Misumenoides formosipes is a species of crab spiders (Thomisidae), belonging to the genus Misumenoides ("crab" or "flower" spiders). The species' unofficial common name is white banded crab spider, which refers to a white line that runs through the plane of their eyes. This species is a sit-and-wait predator that captures pollinators as they visit the inflorescences on which the spider sits. The spider has strong front legs which are used to seize prey.[1] The female spider is much larger than the male. The pattern of markings on females is variable and the overall color of the body can change between white and yellow dependent on the color of their surroundings. The color pattern for males, which does not change in their lifetime, differs from females in that the four front legs of males are darker and the abdomen is gold. The spider can be found throughout the United States.[2] Males search for sedentary females within a heterogeneous habitat and guard them until they are sexually mature to reproduce.[3][4]
White banded crab spiders are differentiated from other similar species by the presence of the white ridge below the bottom row of eyes. They get the name crab spider because of their resemblance to crabs in their shape and front legs.
Femalesedit
Female M. formosipes have a length of 5.0–11.3 millimetres (0.20–0.44 in). They can change their coloring to appear as white, yellow, or light brown and can have various markings along their body that are red, black, or brown. Their posterior is a rounded triangular shape.[5]
Malesedit
Misumenoides formosipes - male
Male M. formosipes are much smaller than the females and only have a length of 2.5–3.2 mm (0.10–0.13 in). Their front legs are a much longer and a darker color than their back legs. The abdomen is a gold color that cannot be changed, unlike the female.[5]
Behavioredit
Floral attractionedit
M. formosipes is a non-web building spider, so they use flowers to catch pollinators as well as find mates. Males spend a majority of their time searching for mates, primarily females close to adulthood, so they search for inflorescences by the smell they give off. A common flower that M. formosipes is attracted to is the Rudbeckia hirta. Males tend to feed on the nectar of flowers, specifically Daucus carota.[6]
Color-changing abilityedit
Female M. formosipes with yellow pigmentation to camouflage on a yellow flower.Female Whitebanded Crab Spider (Misumenoides formosipes) on a white flower
Female M. formosipes are able to change their color between yellow and white to better match the flower they are occupying. The change from white to yellow can take over 3 days,[7] while the change from yellow to white takes longer. The yellow coloring is due to ommochrome pigments being produced.[8] The appearance of white is due to guanine and uric acid in the epidermis.[9]
Hunting and dietedit
Female M. formosipes hunt by waiting on inflorescences and capturing pollinators that visit the flower. Male M. formosipes are nectarivores and get a majority of their nutrients from consuming nectar from Daucus carota , commonly known as Queen Anne's Lace. Since the male M. formosipes are significantly smaller than the females, they are able to benefit from the low amounts of sucrose found in nectar.[10]
Reproduction and lifecycleedit
Egg layingedit
The female crab spider will deposit their eggs into a silk sack roughly 10-14mm wide on nearby foliage. There will be around 80 to 180 tan colored eggs wrapped in the silk. The female will then guard the sack until she dies.[5]
Activityedit
M. formosipesdiurnal, so it is active during the day. They have a very high temperature tolerance and are able to withstand temperatures up to 48.2 °C (118.76 °F) and down to 2.2 °C (35.96 °F). They prefer temperatures around 18.4 °C (65.12 °F).[11]
Sexual dimorphismedit
The sexual dimorphism of the white banded crab spider has resulted in significantly smaller males from females. Females can grow to be around 5.0-11.3 millimeters (0.20-0.44 inches) and males can grow to be 2.5-3.2 mm (0.10-0.13 in). Since the males are actively searching for females, this smaller size is beneficial for both traveling and survival. Males will travel by jumping from one plant part to another as well as traversing across a string of silk they throw into the wind that stick to an object. Their smaller size also helps them stay hidden from predators.[12]
Pre-copulatory mate guardingedit
Male M. formosipes spend a significant amount of time searching for unmated penultimate females. Once a mate has been found, the male will then live on the female's inflorescence and fight off any intruding males.[4] Virgin female M. formosipes will not resist mating attempts, so the male that is closest once the female molts into maturity will have a mating advantage.[12] When two males of equal size fight, the resident spider will win a majority of the time over the intruder male. Males that also have previous experience at winning fights will have a much greater advantage.[13]
Female & Male White Banded Crab Spider on flower in Point Reyes National Seashore
^Leo M. Stellwag & Gary N. Dodson (2010). "Navigation by male crab spiders Misumenoides formosipes (Araneae: Thomisidae): floral cues may aid in locating potential mates". Journal of Insect Behavior. 23 (3): 226–335. doi:10.1007/s10905-010-9209-9. S2CID 37806997.
