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MissingNo.

March 09, 2023

MissingNo. (Japanese: けつばん[1], Hepburn: Ketsuban), short for "Missing Number" and sometimes spelled without the period, is an unofficial Pokémon species found in the video games Pokémon Red and Blue. Due to the programming of certain in-game events, players can encounter MissingNo. via a glitch. It is noted as one of the most famous video game glitcheroos of all time.

MissingNo.
The player encountering MissingNo. in Pokémon Red
Date discoveredMay 1999 (first documented by Nintendo Power)
Affected hardwareGame Boy
Affected softwarePokémon Red and Blue
Website

Encountering MissingNo. causes graphical anomalies and changes gameplay by increasing the number of items in the sixth entry of the player's inventory by 128. This beneficial effect resulted in the glitch's coverage by strategy guides and game magazines, while game publisher Nintendo warned that encountering the glitch may corrupt players' game data. IGN noted MissingNo.'s appearance in Pokémon Red and Blue was one of the most famous video game glitches and commented on its role in increasing the series' popularity. Fans have attempted to rationalize and incorporate MissingNo. as part of the games' canon as an actual in-game character, and sociologists have studied its impact on both players and gaming culture as a whole.

History

Developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo, the Pokémon series began in Japan in 1996 with the release of the Pokémon Red and Blue video games for the Game Boy. In these games, the player assumes the role of a Pokémon Trainer whose goal is to capture and train creatures called Pokémon. Players use the creatures' special abilities to combat other Pokémon,[2][3] and certain abilities also grant new ways to navigate the game's world, such as instantaneous travel between two areas.[4] The ultimate goal of the games is to complete the entries in the Pokémon index (Pokédex), a comprehensive Pokémon encyclopedia, by capturing, evolving, and trading to obtain creatures from all 151 Pokémon species.[5]

MissingNo. is not one of the official Pokémon species that players are meant to encounter, but it is accessible to players of European and North American copies of the games by a glitch. Nintendo of America first documented the events that cause MissingNo. to appear in the May 1999 issue of Nintendo Power. The company warned that "any contact with it (even if you don't catch it) could easily erase your game file or disrupt your graphics".[6] Game developers did not remove several glitches from the 2016 re-releases[7] of Pokémon Red and Blue on the Nintendo 3DS Virtual Console, and players can encounter MissingNo. in these versions of the games.[8]

Characteristics

 
The player using a Pokémon to surf on the eastern shore of Cinnabar Island, a key component for activating the glitch

A player can encounter a MissingNo. in Pokémon Red and Blue by following a series of steps. First, the player watches an in-game tutorial for Pokémon capture in the game's Viridian City location. Second, the player uses a Pokémon with the "Fly" ability to instantly travel to the game's Cinnabar Island location. Finally, the player uses a Pokémon with the "Surf" ability to travel up and down the eastern shore of the island until a MissingNo. appears.[9]

These events manipulate the game's random encounter system to generate a Pokémon with an invalid identifier. Each area within the game assigns values to a data buffer to represent the Pokémon that can be encountered in that area. However, some areas—such as Cinnabar Island—do not overwrite the data in this buffer, so the data from the previous area is used instead. During the Viridian City in-game tutorial, the player character's name is temporarily overridden to read "OLD MAN", and the player character's actual name is temporarily copied to that same data buffer. If the player travels directly to Cinnabar Island after viewing this tutorial, the player character's name will be read as the Pokémon that can be randomly encountered in that area. Due to the player character's name not being intended to be read as this kind of data, the game can attempt to generate an encounter with a Pokémon with an invalid identifier, such as MissingNo.[10][11] Fans have dubbed this method of encountering MissingNo. the "old man glitch".[10][12]

As with any wild Pokémon, players may flee from, fight, or capture MissingNo.[11] After an encounter with MissingNo., the quantity of the sixth item in the player's inventory is increased by 128,[13] and the game's Hall of Fame Pokémon gallery becomes glitched.[12] Temporary graphical glitches may also occur,[12] which can be removed by viewing the statistics page for another non-glitched Pokémon or resetting the console.[14]

