Maxillaria, abbreviated as Max in the horticultural trade, is a large genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae). This is a diverse genus, with very different morphological forms. Their characteristics can vary widely. They are commonly called spider orchids, flame orchids or tiger orchids. Their scientific name is derived from the Latin word maxilla, meaning jawbone, reflecting on the column and the base of the lip of some species, that may evoke a protruding jaw.
Their pseudobulbs are round or oblong and each carry one or two lanceolateleaves. Some grow close together in a clustered manner on a short rhizome, while in other species the pseudobulbs keep some distance on an elongate rhizome. This rhizome is clothed in a somewhat transparent, silvery-gray velamen.
The flowers grow solitary on short stalks, called scapes, from the base of the pseudobulb. Most are small to very small, but some species carry large, showy flowers. The flowers are never longer than the leaves. Their free petals and sepals have a typically curved and adnate labellum with three inconspicuous lobes. Or the lip may have a distinct callus on the disc ( = central part of the lip from which the lobes radiate). The papillae (= small warts like glands) and the trichomes of the lip show great diversity. The most common form for the papillae is the conical form with rounded or pointed tips.
Taxonomyedit
The genus was established by Hipólito Ruiz López and José Antonio Pavón Jiménez in 1794. In 2007, a molecular phylogenetic study found that many of the genera then accepted in the subtribe Maxillariinae (including Anthosiphon, Cryptocentrum, Chrysocycnis, Cyrtidiorchis, Mormolyca, Pityphyllum, and Trigonidium) were embedded within Maxillaria as then circumscribed, rendering that genus polyphyletic. The authors suggested recognizing 17 separate genera, including in addition Brasilorchis, Camaridium, Christensonella, Heterotaxis, Inti, Mapinguari, Maxillariella, Nitobulbon, Ornithidium, Rhetinantha and Sauvetrea.[2][3] Other sources have preferred to take a more conservative approach, treating all the genera within an enlarged Maxillaria. For example, as of December 2023[update], Plants of the World Online listed over 40 other genus names as synonyms of Maxillaria.[1]
Distribution and ecologyedit
Maxillaria species are distributed in the rainforest at sea level to elevations of 3,500 m, in Latin America from central Mexico to Bolivia, as well as in the West Indies.[4] This is an indication for the different temperature requirements, from warm growing to cold growing, within the genus.[citation needed]
Maxillaria is not one of the popular genera among growers. Only a few species grow big, showy flowers. But some species are nevertheless sought by collectors, mostly for the fragrance of their blossoms, such as Maxillaria tenuifolia.[citation needed]
Referencesedit
^ ab"Maxillaria Ruiz & Pav". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
^Blanco, Mario A; Carnevali, German; Witten, W. Mark; Singer, Rodrigo B.; Koehler, Samantha; Williams, Norris H.; Ojeda, Isidro; Neubig, Kurt M. & Endara, Lorena (2007). "Generic realignments in Maxillarinae (Orchidaceae)" (PDF). Lankasteriana. 7 (3): 515–537. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
^Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.C. & Rasmussen, F.N. (2009). Epidendroideae (Part two). Genera Orchidacearum 5: 1-585. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
Dr. Karlheinz Senghas - Maxillaria, un genre chaotique - Richardiana
Eric A. Christenson - Vue d’ensemble du genre Maxillaria - Richardiana
External linksedit
Media related to Maxillaria at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Maxillaria at Wikispecies
April 12, 2024
maxillaria, abbreviated, horticultural, trade, large, genus, orchids, family, orchidaceae, this, diverse, genus, with, very, different, morphological, forms, their, characteristics, vary, widely, they, commonly, called, spider, orchids, flame, orchids, tiger, . Maxillaria abbreviated as Max in the horticultural trade is a large genus of orchids family Orchidaceae This is a diverse genus with very different morphological forms Their characteristics can vary widely They are commonly called spider orchids flame orchids or tiger orchids Their scientific name is derived from the Latin word maxilla meaning jawbone reflecting on the column and the base of the lip of some species that may evoke a protruding jaw MaxillariaCoconut pie orchid Maxillaria tenuifolia Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade MonocotsOrder AsparagalesFamily OrchidaceaeSubfamily EpidendroideaeTribe CymbidieaeSubtribe MaxillariinaeGenus MaxillariaRuiz amp PavonType speciesMaxillaria platypetalaRuiz