370 00 2 Archived from the original on 16 May 2022 Retrieved 21 August 2014 Masyithoh Siti 2011 Metode Dakwah Habib Rizieq bin Husein Syihab pada Majlis Ta lim al Ishlah Jakarta Pusat PDF Bachelor s thesis Universitas Syarif Hidayatullah Archived PDF from the original on 26 August 2014 Retrieved 21 August 2014 Habib Rizieq Si Goen ingin Menggurui Saya dan Abu Bakar Ba asyir tentang Iman Arrahmah in Indonesian 4 July 2008 Archived from the original on 26 August 2014 Retrieved 21 August 2014 Profil Habib Rizieq in Indonesian Archived from the original on 26 August 2014 Retrieved 21 August 2014 Fadillah Ramadhian 11 May 2017 Habib Rizieq sedang di Malaysia selesaikan kuliah Doktor in Indonesian Archived from the original on 11 May 2017 Retrieved 15 May 2017 Rizieq Shihab Becomes Doctoral Candidate at University of Islamic Science Malaysia Netralnews 11 May 2017 Archived from the original on 13 May 2017 Retrieved 15 May 2017 Media Kompas Cyber 16 April 2021 Rizieq Shihab Raih Gelar Doktor Kuasa Hukum Dia Kritik Aksi Terorisme dalam Disertasinya KOMPAS com in Indonesian Archived from the original on 11 May 2021 Retrieved 10 May 2021 Aditya Rifan 10 November 2020 Silsilah Habib Rizieq Shihab Imam Besar FPI yang Pulang ke Indonesia Suara com Archived from the original on 16 May 2022 Retrieved 7 December 2020 Meet the Habibs the Yemen connection in Jakarta politics Indonesia at Melbourne 13 December 2017 Archived from the original on 22 January 2018 Retrieved 14 November 2020 a b c Biografi Habib Rizieq Shihab in Indonesian Archived from the original on 22 August 2014 Retrieved 20 August 2014 Wargadiredja Arzia Tivany 26 November 2018 The Story Behind These Infamous Photographs of a Murder on the Streets of Jakarta Vice Archived from the original on 12 May 2021 Retrieved 2 December 2020 Cerita Eggi Sudjana Habib Rizieq Diincar Sniper Jika Injak Tanah Air Alasan Tak Pulang hingga Kini TRIBUNnews com 20 September 2018 Archived from the original on 16 May 2022 Retrieved 2 December 2020 Shiner Cindy 24 November 1998 INDONESIAN CHRISTIANS ASSESS ATTACKS The Washington Post Archived from the original on 28 August 2017 Retrieved 2 December 2020 Bond Christopher S Simons Lewis M 2009 The Next Front Southeast Asia and the Road to Global Peace with Islam John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 978 0 470 73007 2 rizieq shihab kittysuryo 14 June 2008 Video Rekaman Penyerbuan Massa FPI ke AKKBB archived from the original on 15 July 2017 retrieved 20 December 2016 Chernov Hwang Julie 2012 Peaceful Islamist Mobilization in the Muslim World What Went Right Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 978 1 137 01623 2 Archived from the original on 16 May 2022 Retrieved 1 December 2020 Gelar Imam Besar hingga Capres 2014 untuk Habib Rizieq Merdeka 24 August 2013 Archived from the original on 5 October 2019 Retrieved 21 August 2014 Maklumat FPI Tentang ISIS 10 August 2014 Archived from the original on 26 August 2014 Retrieved 6 September 2014 Sikap FPI Soal Issue ISIS FPI Dukung Pendirian Khilafah amp Harapkan Persatuan Mujahidin in Indonesian 10 August 2014 Archived from the original on 25 November 2015 Retrieved 24 November 2015 SIKAP FPI TERHADAP ISIS DAULAH ISLAMIYAH in Indonesian Archived from the original on 25 November 2015 Retrieved 25 November 2015 Tanggapan Habib Muhammad Rizieq Shihab Terhadap Wahhabi dan Syiah 17 December 2012 Archived from the original on 6 September 2014 Retrieved 6 September 2014 a b Bantahan Habib Rizieq Shihab Terhadap Ustadz Yazid Jawas Part 1 video in Indonesian Retrieved 6 September 2014 a b Bantahan Habib Rizieq Shihab Terhadap Ustadz Yazid Jawas Part 2 video in Indonesian Retrieved 6 September 2014 Habib Rizieq Syihab