A captured MissingNo. is functional as a Pokémon and appears in the games' Pokédex as number 000.[10][11] The games classify it as a hybrid Bird/Normal-type Pokémon even though the category of Bird-type Pokémon was cut from the games before release.[10][15] It commonly appears with a scrambled block-like form commonly described as a "backward L-shape", but depending on the player character's name, it can also appear as one of three ghost or fossil sprites not used by other Pokémon.[14][16]

Reaction and reception

Calling MissingNo. a "programming quirk", Nintendo warned against encountering it, saying players could possibly have to restart the game from the beginning to remove the graphical glitches.[6][17][18] Despite Nintendo's warning, information on how to encounter MissingNo. was printed in several magazines and player's guides due to its perceived positive effect.[18][19][20] Certain players attempted to sell tips on capturing MissingNo. for up to $200.[21]

Despite it not being an intentional part of the game, in 2009, IGN included MissingNo. in its list of the top video game Easter eggs, citing its usefulness in replicating the game's rarer items[22] and in a later article, calling it an "unforgettable" glitch that helped push the original games to "gaming super stardom".[23] The book 100 Greatest Video Game Characters describes MissingNo. as an example of a player-produced character and counterplay, adding, "as a cultural artifact, MissingNo[.] celebrates the creativity of deviant and subversive forms of play".[11] Some fans have even created costumes based on MissingNo.[12]

Several sociological studies have been published examining MissingNo. alongside other famous video game glitches on how they impact the player's perception of the game.[24][25] A 2007 paper, co-authored by sociologist William Sims Bainbridge and his daughter Wilma Bainbridge, then a cognitive science student, refers to MissingNo. as "one of the most popular glitches ever in game history".[26] In a 2019 comment provided to Ars Technica, Wilma Bainbridge, then a post-doctoral fellow at the National Institute of Mental Health, expressed her belief that MissingNo. helped contribute to the widespread interest in glitch hunting and speedrunning in video games.[12] Alternatively in the book Pikachu's Global Adventure: The Rise and Fall of Pokémon, professor of education Julian Sefton-Green noticed that in his study of his son's reaction to MissingNo.'s usage as a cheat, the child's outlook towards the game was altered drastically, and added that the presence of such elements, as a result, broke the illusion of the game as an enclosed world and reminded him that "at heart, it is a computer program".[27]

The 2008 book Playing with Videogames discusses how players compare notes on MissingNo. and to assess and critique each other's findings. James Newman, the author, commented that unusually MissingNo. caused players to celebrate the game's imperfections.[28] In a 2017 article, University of Portsmouth professor Lincoln Geraghty examined fan theories that the glitch was a cut Pokémon related to the Pokémon Kangaskhan and Cubone, describing the theory as "an established work of fanon".[29] He further elaborated in a 2019 Ars Technica article that "fans' desire to incorporate MissingNo[.] into the Pokémon world stems partly from a hope that the glitch may have been deliberate", as well as to compensate for the glitch's lack of backstory within Pokémon canon.[12] In the same article, Newman argued that the existence of such fan theories "reveals a belief in the fundamental reality of Pokémon as entities that are given an opportunity to show themselves through the game, rather than being constructed out of code".[12]

The game Vampire Survivors added a playable character named "missingNo." which featured randomized stats and a glitched graphical appearance. Originally only unlockable by modifying the game's code, a method was later added requiring the player to enter a glitched location and kill at least 128 of the enemies that spawned there as another reference to the original glitch.[30]