^ abDodson, Gary N.; Beck, Michael W. (November 1993). "Pre-copulatory guarding of penultimate females by male crab spiders, Misumenoides formosipes". Animal Behaviour. 46 (5): 951–959. doi:10.1006/anbe.1993.1276. ISSN 0003-3472. S2CID 54358641.
^Dodson, G. N.; Lang, P. L.; Jones, R. N.; Versprille, A. N. (April 2013). "Specificity of attraction to floral chemistry in Misumenoides formosipes crab spiders". The Journal of Arachnology. 41 (1): 36–42. doi:10.1636/Hi11-94.1. ISSN 0161-8202. S2CID 55267299.
^ANDERSON, ALISSA G.; DODSON, GARY N. (2014-12-14). "Colour change ability and its effect on prey capture success in femaleMisumenoides formosipescrab spiders". Ecological Entomology. 40 (2): 106–113. doi:10.1111/een.12167. ISSN 0307-6946. S2CID 83745829.
^Gawryszewski, Felipe M.; Birch, Debra; Kemp, Darrell J.; Herberstein, Marie E. (2014-07-03). "Dissecting the variation of a visual trait: the proximate basis of UV ‐Visible reflectance in crab spiders (Thomisidae)". Functional Ecology. 29 (1): 44–54. doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12300. ISSN 0269-8463.
^Insausti, Teresita C.; Casas, Jérôme (2008-03-01). "The functional morphology of color changing in a spider: development of ommochrome pigment granules". Journal of Experimental Biology. 211 (5): 780–789. doi:10.1242/jeb.014043. ISSN 0022-0949. PMID 18281341.
^Pollard, Simon D.; Beck, Mike W.; Dodson, Gary N. (June 1995). "Why do male crab spiders drink nectar?". Animal Behaviour. 49 (6): 1443–1448. doi:10.1016/0003-3472(95)90065-9. ISSN 0003-3472. S2CID 53171556.
^Schmalhofer, Victoria R. (1999). "Thermal Tolerances and Preferences of the Crab Spiders Misumenops asperatus and Misumenoides formosipes (Araneae, Thomisidae)". The Journal of Arachnology. 27 (2): 470–480. ISSN 0161-8202. JSTOR 3706045.
^ abDodson, Gary N.; Schwaab, Aaron T. (2001). "Body Size, Leg Autotomy, and Prior Experience as Factors in the Fighting Success of Male Crab Spiders, Misumenoides formosipes". Journal of Insect Behavior. 14 (6): 841–855. doi:10.1023/A:1013045602493. S2CID 28468370.
^Hoefler, Chad D. (2002). "Is Contest Experience a Trump Card? The Interaction of Residency Status, Experience, and Body Size on Fighting Success in Misumenoides formosipes (Araneae: Thomisidae)". Journal of Insect Behavior. 15 (6): 779–790. doi:10.1023/a:1021123523307. ISSN 0892-7553. S2CID 11205262.
