The Mixe languages are languages of the Mixean branch of the Mixe–Zoquean language family indigenous to southern Mexico. According to a 1995 classification, there are seven of them (including one that is extinct). The four that are spoken in Oaxaca are commonly called Mixe while their two relatives spoken in Veracruz are commonly called "Popoluca", but sometimes also Mixe (these are "Oluta Popoluca" or "Olutec Mixe" and "Sayula Popoluca" or "Sayultec Mixe"). This article is about the Oaxaca Mixe languages, which their speakers call Ayöök, Ayuujk, Ayüük or Ayuhk.[citation needed]
Mixe phonology is complicated and little documented.[citation needed] There is a palatalized series of all consonant phonemes (as in Russian, Polish or Irish) and possibly a fortis/lenis distinction in the plosive series, the recognition of which however is obscured by a tendency towards allophonic voicing of consonants in voiced environments. Syllable nuclei are notoriously complex in Mixe, varying in length and phonation. Most descriptions report three contrastive vowel lengths.[2] There are multiple values of phonation, one being modal voicing. The other types of phonation have been variously termed checked vowels, creaky voice vowels and breathy voice vowels. Some Mixe variants are innovative and some, notably North Highland Mixe, have complicated umlaut systems raising vowel qualities in certain phonological environments.
Grammar
Verbs
The morphosyntactic alignment of Mixe is ergative and it also has an obviative system which serves to distinguish between verb participants in reference to its direct–inverse system.[citation needed] The Mixe verb is complex and inflects for many categories and also shows a lot of derivational morphology. One of the parameters of verb inflection is whether a verb occurs in an independent or dependent clause; this distinction is marked by both differential affixation and stem ablaut.[citation needed] Unlike Sayultec Mixe[3] (spoken in the neighboring state of Veracruz), Mixe languages of Oaxaca only mark one argument on the verb:[citation needed] either the object or the subject of the verb depending on whether the verb is in the direct or inverse form. Mixe shows a wide variety of possibilities for noun incorporation.
Nouns
The Mixe noun does not normally inflect, except that human nouns inflect for plural.[citation needed] Noun compounding is a very productive process, and the profuse derivational morphology allows for creation of new nouns both from verbs and from other nouns. To indicate the plural an enclitic, ëch, is added to the noun.[4]
Syntax
Mixe languages have SOV constituent order, prepositions and genitives precede the noun. But relative clauses follow the noun.[citation needed]
Dieterman, Julia Irene, 1995, Participant reference in Isthmus Mixe Narrative Discourse, MA. Thesis in linguistics presented to the Faculty of the Graduate school of the University of Texas at Arlington.
Hoogshagen, Searle & Hilda Halloran Hoogshagen, 1993, Diccionario Mixe de Coatlán, Serie de Vocabularios Indigénas "Mariano Silva y Aceves" Num. 32. SIL, Mexico, D.F.
Kroeger, Paul R. 2005. Analyzing grammar: an introduction. Cambridge University Press.
Schoenhals, Alvin & Louise Schoenhals, 1965, Vocabulario Mixe de Totontepec, Serie de Vocabularios Indigénas "Mariano Silva y Aceves" Num. 14. SIL, Mexico, D.F.
Wichmann, Søren, 1995, The Relationship Among the Mixe–Zoquean Languages of Mexico. University of Utah Press. Salt Lake City. ISBN0-87480-487-6
JANY, C. (2013). Defining Nominal Comp as a P WORD-FORMATION PROCESS IN CHUXNABÁN MIXE. International Journal of American Linguistics, 79(4), 533–553.
External links
Online resources for Mixe of Chuxnabán (Midlands) by Carmen Jany
Bachillerato bilingüe Mixe de Tlahuitoltepec
January 14, 2023
mixe, languages, confused, with, mixean, languages, mixtec, language, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, april, 2. Not to be confused with Mixean languages or Mixtec language This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations April 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Mixe languages are languages of the Mixean branch of the Mixe Zoquean language family indigenous to southern Mexico According to a 1995 classification there are seven of them including one that is extinct The four that are spoken in Oaxaca are commonly called Mixe while their two relatives spoken in Veracruz are commonly called Popoluca but sometimes also Mixe these are Oluta Popoluca or Olutec Mixe and Sayula Popoluca or Sayultec Mixe This article is about the Oaxaca Mixe languages which their speakers call Ayook Ayuujk Ayuuk or Ayuhk citation needed MixeOaxacan MixeanAyuujkEthnicityMixe peopleGeographicdistributionOaxaca MexicoNative speakers140 000 2020 census 1 Linguistic classificationMixe ZoqueMixeanMixeSubdivisionsTotontepec Tlahuitoltepec Midland Isthmus Ulterior MixeGlottologoaxa1241The Mixe region within the state of Oaxaca in southern Mexico source source source source source source source source source source Video on Mixe produced by UABJO 140 000 people reported their language to be Mixe in the 2020 census 1 Contents 1 Classification 2 Phonology 3 Grammar 3 1 Verbs 3 2 Nouns 3 3 Syntax 4 Sample 5 Radio 6 See also 7 Sources 8 Bibliography 9 External linksClassification EditOaxaca Mixe