References

  1. ^ 本日2月27日で『ポケットモンスター 赤・緑』は25周年！初代ポケモンは"ヤバい最強技"や"バグ技"だらけだった！？ [Today, February 27th, is the 25th anniversary of Pokémon Red and Blue! Was the first Pokémon generation filled with overpowered moves and exploits!?]. iNSIDE (in Japanese). February 27, 2021. from the original on February 27, 2021. バグを発生させると「けつばん」や「アネ゛デパミ゛」という意味不明なポケモンを呼び出すこともできました。 [If you were to make glitches occur, you could even cause nonsensical Pokémon like "Ketsuban" ('MissingNo') and "Anedepami" (''M') to appear.]
  2. ^ Game Freak (September 30, 1998). Pokémon Red and Blue, Instruction manual. Nintendo. pp. 6–7.
  3. ^ Game Freak (September 30, 1998). Pokémon Red and Blue, Instruction manual. Nintendo. p. 11.
  4. ^ Game Freak (September 30, 1998). Pokémon Red. Nintendo. HM02 is FLY. It will take you back to any town.
  5. ^ Game Freak (September 30, 1998). Pokémon Red and Blue, Instruction manual. Nintendo. p. 7.
  6. ^ a b Staff (May 1999). "Pokechat". Nintendo Power. Vol. 120. p. 101.
  7. ^ Eddie, Makuch (February 26, 2016). "Original Pokemon Virtual Console Re-Releases Support Pokemon Bank". GameSpot. from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved May 2, 2020.
  8. ^ Valentine, Rebekah (March 23, 2016). "7 Classic Pokemon Glitches That Made It To Virtual Console". App Trigger. from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved May 2, 2020.
  9. ^ DeVries, Jack (November 24, 2008). . IGN. IGN Entertainment. Archived from the original on December 11, 2010. Retrieved June 7, 2009.
  10. ^ a b c d Hernandez, Patricia (November 4, 2014). "Pokémon's Famous Missingno Glitch, Explained". Kotaku Australia. from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved May 2, 2020.
  11. ^ a b c d Banks, Jaime; Mejia, Robert; Adams, Aubrie (June 23, 2017). 100 Greatest Video Game Characters. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 132. ISBN 978-1442278134. from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved May 2, 2020.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g Preskey, Natasha (February 18, 2019). "The Mythos and Meaning Behind Pokémon's Most Famous Glitch". Ars Technica. from the original on October 20, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2020.
  13. ^ Prell, Sam (May 18, 2018). "Remember Missingno from Pokemon Red / Blue? Someone may have figured out what it actually is". gamesradar. from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved May 2, 2020.
  14. ^ a b Schlesinger, Hank (2001). Pokémon Future: The Unauthorized Guide. St. Martin's Paperbacks. pp. 184–188. ISBN 978-0-312-97758-0.
  15. ^ Sammut, Mark (January 4, 2019). "Pokémon Red And Blue: 25 Hidden Things Casual Fans Still Haven't Found". TheGamer. from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved May 2, 2020.
  16. ^ Hargett, Tyler (January 11, 2019). "Pokémon: 20 Side Quests Fans Completely Missed In Red And Blue". ScreenRant. from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved May 2, 2020.
  17. ^ Nintendo. . Archived from the original on January 27, 2008. Retrieved June 7, 2009.
  18. ^ a b Loe, Casey (1999). Pokémon Perfect Guide Includes Red-Yellow-Blue. Versus Books. p. 125. ISBN 978-1-930206-15-1.
  19. ^ Staff (Summer–Fall 1999). "Top 50 Games". Pocket Games (1): 96.
  20. ^ . IGN. IGN Entertainment. Archived from the original on December 5, 2007. Retrieved June 8, 2009.
  21. ^ Sweetman, Kim (December 28, 1999). "The latest Pokemon trend: if you can't beat 'em, cheat". The Daily Telegraph. p. 11.
  22. ^ Staff (April 9, 2009). . IGN. IGN Entertainment. p. 2. Archived from the original on June 5, 2010. Retrieved June 7, 2009.
  23. ^ Drake, Audrey (January 10, 2011). . IGN. IGN Entertainment. Archived from the original on January 12, 2011. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
  24. ^ Janik, Justyna (2017). "Glitched perception: beyond the transparency and visibility of the video game object" (PDF). Transmissions: The Journal of Film and Media Studies. 2 (2): 65–82. (PDF) from the original on March 3, 2022. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
  25. ^ Barker, Timothy; Korolkova, Maria (2021). Miscommunications: errors, mistakes, media. New York: Bloomsbury Academic & Professional. p. 307,310,311. ISBN 978-1501363856.
  26. ^ Bainbridge, William Sims; Wilma Alice Bainbridge (July 2007). "Creative Uses of Software Errors: Glitches and Cheats" (PDF). Social Science Computer Review. 25: 61–77. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.715.4009. doi:10.1177/0894439306289510. S2CID 61969194. (PDF) from the original on October 1, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  27. ^ Sefton-Green, Julian (2004). "Initiation Rites: A Small Boy in a Poké-World". In Tobin, Joseph Jay (ed.). Pikachu's Global Adventure: The Rise and Fall of Pokémon. Duke University Press. pp. 147, 160. ISBN 978-0-8223-3287-9.
  28. ^ Newman, James (2008). Playing with Videogames. Taylor & Francis. pp. 117–119. ISBN 978-0-415-38523-7.
  29. ^ Geraghty, Lincoln (March 2017). "Can Pikachu Die? Online Fan Conspiracy Theories and the Pokémon Gaming Universe". Journal of Fandom Studies. 5 (1): 3–20. doi:10.1386/jfs.5.1.3_1. from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  30. ^ James, Sarah (September 16, 2022). "How to unlock MissingNo in Vampire Survivors". PC Gamer. Retrieved September 18, 2022.