amp Pavon 1794 SpeciesMany see list of Maxillaria speciesSynonyms 1 List Adamanthus Szlach Anthosiphon Schltr Aucellia Szlach amp Sitko Bolbidium Lindl Lindl Brasiliorchis R B Singer S Koehler amp Carnevali Calawaya Szlach amp Sitko Camaridium Lindl Chaseopsis Szlach amp Sitko Chelyella Szlach amp Sitko Christensonella Szlach Mytnik Gorniak amp Smiszek Chrysocycnis Linden amp Rchb f Cryptocentrum Benth Cyrtidiorchis Rauschert Cyrtidium Schltr Cyrtoglottis Schltr Dicrypta Lindl Heterotaxis Lindl Hoehnella Szlach amp Sitko Hylaeorchis Carnevali amp G A Romero Inti M A Blanco Laricorchis Szlach Mapinguari Carnevali amp R B Singer Marsupiaria Hoehne Maxillariella M A Blanco amp Carnevali Menadena Raf Mormolyca Fenzl Neo urbania Fawc amp Rendle Nitidobulbon Ojeda Carnevali amp G A Romero Ornithidium Salisb ex R Br Pittierella Schltr Pityphyllum Schltr Pseudocymbidium Szlach amp Sitko Pseudomaxillaria Hoehne Psittacoglossum Lex Rhetinantha M A Blanco Sauvetrea Szlach Sepalosaccus Schltr Siagonanthus Poepp amp Endl Trigonidium Lindl Vazquezella Szlach amp Sitko Viracocha Szlach amp Sitko Xanthoxerampellia Szlach amp Sitko Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy 3 Distribution and ecology 4 Cultivation 5 References 6 External linksDescription editTheir pseudobulbs are round or oblong and each carry one or two lanceolate leaves Some grow close together in a clustered manner on a short rhizome while in other species the pseudobulbs keep some distance on an elongate rhizome This rhizome is clothed in a somewhat transparent silvery gray velamen The flowers grow solitary on short stalks called scapes from the base of the pseudobulb Most are small to very small but some species carry large showy flowers The flowers are never longer than the leaves Their free petals and sepals have a typically curved and adnate labellum with three inconspicuous lobes Or the lip may have a distinct callus on the disc central part of the lip from which the lobes radiate The papillae small warts like glands and the trichomes of the lip show great diversity The most common form for the papillae is the conical form with rounded or pointed tips Taxonomy editThe genus was established by Hipolito Ruiz Lopez and Jose Antonio Pavon Jimenez in 1794 In 2007 a molecular phylogenetic study found that many of the genera then accepted in the subtribe Maxillariinae including Anthosiphon Cryptocentrum Chrysocycnis Cyrtidiorchis Mormolyca Pityphyllum and Trigonidium were embedded within Maxillaria as then circumscribed rendering that genus polyphyletic The authors suggested recognizing 17 separate genera including in addition Brasilorchis Camaridium Christensonella Heterotaxis Inti Mapinguari Maxillariella Nitobulbon Ornithidium Rhetinantha and Sauvetrea 2 3 Other sources have preferred to take a more conservative approach treating all the genera within an enlarged Maxillaria For example as of December 2023 update Plants of the World Online listed over 40 other genus names as synonyms of Maxillaria 1 Distribution and ecology editMaxillaria species are distributed in the rainforest at sea level to elevations of 3 500 m in Latin America from central Mexico to Bolivia as well as in the West Indies 4 This is an indication for the different temperature requirements from warm growing to cold growing within the genus citation needed They are mostly epiphytes rather large in size but some are terrestrials or even lithophytes such as M rupestris citation needed Cultivation editMaxillaria is not one of the popular genera among growers Only a few species grow big showy flowers But some species are nevertheless sought by collectors mostly for the fragrance of their blossoms such as Maxillaria tenuifolia citation needed References edit a b Maxillaria Ruiz amp Pav Plants of the World Online Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 6 December 2023 Blanco Mario A Carnevali German Witten W Mark Singer Rodrigo B Koehler Samantha Williams Norris H Ojeda Isidro Neubig Kurt M amp Endara Lorena 2007 Generic realignments in Maxillarinae Orchidaceae PDF Lankasteriana 7 3 515 537 Retrieved 6 December 2023 Pridgeon A M Cribb P J Chase M C amp Rasmussen F N 2009 Epidendroideae Part two Genera Orchidacearum 5 1 585 Oxford University Press New York Oxford Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Dr Karlheinz Senghas Maxillaria un genre chaotique Richardiana Eric A Christenson Vue d ensemble du genre Maxillaria RichardianaExternal links edit nbsp Media related to Maxillaria at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Data related to Maxillaria at Wikispecies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Maxillaria amp oldid 1188584184, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
