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Maurice A. Robinson

August 23, 2023

Maurice Arthur Robinson (born October 13, 1947) is an American professor of New Testament and Greek (retired) and a proponent of the Byzantine-priority method of New Testament textual criticism.

Maurice Arthur Robinson
Born (1947-10-13) October 13, 1947 (age 75)
Quincy, Massachusetts
NationalityAmerican
Occupation(s)Biblical scholar, professor, textual critic
Known forByzantine-priority method of New Testament textual criticism
TitleResearch professor of New Testament and Greek (retired)
SpouseRenee Guscott
ChildrenJean-Paul Pierre
Academic background
EducationB.S. (1969), M.Div. (1973), Th.M. (1975), Ph.D. (1982)
Alma materSouthwestern Baptist Theological Seminary
Thesis"Scribal Habits among Manuscripts of the Apocalypse" (1982)
Doctoral advisorJames A. Brooks
Academic work
DisciplineNew Testament and Greek
Sub-disciplineTextual criticism
InstitutionsSoutheastern Baptist Theological Seminary
Notable worksThe New Testament in the Original Greek: Byzantine Textform 2005

Background and education

Robinson was born in Quincy, Massachusetts, to Arthur and Olga Robinson, but grew up in Bradenton, Florida. He earned his B.A. (1969) in English and secondary education from the University of South Florida, M.Div. (1973) and Th.M. (1975) from Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary, and Ph.D. (1982) from Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary (dissertation: "Scribal Habits among Manuscripts of the Apocalypse"). Robinson married Renee Guscott in 1970.

Career

Robinson served as assistant professor of biblical studies and languages at St. Petersburg Baptist College (1982–1984), associate professor of biblical studies and languages at Luther Rice Seminary (1985–1991), and then joined the faculty of Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary in 1991, where he served as associate professor (1991–1996), professor (1996–2002), senior professor (2002–2014), and research professor (2014–2016) of New Testament and Greek. Robinson also served as pastor of two churches during the years 1985–1991 and 1993–1997.

Robinson is best known as a proponent of the Byzantine-priority method of New Testament textual criticism. This method maintains that when differences appear among the manuscripts of the Greek New Testament, the best representation of the original text is usually found in the agreement of most manuscripts, that is, a "consensus text" which "reflects a unified dominance that permeates the vast majority of manuscripts."[1]

Robinson is a member of the Evangelical Theological Society (1984–present) and has presented over 20 papers at its regional and national meetings (see below for a selected bibliography).

In 2014 on the occasion of Robinson being announced research professor of New Testament and Greek a Festschrift was published in his honor: Digging for the Truth: Collected Essays regarding the Byzantine Text of the Greek New Testament (Norden: FocusYourMission). Contributors included Timothy Friberg, Andrew Wilson, Paul Himes, Edward Gravely, Timothy Finney, James Borland, Mike Arcieri, et al.

Interesting facts

  • In 1985–1986 Robinson created one of the first publicly-available digital editions of the Textus Receptus (TR) by manually typing out the entire Greek text of Robert Estienne’s 1550 edition over a 9-month period in his "spare time from teaching duties."[2] It was this text, once thoroughly proofread and corrected, that Robinson in the late 1980s used to create the first free digital editions of Scrivener's TR, the Elzevir TR, Westcott-Hort's text (with notations of all variations from the text of Nestle-Aland [26th ed.]), and "the earliest continuous electronic rendering of the RP Byzantine Textform."[2]
  • During the years 1995–1998 Robinson's own spoken word format of the entire Greek New Testament in modified (American) Erasmian pronunciation was recorded and is available both in various Bible software platforms and online as a free download.

From reasoned eclectic to Byzantine priorist

Robinson's move away from reasoned eclecticism, to which he still held in writing as late as 1975,[3] is traced directly to the influence of noted New Testament textual critic Kenneth W. Clark, who guided Robinson in a mentored program of study from 1971 to 1977 and was guest-supervisor for his Th.M. thesis.[4] Clark's influence on Robinson focused on a skepticism[5] of the necessarily "subjective and tendentious" nature of reasoned eclecticism, the need for a "critical history of transmission,"[6] and the proposition that reasoned eclectic procedure should accept "a stronger role for the Byzantine Textform coupled with a strong transmissional historical view."[7] At least the first two of these come out clearly in Robinson's Th.M. thesis, where he opined, "Eclecticism reigns, and it has left textual criticism in a state of fluidity. ... [O]ur objectivity has been surrendered to the whims of individual critics. ... Our feet have become mired and mudbound in the trenches of subjectivity."[8] He advocated that critics must determine the "history of the transmission of the New Testament text viewed in its total chronological perspective," and that the "primary value of texttypes is their utilization in reconstructing the history of textual transmission."[9] In contrast to his current Byzantine-priority stance, Robinson stated at the time that "it is more likely that the original text itself was what we today would term 'mixed,'" that "[a]ll known texttypes proceeded from this original 'mixed' [form], coming into existence as types primarily from local-text situations," and even that "the uncontrolled, popular text of the second century ... corrupted the original [Textform] with its own scraps of oral tradition and theologically motivated alterations."[10] Even then Robinson expressed that "the Alexandrian text [could] have arisen as the first attempt to produce an alternative controlled text against the multiplicity of wild texts which characterized the Western groups,"[11] a view to which he still holds more than 40 years later.[12] Robinson's obsession with constantly evaluating "all pertinent transmissional and transcriptional factors ... in relation to the various aspects of external and internal criteria" before making any final decisions regarding the text to be established may be summarized in how he describes his method: "reasoned transmissionalism."[13]