Further reading

  • Geraghty, Lincoln (March 1, 2017). "Can Pikachu die? Online fan conspiracy theories and the Pokémon gaming universe". The Journal of Fandom Studies. 5 (1): 3–20. doi:10.1386/jfs.5.1.3_1.
  • Van de Mosselaer, Nele; Wildman, Nathan (2021). "Glitches as (Fictional) Miscommunication". In Korolkova, Maria; Barker, Timothy (eds.). Miscommunications: Errors, mistakes, media. New York: Bloomsbury. pp. 300–315. ISBN 9781501363832.

External links


March 09, 2023
missingno, japanese, けつばん, hepburn, ketsuban, short, missing, number, sometimes, spelled, without, period, unofficial, pokémon, species, found, video, games, pokémon, blue, programming, certain, game, events, players, encounter, glitch, noted, most, famous, vi. MissingNo Japanese けつばん 1 Hepburn Ketsuban short for Missing Number and sometimes spelled without the period is an unofficial Pokemon species found in the video games Pokemon Red and Blue Due to the programming of certain in game events players can encounter MissingNo via a glitch It is noted as one of the most famous video game glitcheroos of all time MissingNo The player encountering MissingNo in Pokemon RedDate discoveredMay 1999 first documented by Nintendo Power Affected hardwareGame BoyAffected softwarePokemon Red and BlueWebsiteMissingNo on Nintendo comEncountering MissingNo causes graphical anomalies and changes gameplay by increasing the number of items in the sixth entry of the player s inventory by 128 This beneficial effect resulted in the glitch s coverage by strategy guides and game magazines while game publisher Nintendo warned that encountering the glitch may corrupt players game data IGN noted MissingNo s appearance in Pokemon Red and Blue was one of the most famous video game glitches and commented on its role in increasing the series popularity Fans have attempted to rationalize and incorporate MissingNo as part of the games canon as an actual in game character and sociologists have studied its impact on both players and gaming culture as a whole Contents 1 History 2 Characteristics 3 Reaction and reception 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksHistory EditDeveloped by Game Freak and published by Nintendo the Pokemon series began in Japan in 1996 with the release of the Pokemon Red and Blue video games for the Game Boy In these games the player assumes the role of a Pokemon Trainer whose goal is to capture and train creatures called Pokemon Players use the creatures special abilities to combat other Pokemon 2 3 and certain abilities also grant new ways to navigate the game s world such as instantaneous travel between two areas 4 The ultimate goal of the games is to complete the entries in the Pokemon index Pokedex a comprehensive Pokemon encyclopedia by capturing evolving and trading to obtain creatures from all 151 Pokemon species 5 MissingNo is not one of the official Pokemon species that players are meant to encounter but it is accessible to players of European and North American copies of the games by a glitch Nintendo of America first documented the events that cause MissingNo to appear in the May 1999 issue of Nintendo Power The company warned that any contact with it even if you don t catch it could easily erase your game file or disrupt your graphics 6 Game developers did not remove several glitches from the 2016 re releases 7 of Pokemon Red and Blue on the Nintendo 3DS Virtual Console and players can encounter MissingNo in these versions of the games 8 Characteristics Edit The player using a Pokemon to surf on the eastern shore of Cinnabar Island a key component for activating the glitch A player can encounter a MissingNo in Pokemon Red and Blue by following a series of steps First the player watches an in game