May 03, 2024
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Misumenoides formosipes is a species of crab spiders Thomisidae belonging to the genus Misumenoides crab or flower spiders The species unofficial common name is white banded crab spider which refers to a white line that runs through the plane of their eyes This species is a sit and wait predator that captures pollinators as they visit the inflorescences on which the spider sits The spider has strong front legs which are used to seize prey 1 The female spider is much larger than the male The pattern of markings on females is variable and the overall color of the body can change between white and yellow dependent on the color of their surroundings The color pattern for males which does not change in their lifetime differs from females in that the four front legs of males are darker and the abdomen is gold The spider can be found throughout the United States 2 Males search for sedentary females within a heterogeneous habitat and guard them until they are sexually mature to reproduce 3 4 Misumenoides formosipes Female Male Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Chelicerata Class Arachnida Order Araneae Infraorder Araneomorphae Family Thomisidae Genus Misumenoides Species M formosipes Binomial name Misumenoides formosipes Walckenaer 1837 Contents 1 Physiology 1 1 Females 1 2 Males 2 Behavior 2 1 Floral attraction 2 2 Color changing ability 3 Hunting and diet 4 Reproduction and lifecycle 4 1 Egg laying 4 2 Activity 4 3 Sexual dimorphism 4 4 Pre copulatory mate guarding 5 ReferencesPhysiology editWhite banded crab spiders are differentiated from other similar species by the presence of the white ridge below the bottom row of eyes They get the name crab spider because of their resemblance to crabs in their shape and front legs Females edit Female M formosipes have a length of 5 0 11 3 millimetres 0 20 0 44 in They can change their coloring to appear as white yellow or light brown and can have various markings along their body that are red black or brown Their posterior is a rounded triangular shape 5 Males edit nbsp Misumenoides formosipes male Male M formosipes are much smaller than the females and only have a length of 2 5 3 2 mm 0 10 0 13 in Their front legs are a much longer and a darker color than their back legs The abdomen is a gold color that cannot be changed unlike the female 5 Behavior editFloral attraction edit M formosipes is a non web building spider so they use flowers to catch pollinators as well as find mates Males spend a majority of their time searching for mates primarily females close to adulthood so they search for inflorescences by the smell they give off A common flower that M formosipes is attracted to is the Rudbeckia hirta Males tend to feed on the nectar of flowers specifically Daucus carota 6 Color changing ability edit nbsp Female M formosipes with yellow pigmentation to camouflage on a yellow flower nbsp Female Whitebanded Crab Spider Misumenoides formosipes on a white flower Female M formosipes are able to change their color between yellow and white to better match the flower they are occupying The change from white to yellow can take over 3 days 7 while the change from yellow to white takes longer The yellow coloring is due to ommochrome pigments being produced 8 The appearance of white is due to guanine and uric acid in the epidermis 9 Hunting and diet editFemale M formosipes hunt by waiting on inflorescences and capturing pollinators that visit the flower Male M formosipes are nectarivores and get a majority of their nutrients from consuming nectar from Daucus carota commonly known as Queen Anne s Lace Since the male M formosipes are significantly smaller than the females they are able to benefit from the low amounts of sucrose found in nectar 10 Reproduction and lifecycle editEgg laying edit The female crab spider will deposit their eggs into a silk sack roughly 10 14mm wide on nearby foliage There will be around 80 to 180 tan colored eggs wrapped in the silk The female will then guard the sack until she dies 5 Activity edit M formosipes diurnal so it is active during the day They have a very high temperature tolerance and are able to withstand