As mentioned above, the genesis of Robinson's career dedication to "reasoned transmissionalism" essentially goes back to Clark and is best expressed in Robinson's own words:

Clark’s views, written and oral, laid the basis for my shift away from reasoned eclecticism to a transmission-based hypothesis; this ultimately led to my Byzantine-priority position. Clark’s hints and allegations in his published material were enhanced by his private tutelage, where he lamented over much of his previous career, having focused on reasonable internal and external principles that nevertheless led to faulty conclusions. As he expressed to me in the mid-1970s, had he been 30 years younger, he would chart a new course, predicated on transmissional probabilities, including the strong view that the autograph text of any New Testament book would more likely be preserved within a single existing texttype rather than amid an eclectic conglomeration drawn from multiple sources. Clark suggested that the question of which texttype should be dually established from (1) the likelihood of its archetypal reconstructability, and (2) the quantitative and qualitative evidence relating to the transmission and perpetuation of that archetype. Clark’s final conclusion shocked my reasoned eclectic viewpoint: he suggested that the Byzantine Textform — to the extent that such could be established in its archetypal form — was the most likely candidate for autograph originality against all rival claimants, whether favored Greek manuscripts, other texttypes or subjective internal factors. As Clark told me then, "I am now too old to explore and delineate this position; but you are young, and should pursue it." That has been my endeavor since approximately 1975.[14]

Magnum opus

Robinson's single largest project is the text of the Pericope adulterae (PA; also Pericope de adultera), or the passage of the adulteress (John 7:53-8:11). Having examined more than 1750 continuous-text manuscripts related to the passage or its perimeter, he completely collated the nearly 1500 manuscripts and 500 lectionaries which contain the passage. This was done at the Institut für Neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster, Germany, primarily during a 1997–1998 sabbatical leave, with briefer visits in the years 1999, 2000, and 2005. The computerized data entry of 15 years' worth of primary collation material was completed in 2012, as was the volume, "The Greek Manuscript Witnesses to the Pericope Adulterae: A Comprehensive Collation of All Accessible and Readable Continuous-text and Lectionary Manuscripts according to the Various Locations in which the Passage is Present."[15] Another volume appeared in 2014, "A Comprehensive Bibliography of Material relating to the Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11): Various Entries Annotated, generally by Direct Quotation from the Source Cited."[16] Both volumes, including Robinson's original collation documents and handwritten notes, may be accessed at the SEBTS library and are preparatory for the final work, still in progress: The Text of the Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11), 3 vols. Vol. 1: Text and Apparatus; Vol. 2: The Textual Interrelationships among the Manuscripts which contain the Pericope Adulterae; Vol. 3: The Archetype of the Pericope Adulterae and its Relationship to the Gospel of John. Until these volumes appear, two articles by Robinson remain of primary interest in relation to his magnum opus: "Preliminary Observations Regarding the Pericope Adulterae based upon Fresh Collations of nearly all Continuous-Text Manuscripts and all Lectionary Manuscripts containing the Passage";[17] and, "The Pericope Adulterae: A Johannine Tapestry with Double Interlock."[18]

Publications

Robinson (with William Pierpont) is most recognized for editing a Greek New Testament based on Byzantine-priority principles which previously had been explored, formulated, and expressed in various papers and publications.[19] The Greek text, although prepared by Robinson in digital form several years earlier, appeared in 1991 in an initial softback edition without accents or breathing marks and was titled, The New Testament in the Original Greek according to the Byzantine/Majority Textform (Atlanta: The Original Word). Fourteen years later a more elegant edition appeared, The New Testament in the Original Greek: Byzantine Textform 2005 (Southborough, MA: Chilton Book Publishing), a fully accented edition with an apparatus showing every variation of the text from that of the standard Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece (27th ed.), marginal readings indicating major splits in the Greek manuscript tradition, and a 53-page appendix explaining "The Case for Byzantine Priority." This was followed in 2010 by a corrected Reader's Edition, produced in cooperation with Jeffrey Dodson (who was responsible for the formatting).[20]