tutorial for Pokemon capture in the game s Viridian City location Second the player uses a Pokemon with the Fly ability to instantly travel to the game s Cinnabar Island location Finally the player uses a Pokemon with the Surf ability to travel up and down the eastern shore of the island until a MissingNo appears 9 These events manipulate the game s random encounter system to generate a Pokemon with an invalid identifier Each area within the game assigns values to a data buffer to represent the Pokemon that can be encountered in that area However some areas such as Cinnabar Island do not overwrite the data in this buffer so the data from the previous area is used instead During the Viridian City in game tutorial the player character s name is temporarily overridden to read OLD MAN and the player character s actual name is temporarily copied to that same data buffer If the player travels directly to Cinnabar Island after viewing this tutorial the player character s name will be read as the Pokemon that can be randomly encountered in that area Due to the player character s name not being intended to be read as this kind of data the game can attempt to generate an encounter with a Pokemon with an invalid identifier such as MissingNo 10 11 Fans have dubbed this method of encountering MissingNo the old man glitch 10 12 As with any wild Pokemon players may flee from fight or capture MissingNo 11 After an encounter with MissingNo the quantity of the sixth item in the player s inventory is increased by 128 13 and the game s Hall of Fame Pokemon gallery becomes glitched 12 Temporary graphical glitches may also occur 12 which can be removed by viewing the statistics page for another non glitched Pokemon or resetting the console 14 A captured MissingNo is functional as a Pokemon and appears in the games Pokedex as number 000 10 11 The games classify it as a hybrid Bird Normal type Pokemon even though the category of Bird type Pokemon was cut from the games before release 10 15 It commonly appears with a scrambled block like form commonly described as a backward L shape but depending on the player character s name it can also appear as one of three ghost or fossil sprites not used by other Pokemon 14 16 Reaction and reception EditCalling MissingNo a programming quirk Nintendo warned against encountering it saying players could possibly have to restart the game from the beginning to remove the graphical glitches 6 17 18 Despite Nintendo s warning information on how to encounter MissingNo was printed in several magazines and player s guides due to its perceived positive effect 18 19 20 Certain players attempted to sell tips on capturing MissingNo for up to 200 21 Despite it not being an intentional part of the game in 2009 IGN included MissingNo in its list of the top video game Easter eggs citing its usefulness in replicating the game s rarer items 22 and in a later article calling it an unforgettable glitch that helped push the original games to gaming super stardom 23 The book 100 Greatest Video Game Characters describes MissingNo as an example of a player produced character and counterplay adding as a cultural artifact MissingNo celebrates the creativity of deviant and subversive forms of play 11 Some fans have even created costumes based on MissingNo 12 Several sociological studies have been published examining MissingNo alongside other famous video game glitches on how they impact the player s perception of the game 24 25 A 2007 paper co authored by sociologist William Sims Bainbridge and his daughter Wilma Bainbridge then a cognitive science student refers to MissingNo as one of the most popular glitches ever in game history 26 In a 2019 comment provided to Ars Technica Wilma Bainbridge then a