temperatures up to 48 2 C 118 76 F and down to 2 2 C 35 96 F They prefer temperatures around 18 4 C 65 12 F 11 Sexual dimorphism edit The sexual dimorphism of the white banded crab spider has resulted in significantly smaller males from females Females can grow to be around 5 0 11 3 millimeters 0 20 0 44 inches and males can grow to be 2 5 3 2 mm 0 10 0 13 in Since the males are actively searching for females this smaller size is beneficial for both traveling and survival Males will travel by jumping from one plant part to another as well as traversing across a string of silk they throw into the wind that stick to an object Their smaller size also helps them stay hidden from predators 12 Pre copulatory mate guarding edit Male M formosipes spend a significant amount of time searching for unmated penultimate females Once a mate has been found the male will then live on the female s inflorescence and fight off any intruding males 4 Virgin female M formosipes will not resist mating attempts so the male that is closest once the female molts into maturity will have a mating advantage 12 When two males of equal size fight the resident spider will win a majority of the time over the intruder male Males that also have previous experience at winning fights will have a much greater advantage 13 nbsp Female amp Male White Banded Crab Spider on flower in Point Reyes National SeashoreReferences edit Rainer F Foelix 1996 Biology of Spiders Oxford University Press p 10 ISBN 978 0 19 509594 4 Misumenoides formosipes San Diego Natural History Museum Retrieved August 12 2010 Leo M Stellwag amp Gary N Dodson 2010 Navigation by male crab spiders Misumenoides formosipes Araneae Thomisidae floral cues may aid in locating potential mates Journal of Insect Behavior 23 3 226 335 doi 10 1007 s10905 010 9209 9 S2CID 37806997 a b Dodson Gary N Beck Michael W November 1993 Pre copulatory guarding of penultimate females by male crab spiders Misumenoides formosipes Animal Behaviour 46 5 951 959 doi 10 1006 anbe 1993 1276 ISSN 0003 3472 S2CID 54358641 a b c Misumenoides formosipes White banded Crab Spider Spider Identification amp Pictures spiderid com Retrieved 2021 04 03 Dodson G N Lang P L Jones R N Versprille A N April 2013 Specificity of attraction to floral chemistry in Misumenoides formosipes crab spiders The Journal of Arachnology 41 1 36 42 doi 10 1636 Hi11 94 1 ISSN 0161 8202 S2CID 55267299 ANDERSON ALISSA G DODSON GARY N 2014 12 14 Colour change ability and its effect on prey capture success in femaleMisumenoides formosipescrab spiders Ecological Entomology 40 2 106 113 doi 10 1111 een 12167 ISSN 0307 6946 S2CID 83745829 Gawryszewski Felipe M Birch Debra Kemp Darrell J Herberstein Marie E 2014 07 03 Dissecting the variation of a visual trait the proximate basis of UV Visible reflectance in crab spiders Thomisidae Functional Ecology 29 1 44 54 doi 10 1111 1365 2435 12300 ISSN 0269 8463 Insausti Teresita C Casas Jerome 2008 03 01 The functional morphology of color changing in a spider development of ommochrome pigment granules Journal of Experimental Biology 211 5 780 789 doi 10 1242 jeb 014043 ISSN 0022 0949 PMID 18281341 Pollard Simon D Beck Mike W Dodson Gary N June 1995 Why do male crab spiders drink nectar Animal Behaviour 49 6 1443 1448 doi 10 1016 0003 3472 95 90065 9 ISSN 0003 3472 S2CID 53171556 Schmalhofer Victoria R 1999 Thermal Tolerances and Preferences of the Crab Spiders Misumenops asperatus and Misumenoides formosipes Araneae Thomisidae The Journal of Arachnology 27 2 470 480 ISSN 0161 8202 JSTOR 3706045 a b Dodson Gary N Schwaab Aaron T 2001 Body Size Leg Autotomy and Prior Experience as Factors in the Fighting Success of Male Crab Spiders Misumenoides formosipes Journal of Insect Behavior 14 6 841 855 doi 10 1023 A 1013045602493 S2CID 28468370 Hoefler Chad D 2002 Is Contest Experience a Trump Card The Interaction of Residency Status Experience and Body Size on Fighting Success in Misumenoides formosipes Araneae Thomisidae Journal of Insect Behavior 15 6 779 790 doi 10 1023 a 1021123523307 ISSN 0892 7553 S2CID 11205262 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Misumenoides formosipes amp oldid 1195754052, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