Some titles of Robinson's other publications include:

  • "Σπερμολογος: Did Paul Preach from Jesus' Parables?"[21]
  • Ruth and Jonah: Parsing Guide for the Hebrew Text.[22]
  • Indexes to All Editions of Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon and Thayer's Greek Lexicon.[23]
  • "The Significance of the Word אות for Biblical Studies."[24]
  • "Hype and Nonsense: Right and Wrong Ways to Evaluate the Playing Strength of Commercially-Available Chess Computers."[25]
  • "Two Passages in Mark: A Critical Test for the Byzantine-Priority Hypothesis."[26]
  • "The Recensional Nature of the Alexandrian Text-Type: A Response to Selected Criticisms of the Byzantine-Priority Theory."[27]
  • "Investigating Text-Critical Dichotomy: A Critique of Modern Eclectic Praxis from a Byzantine-Priority Perspective."[28]
  • "New Testament Textual Criticism: The Case for Byzantine Priority."[29]
  • "Crossing Boundaries in New Testament Textual Criticism: Historical Revisionism and the Case of Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener."[30]
  • "The Case for Byzantine Priority."[31]
  • "Preliminary Observations Regarding the Pericope Adulterae based upon Fresh Collations of nearly all Continuous-Text Manuscripts and all Lectionary Manuscripts containing the Passage."[32]
  • "William Grover Pierpont: 26 January 1915 – 20 February 2003."[33]
  • "In Search of the Alexandrian Archetype: Observations from a Byzantine-Priority Perspective."[34]
  • "The Case for Byzantine Priority."[35]
  • "Amid Perfect Contempt, a Place for the Genuine: The Long Ending of Mark as Canonical Verity."[36]
  • "Rule 9, Isolated Variants, and the 'Test-Tube' Nature of the NA27/UBS4 Text: A Byzantine-Priority Perspective."[37]
  • "The Rich Man and Lazarus – Luke 16:19–31. Text-Critical Notes."[38]
  • Analytical Lexicon of New Testament Greek: Revised and Updated.[39]
  • "The Pericope Adulterae: A Johannine Tapestry with Double Interlock."[40]
  • "'It’s All About Variants' — unless 'No Longer Written.'"[41]
  • "Incomplete Truth and Its Consequences: A Clarification of the Manuscript Evidence regarding 2 Corinthians 1:6–7."[42]

Papers

At various professional venues, but especially those of the Evangelical Theological Society (ETS), Robinson has presented many papers, the titles of some of which are:

  • "The Credibility of the Majority Text Theory and its Value for Apologetics."[43]
  • "Majority Text Affirmations and Peter's Denials: On Keeping Critical Issues Distinct."[44]
  • "The Case for the Byzantine Textform: A New Approach to 'Majority Text' Theory."[45]
  • "The Ending of Mark in Codex Vaticanus: A Feasible Solution."[46]
  • "The Recensional Nature of the Alexandrian Text-Type: A Response to Selected Criticisms of the Byzantine-Priority Theory."[47]
  • "The Conundrum of Acts 12:25."[48]
  • "The Bondage of the Word: Copyright and the Bible."[49]
  • "Incipit/Explicit: Lectionary Influence on the Continuous-Text Manuscripts belonging to the Byzantine Textform."[50]
  • "Incomplete Truth and its Consequences: A Clarification of the Manuscript Evidence regarding 2 Corinthians 1:6-7."[51]
  • "The Integrity of the Early New Testament Text: A Collation-based Comparison utilizing the Papyri of the Second and Third Centuries."[52]
  • "The Byzantine Portions of Codex Washingtonianus: A Centenary Retrospective."[53]
  • "Misquoting Jesus: Bart Ehrman's approach to the New Testament Text."[54]
  • "The Woman Taken in Adultery in the Temple (John 7:53–8:11)."[55]
  • "Eclectic Observations regarding the Current Critical Text."[56]
  • "Impossible Readings and the Original Text: The Case of Acts 4:25."[57]
  • "The Establishment of an Underlying Base Text with Variant Footnotes as a Necessary Preliminary to Translation and Exegesis."[58]
  • "The Byzantine 'Priest' Variant at Acts 5:24."[59]
  • "De facto Conjecture in the Main Text of NA27: A Further Consideration."[60]
  • "Casual Thoughts regarding some Critical Text Readings: A Byzantine-Priority Perspective."[61]
  • "Fifty Years behind the Text: Post-Retirement Reflections on a Career in NT Textual Criticism."[62]