languages are spoken in the Sierra Mixe of eastern Oaxaca These four languages are North Highland Mixe spoken around Totontepec the most divergent South Highland Mixe spoken around Santa Maria Tlahuitoltepec Ayutla and Tamazulapan Midland Mixe spoken around Juquila and Zacatepec and Lowland Mixe spoken in San Juan Guichicovi this language is also known as Isthmus Mixe The following classification is from Wichmann 1995 9 Mixe Oaxacan Mixean North Highland Mixe Totontepec South Highland Mixe Tlahuitoltepec Core Tlahuitoltepec Ayutla Tamazulapan Fringe Tepuxtepec Tepantlali Mixistlan Midland Mixe North Midland Mixe Jaltepec Puxmetacan Matamoros Cotzocon South Midland Mixe Juquila Cacalotepec Lowland Mixe Camotlan San Jose El Paraiso Coatlan Mazatlan Guichicovi Wichmann 2008 adds Ulterior Mixe as an additional branch MixeTotontepec Mixe Ulterior Mixe Lowland Midland Mixe South Highland Tlahuitoltepec Mixe Lowland Midland Mixe Midland Mixe Juquila Mixe North Central Mixe Lowland Mixe Coatlan Mixe Isthmus Mixe Guichicovi Mazatlan MixePhonology EditMixe phonology is complicated and little documented citation needed There is a palatalized series of all consonant phonemes as in Russian Polish or Irish and possibly a fortis lenis distinction in the plosive series the recognition of which however is obscured by a tendency towards allophonic voicing of consonants in voiced environments Syllable nuclei are notoriously complex in Mixe varying in length and phonation Most descriptions report three contrastive vowel lengths 2 There are multiple values of phonation one being modal voicing The other types of phonation have been variously termed checked vowels creaky voice vowels and breathy voice vowels Some Mixe variants are innovative and some notably North Highland Mixe have complicated umlaut systems raising vowel qualities in certain phonological environments Grammar EditVerbs Edit The morphosyntactic alignment of Mixe is ergative and it also has an obviative system which serves to distinguish between verb participants in reference to its direct inverse system citation needed The Mixe verb is complex and inflects for many categories and also shows a lot of derivational morphology One of the parameters of verb inflection is whether a verb occurs in an independent or dependent clause this distinction is marked by both differential affixation and stem ablaut citation needed Unlike Sayultec Mixe 3 spoken in the neighboring state of Veracruz Mixe languages of Oaxaca only mark one argument on the verb citation needed either the object or the subject of the verb depending on whether the verb is in the direct or inverse form Mixe shows a wide variety of possibilities for noun incorporation Nouns Edit The Mixe noun does not normally inflect except that human nouns inflect for plural citation needed Noun compounding is a very productive process and the profuse derivational morphology allows for creation of new nouns both from verbs and from other nouns To indicate the plural an enclitic ech is added to the noun 4 Syntax Edit Mixe languages have SOV constituent order prepositions and genitives precede the noun But relative clauses follow the noun citation needed Sample EditThis sample is from Lowland Mixe 5 pwes pwesWellhadu nhaduʔnthereidaaʔidaːthisyɨyoopʲ ʔɨjoːb3P poorjɨyajhɨjaʔajpersonidaaʔidaːthisaldeanoʔaldeanoranch handmɨɨtmɨːdwithytoxyijkʲ toʔoʃʲɨʰk3P POSS womanytɨkoyʲtɨɡoˑjʲ3P CAUS PAS lose DEPyɨjɨthemɨkumɨkuʔu devilpwes hadu n idaa yɨyoop jɨyaj idaa aldeano mɨɨt ytoxyijk ytɨkoy yɨ mɨku pwes haduʔn ʔidaː ʲ ʔɨjoːb hɨjaʔaj ʔidaː ʔaldeano mɨːd ʲ toʔoʃʲɨʰk ʲtɨɡoˑjʲ jɨ mɨkuʔu Well there this 3P poor person this ranch hand with 3P POSS woman 3P CAUS PAS lose DEP the devil Well that s how this poor person this ranch hand with his wife made the devil lose Radio EditMixe language programming is carried by the CDI s radio station XEGLO based in Guelatao de Juarez Oaxaca See also EditAgustin QuintanaSources Edit a b Diferentes lenguas indigenas cuentame inegi org mx Retrieved 2022 07 02 Ladefoged Maddieson 1996 The sounds of the world s languages Blackwell p 320 ISBN 978 0631198154 Kroeger 2005 286 Jany 2013 p 538 Dieterman 1995 pg 110Bibliography EditDieterman Julia Irene 1995 Participant reference in Isthmus Mixe Narrative Discourse MA Thesis in linguistics presented to the Faculty of the Graduate school of the University of Texas at Arlington Hoogshagen Searle amp Hilda Halloran Hoogshagen 1993 Diccionario Mixe de Coatlan Serie de Vocabularios Indigenas Mariano Silva y Aceves Num 32 SIL Mexico D F Kroeger Paul R 2005 Analyzing grammar an introduction Cambridge University Press Schoenhals Alvin amp Louise Schoenhals 1965 Vocabulario Mixe de Totontepec Serie de Vocabularios Indigenas Mariano Silva y Aceves Num 14 SIL Mexico D F Wichmann Soren 1995 The Relationship Among the Mixe Zoquean Languages of Mexico University of Utah Press Salt Lake City ISBN 0 87480 487 6 JANY C 2013 Defining Nominal Comp as a P WORD FORMATION PROCESS IN CHUXNABAN MIXE International Journal of American Linguistics 79 4 533 553 External links EditOnline resources for Mixe of Chuxnaban Midlands by Carmen Jany Bachillerato bilingue Mixe de Tlahuitoltepec Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mixe languages amp oldid 1127070612, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