Larang Wahabi di Indonesia Islam Times in Indonesian 12 December 2013 Archived from the original on 15 December 2013 Retrieved 10 September 2014 Habib Rizieq Shihab Usulkan Dibuatnya Undang Undang Pelarangan Penyebaran Ajaran Syiah dan Wahabi Muslim Media News in Indonesian 14 December 2013 Archived from the original on 11 September 2014 Retrieved 10 September 2014 a b FPI Lakukan Rekruitment Pasukan Jihad ke Palestina Tempo in Indonesian 30 July 2003 Archived from the original on 7 January 2021 Retrieved 4 January 2021 Frost Frank Terrorism in Southeast Asia Parliament of Australia Parliamentary Library Archived from the original on 28 March 2010 Retrieved 30 November 2010 Woodward Mark Rohmaniyah Inayah Amin Ali Ma arif Samsul Coleman Diana Murtaugh Umar Muhammad Sani 2012 Ordering what is right forbidding what is wrong two faces of Hadhrami dakwah in contemporary Indonesia Review of Indonesian and Malaysian Affairs 46 2 132 136 of 105 146 Archived from the original on 2 May 2021 Retrieved 2 May 2021 Mukmin Sejati Situs Resmi Front Pembela Islam 6 February 2015 Archived from the original on 6 February 2015 Retrieved 2 May 2021 PERILAKU PREJUDICE KETUA FPI MUHAMMAD RIZIEQ SHIHAB TERHADAP AHOK Analisis Isi Situs Resmi FPI dan Portal Berita Online PDF Archived PDF from the original on 2 May 2021 Retrieved 16 May 2022 Hakim Abdul Djalil 10 October 2014 Ini Rekam Jejak Perilaku FPI Tempo Archived from the original on 8 December 2020 Retrieved 1 December 2020 a b M Andika Putra Raja Eben Lumbanrau 17 January 2017 Jejak FPI dan Status Napi Rizieq Shihab CNN Indonesia in Indonesian Archived from the original on 5 October 2019 Retrieved 13 February 2017 Liputan6 com 25 November 2015 Pelesetkan Sampurasun Jadi Campur Racun Habib Rizieq Dipolisikan liputan6 com in Indonesian Archived from the original on 22 January 2022 Retrieved 1 December 2020 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link WARGA LAWAN FPI Hina Presiden Habib Rizieq Syihab Dibidik Polisi Solopos com in Indonesian 25 July 2013 Archived from the original on 16 May 2022 Retrieved 1 December 2020 Safrin La Batu 23 January 2017 FPI leader calls for withdrawal of banknotes with communist symbol The Jakarta Post Jakarta Archived from the original on 13 February 2017 Retrieved 13 February 2017 Safrin La Batu 23 January 2017 FPI leader questioned for allegedly insulting rupiah The Jakarta Post Jakarta Archived from the original on 13 February 2017 Retrieved 13 February 2017 dtv detikTV Ini Video Dukungan FPI ke ISIS detiknews in Indonesian Archived from the original on 23 July 2021 Retrieved 30 December 2020 VIDEO Selepas Rizieq Shihab Balik Kampung dari Arab Saudi CNN Indonesia 14 November 2020 Archived from the original on 19 November 2020 Retrieved 2 December 2020 Nadia Kemala Movanita Ambaranie 21 June 2017 Police Put Investigation Into Rizieq Shihab s Pornography Case on Hold Jakarta Globe Archived from the original on 27 February 2021 Retrieved 2 December 2020 Jakarta Metro Police to Summon Rizieq Shihab after Returning from Pilgrimage 2 May 2017 Archived from the original on 7 May 2017 Retrieved 14 May 2017 Indonesian cleric denies receiving pornographic messages from female supporter www abc net au 30 May 2017 Archived from the original on 13 December 2020 Retrieved 10 December 2020 Polisi Tetapkan Habib Rizieq jadi Tersangka Kasus Pornografi Detik News in Indonesian Archived from the original on 16 May 2022 Retrieved 2 June 2017 Rizieq Shihab named suspect in pornography case while abroad The Jakarta Post 29 May 2017 Archived from the original on 2 June 2017 Retrieved 6 June 2017 a b Firebrand Indonesian cleric returns from 3 year Saudi exile AP NEWS 10 November 2020 Archived from the