post doctoral fellow at the National Institute of Mental Health expressed her belief that MissingNo helped contribute to the widespread interest in glitch hunting and speedrunning in video games 12 Alternatively in the book Pikachu s Global Adventure The Rise and Fall of Pokemon professor of education Julian Sefton Green noticed that in his study of his son s reaction to MissingNo s usage as a cheat the child s outlook towards the game was altered drastically and added that the presence of such elements as a result broke the illusion of the game as an enclosed world and reminded him that at heart it is a computer program 27 The 2008 book Playing with Videogames discusses how players compare notes on MissingNo and to assess and critique each other s findings James Newman the author commented that unusually MissingNo caused players to celebrate the game s imperfections 28 In a 2017 article University of Portsmouth professor Lincoln Geraghty examined fan theories that the glitch was a cut Pokemon related to the Pokemon Kangaskhan and Cubone describing the theory as an established work of fanon 29 He further elaborated in a 2019 Ars Technica article that fans desire to incorporate MissingNo into the Pokemon world stems partly from a hope that the glitch may have been deliberate as well as to compensate for the glitch s lack of backstory within Pokemon canon 12 In the same article Newman argued that the existence of such fan theories reveals a belief in the fundamental reality of Pokemon as entities that are given an opportunity to show themselves through the game rather than being constructed out of code 12 The game Vampire Survivors added a playable character named missingNo which featured randomized stats and a glitched graphical appearance Originally only unlockable by modifying the game s code a method was later added requiring the player to enter a glitched location and kill at least 128 of the enemies that spawned there as another reference to the original glitch 30 References Edit 本日2月27日で ポケットモンスター 赤 緑 は25周年 初代ポケモンは ヤバい最強技 や バグ技 だらけだった Today February 27th is the 25th anniversary of Pokemon Red and Blue Was the first Pokemon generation filled with overpowered moves and exploits iNSIDE in Japanese February 27 2021 Archived from the original on February 27 2021 バグを発生させると けつばん や アネ デパミ という意味不明なポケモンを呼び出すこともできました If you were to make glitches occur you could even cause nonsensical Pokemon like Ketsuban MissingNo and Anedepami M to appear Game Freak September 30 1998 Pokemon RedandBlue Instruction manual Nintendo pp 6 7 Game Freak September 30 1998 Pokemon RedandBlue Instruction manual Nintendo p 11 Game Freak September 30 1998 Pokemon Red Nintendo HM02 is FLY It will take you back to any town Game Freak September 30 1998 Pokemon Red and Blue Instruction manual Nintendo p 7 a b Staff May 1999 Pokechat Nintendo Power Vol 120 p 101 Eddie Makuch February 26 2016 Original Pokemon Virtual Console Re Releases Support Pokemon Bank GameSpot Archived from the original on February 17 2021 Retrieved May 2 2020 Valentine Rebekah March 23 2016 7 Classic Pokemon Glitches That Made It To Virtual Console App Trigger Archived from the original on July 26 2020 Retrieved May 2 2020 DeVries Jack November 24 2008 Pokemon Report OMG Hacks IGN IGN Entertainment Archived from the original on December 11 2010 Retrieved June 7 2009 a b c d Hernandez Patricia November 4 2014 Pokemon s Famous Missingno Glitch Explained Kotaku Australia Archived from the original on October 31 2020 Retrieved May 2 2020 a b c d Banks Jaime Mejia Robert Adams Aubrie June 23 2017 100 Greatest Video Game Characters Rowman amp Littlefield p 132 ISBN 978 1442278134 Archived from the original on February 17 2021 Retrieved May 2 2020 a b c d e f g Preskey Natasha February 18 2019 The Mythos and Meaning Behind Pokemon s Most Famous Glitch Ars Technica Archived from the original on October 20 2021 Retrieved February 15 2020 Prell Sam May 18 2018 Remember Missingno from Pokemon Red Blue Someone may have figured out what it actually is gamesradar Archived from the original on November 1 2020 Retrieved May 2 2020 a b Schlesinger Hank 2001 Pokemon Future The Unauthorized Guide St Martin s Paperbacks pp 184 188 ISBN 978 0 312 97758 0 Sammut Mark January 4 2019 Pokemon Red And Blue 25 Hidden Things Casual Fans Still Haven t Found TheGamer Archived from the original on October 31 2020 Retrieved May 2 2020 Hargett Tyler January 11 2019 Pokemon 20 Side Quests Fans Completely Missed In Red And Blue ScreenRant Archived from the original on February 17 2021 Retrieved May 2 2020 Nintendo Customer Service Specific GamePak Troubleshooting Archived from the original on January 27 2008 Retrieved June 7 2009 a b Loe Casey 1999 Pokemon Perfect Guide Includes Red Yellow Blue Versus Books p 125 ISBN 978 1 930206 15 1 Staff Summer Fall 1999 Top 50 Games Pocket Games 1 96 Guides Pokemon Blue and Red IGN IGN Entertainment Archived from the original on December 5 2007 Retrieved June 8 2009 Sweetman Kim December 28 1999 The latest Pokemon trend if you can t beat em cheat The Daily Telegraph p 11 Staff April 9 2009 Gaming s Top 10 Easter Eggs IGN IGN Entertainment p 2 Archived from the original on June 5 2010 Retrieved June 7 2009 Drake Audrey January 10 2011 The Evolution of Pokemon IGN IGN Entertainment Archived from the original on January 12 2011 Retrieved January 12 2011 Janik Justyna 2017 Glitched perception beyond the transparency and visibility of the video game object PDF Transmissions The Journal of Film and Media Studies 2 2 65 82 Archived PDF from the original on March 3 2022 Retrieved March 2 2022 Barker Timothy Korolkova Maria 2021 Miscommunications errors mistakes media New York Bloomsbury Academic amp Professional p 307 310 311 ISBN 978 1501363856 Bainbridge William Sims Wilma Alice Bainbridge July 2007 Creative Uses of Software Errors Glitches and Cheats PDF Social Science Computer Review 25 61 77 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 715 4009 doi 10 1177 0894439306289510 S2CID 61969194 Archived PDF from the original on October 1 2020 Retrieved June 11 2020 Sefton Green Julian 2004 Initiation Rites A Small Boy in a Poke World In Tobin Joseph Jay ed Pikachu s Global Adventure The Rise and Fall of Pokemon Duke University Press pp 147 160 ISBN 978 0 8223 3287 9 Newman James 2008 Playing with Videogames Taylor amp Francis pp 117 119 ISBN 978 0 415 38523 7 Geraghty Lincoln March 2017 Can Pikachu Die Online Fan Conspiracy Theories and the Pokemon Gaming Universe Journal of Fandom Studies 5 1 3 20 doi 10 1386 jfs 5 1 3 1 Archived from the original on February 17 2021 Retrieved June 4 2020 James Sarah September 16 2022 How to unlock MissingNo in Vampire Survivors PC Gamer Retrieved September 18 2022 Further reading EditGeraghty Lincoln March 1 2017 Can Pikachu die Online fan conspiracy theories and the Pokemon gaming universe The Journal of Fandom Studies 5 1 3 20 doi 10 1386 jfs 5 1 3 1 Van de Mosselaer Nele Wildman Nathan 2021 Glitches as Fictional Miscommunication In Korolkova Maria Barker Timothy eds Miscommunications Errors mistakes media New York Bloomsbury pp 300 315 ISBN 9781501363832 External links Edit Video games portalMissingNo at Nintendo com Media related to MissingNo at Wikimedia Commons MissingNo at Bulbapedia a Pokemon wiki Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title MissingNo amp oldid 1143610251, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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