original on 10 December 2020 Retrieved 29 November 2020 Rizieq has overstayed his visa Envoy The Jakarta Post Archived from the original on 16 December 2018 Retrieved 13 December 2018 Saudi authorities question Rizieq over extremist flag at his house in Mecca The Jakarta Post Archived from the original on 10 December 2018 Retrieved 13 December 2018 Rizieq not a threat to my country Saudi envoy says The Jakarta Post Archived from the original on 16 December 2018 Retrieved 13 December 2018 Aliya Tiara PN Jaksel SP3 Kasus Chat Habib Rizieq Tak Sah Menurut Hukum detiknews in Indonesian Archived from the original on 29 December 2020 Retrieved 30 December 2020 Immigration denies Rizieq is banned from coming home The Jakarta Post Archived from the original on 9 December 2020 Retrieved 29 November 2020 a b Crowds cause major jams in marking Rizieq Shihab s homecoming The Jakarta Post Archived from the original on 28 November 2020 Retrieved 29 November 2020 Afifa Laila 6 November 2020 Indonesian Ambassador Says Rizieq Shihab on Deportation List Tempo Archived from the original on 9 December 2020 Retrieved 29 November 2020 Rizieq Ancam Tak Terima Dituduh Overstay Dubes RI Hahaha Lucu dan Aneh suara com in Indonesian 6 November 2020 Archived from the original on 9 December 2020 Retrieved 29 November 2020 Chew Amy 10 November 2020 Hardline Indonesian cleric returns from Saudi exile to call for moral revolution South China Morning Post Archived from the original on 1 December 2020 Retrieved 2 December 2020 Media Kompas Cyber 11 November 2020 Penyambutan Rizieq Shihab di Petamburan Timbulkan Kerumunan Ini Langkah Sudinkes Jakpus KOMPAS com in Indonesian Archived from the original on 28 November 2020 Retrieved 29 November 2020 Media Kompas Cyber 15 November 2020 10 000 Tamu Resepsi Putri Rizieq Shihab di Tengah Pandemi yang Difasilitasi Negara Halaman all KOMPAS com in Indonesian Archived from the original on 20 November 2020 Retrieved 29 November 2020 Jakarta West Java Police chiefs removed for failure to enforce health protocols The Jakarta Post 16 November 2020 Archived from the original on 1 December 2020 Retrieved 2 December 2020 Some 900 banners portraying Habib Rizieq Shihab removed mily officer Antara 23 November 2020 Archived from the original on 29 November 2020 Retrieved 2 December 2020 TNI removes Rizieq banners Groups send flower boards as thanks but critics unmoved The Jakarta Post 24 November 2020 Archived from the original on 1 December 2020 Retrieved 2 December 2020 Rizieq Blamed for New Clusters of Covid Infections as Jakarta Sees Record Weekly Number Jakarta Globe 23 November 2020 Archived from the original on 29 November 2020 Retrieved 2 December 2020 Wijana Eleonora Padmasta Ekaristi 1 December 2020 Puji Anies karena Jujur Positif Covid 19 Warganet Sindir Habib Rizieq Suara com Archived from the original on 16 May 2022 Retrieved 2 December 2020 detikcom Tim Habib Rizieq Tinggalkan RS UMMI Lewat Pintu Belakang detiknews in Indonesian Archived from the original on 30 November 2020 Retrieved 1 December 2020 Media Kompas Cyber 29 November 2020 RS Ummi Dapat Teguran Keras MER C Seharusnya Bima Arya Percaya Penuh pada RS KOMPAS com in Indonesian Archived from the original on 2 December 2020 Retrieved 1 December 2020 Mer C Responds to Issue about Rizieq Shihab s Positive Test 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Pengikut Habib Rizieq detiknews in Indonesian Archived from the original on 7 December 2020 Retrieved 7 December 2020 Arunanta Luqman Nurhadi FPI Bantah Anggotanya yang Kawal Habib Rizieq Dibekali Senjata Api detiknews in Indonesian Archived from the original on 7 December 2020 Retrieved 7 December 2020 Police FPI Clash House Member Suggests Formation of Investigation Team Tempo co 7 December 2020 Archived from the original on 16 May 2022 Retrieved 7 December 2020 Fachriansyah Rizki 7 December 2020 Observers call for independent investigation into killing of six FPI members in alleged clash with police The Jakarta Post Archived from the original on 7 December 2020 Retrieved 7 December 2020 Ernes Yogi Habib Rizieq Tersangka Dijerat Pasal Hasutan dan Melawan Petugas detiknews in Indonesian Archived from the original on 10 December 2020 Retrieved 10 December 2020 Rizieq Shihab Under Arrest After Questioning Tempo co 13 December 2020 Archived from the original on 22 January 2021 Retrieved 13 December 2020 Polri Perpanjang Penahanan Habib Rizieq hingga 1 Februari 2021 kumparan in Indonesian Archived from the original on 30 December 2020 Retrieved 30 December 2020 Internet Issue Cancels Rizieq s Opening Trial Jakarta Globe 16 March 2021 Archived from the original on 19 March 2021 Retrieved 18 March 2021 detikcom Tim Protes Sidang Virtual Habib Rizieq dan Pengacaranya Walkout detiknews in Indonesian Archived from the original on 20 March 2021 Retrieved 19 March 2021 detikcom Tim Momen Eks Ketum FPI Walkout tapi Tak Bisa Keluar Ruangan di Bareskrim detiknews in Indonesian Archived from the original on 19 March 2021 Retrieved 19 March 2021 Rizieq Shihab s Trial Held Offline Police Beef Up Security Tempo co 25 March 2021 Retrieved 26 March 2021 Maulia ERWIDA MAULIA Erwida 27 May 2021 Firebrand Indonesian cleric Habib Rizieq gets 8 month sentence Nikkei Asia Archived from the original on 1 June 2021 Retrieved 2 June 2021 Widianto Stanley 24 June 2021 Indonesia jails cleric for four years over spread of false COVID 19 information Reuters Archived from the original on 26 June 2021 Retrieved 26 June 2021 bin Husein Shihab al Habib Muhammad Rizieq 2011 Hancurkan Liberalisme Tegakkan Syariat Islam Jakarta Suara Islam Press ISBN 978 6029985702 Habib Rizieq Hadirkan Buku Wawasan Kebangsaan Menuju NKRI Bersyariah www suara islam com Archived from the original on 2 April 2018 Retrieved 29 June 2017 Metode Dakwah Habib Rizieq bin Husein Syihab pada Majlis Ta lim al Ishlah Jakarta Pusat p 36 Metode Dakwah Habib Rizieq bin Husein Syihab pada Majlis Ta lim al Ishlah Jakarta Pusat p 32 KabarNet 7 April 2013 Habib Rizieq Ternyata Mufti Besar Kesultanan Sulu KabarNet in Indonesian Archived from the original on 13 March 2018 Retrieved 1 April 2018 Suara Islam 6 April 2013 Filipina di Balik Konflik Sulu Sabah www suara islam com in Indonesian Archived from the original on 13 July 2017 Retrieved 1 April 2018 Bibliography edit Fuller Collins Elizabeth 2007 Indonesia Betrayed How Development Fails University of Hawaii Press p 165 ISBN 978 0 8248 3183 7 fpi founder Masyitoh Siti 2011 Metode Dakwah Habib Rizieq bin Husein Syihab pada Majlis Ta lim al Ishlah Jakarta Pusat PDF S Sos I Jakarta Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Archived PDF from the original on 26 August 2014 Retrieved 21 August 2014 Jahroni Jajang 12 March 2008 Defending the Majesty of Islam Indonesia s Front Pembela Islam 1998 2003 Chiang Mai Thailand Silkworm Books ISBN 978 9749511114 Rosadi Andi 2008 Hitam putih FPI Mengungkap Rahasia rahasia Mencengangkan Ormas Keagamaan Paling Kontroversial Jakarta Nun Publisher ISBN 978 9791611022 Archived from the original on 7 April 2022 Retrieved 1 December 2020 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Muhammad Rizieq Shihab FPI Website Archived 16 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine Muhammad Rizieq Shihab profile Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rizieq Shihab amp oldid 1215712157, wikipedia, 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