References

  1. ^ The New Testament in the Original Greek: Byzantine Textform 2005 (ed. Maurice A. Robinson and William G. Pierpont; Southborough, MA: Chilton Book Publishing, 2005) i.
  2. ^ a b Maurice A. Robinson, "Fifty Years behind the Text: Post-Retirement Reflections on a Career in NT Textual Criticism" (paper presented at the 68th annual meeting of the Evangelical Theological Society, San Antonio, Tex., 15 November 2016), 6.
  3. ^ Maurice A. Robinson, "Textual Interrelationships among Selected Ancient Witnesses to the Book of Acts" (Th.M. thesis, Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1975), conducted his investigation within the framework of reasoned eclecticism.
  4. ^ Pertinent here are Maurice A. Robinson, "Eclectic Observations regarding the Current Critical Text" (paper presented at the 60th annual meeting of the ETS, Providence, R.I., 19 November 2008), esp. 1-5; ibid., "Fifty Years behind the Text: Post-Retirement Reflections on a Career in NT Textual Criticism" (paper presented at the 68th annual meeting of the ETS, San Antonio, Tex., 15 November 2016).
  5. ^ The same skepticism is also apparent in Eldon J. Epp, with whom Robinson shared a meeting and lunch in Cleveland at the urging of Clark and whose following articles he found "strongly influential" (Robinson, "Fifty Years," 5): Eldon J. Epp, “The Twentieth Century Interlude in New Testament Textual Criticism,” Journal of Biblical Literature 93 (1974) 386–414; “The Eclectic Method in New Testament Textual Criticism: Solution or Symptom?” Harvard Theological Review 69 (1976) 211–57; “New Testament Textual Criticism in America: Requiem for a Discipline,” Journal of Biblical Literature 98 (1979) 94–98; and, “A Continuing Interlude in New Testament Textual Criticism?” Harvard Theological Review 73 (1980) 131–51.
  6. ^ Kenneth W. Clark, "Today's Problems with the Critical Text of the New Testament," in Transitions in Biblical Scholarship (ed. J. Coert Rylaarsdam; Essays in Divinity 6; Chicago: University Press, 1968), 166.
  7. ^ Robinson, "Fifty Years," 3.
  8. ^ Robinson, "Interrelationships," 14.
  9. ^ Robinson, "Interrelationships," 10, 12.
  10. ^ Robinson, "Interrelationships," 124, 131.
  11. ^ Robinson, "Interrelationships," 131.
  12. ^ Robinson, "Fifty Years," 5.
  13. ^ Maurice A. Robinson and William G. Pierpont, eds., The New Testament in the Original Greek: Byzantine Textform 2005 (Southborough, Mass.: Chilton Book Publishing, 2005), xiv.
  14. ^ Robinson, "Eclectic Observations," 4-5.
  15. ^ Unpublished bound volume. Wake Forest, N.C.: Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary Library, 2012.
  16. ^ Unpublished bound volume. Wake Forest, N.C.: Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary Library, 2014.
  17. ^ Filología Neotestamentaria 13 (2000) 35-59.
  18. ^ Pages 115-45 in The Pericope of the Adulteress in Contemporary Research. Edited by David Alan Black and Jacob N. Cerone. Library of New Testament Studies 551. London: Bloomsbury T. & T. Clark, 2016.
  19. ^ In addition to the first three unpublished papers listed below, others include: Maurice A. Robinson, "Hort Redivivus? A Critique of Gordon Fee in the Light of the Majority Text Theory" (unpublished paper distributed by the Majority Text Society, Dallas, Tex., 1979); ibid., "Scribal Habits among Manuscripts of the Apocalypse" (Ph.D. diss., Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1982); ibid., "Burgon Revisited: Another Scrutiny of Vaticanus' Blank Space at the End of Mark" (unpublished paper distributed by the Majority Text Society, Dallas, Tex., n.d.); ibid., "How Many Manuscripts are Necessary to Establish the Majority Text?" (unpublished paper distributed by the Majority Text Society, Dallas, Tex., 1990); William G. Pierpont, "The Majority Text Notes and How to Use Them," in The Interlinear Bible: Hebrew-Greek-English (ed. Jay P. Green; 4 vols.; Baker Book House, 1979) 4:605-620; ibid., "What is the 'Majority Text' of the Greek New Testament?" (unpublished paper distributed by the Majority Text Society, Dallas, Tex., n.d.); ibid., "Burgon's Seven Notes of Truth" (unpublished paper distributed by the Majority Text Society, Dallas, Tex., n.d.); ibid., "Dean Burgon and the Received Text" (unpublished paper distributed by the Majority Text Society, Dallas, Tex., 1990).
  20. ^ The Greek New Testament for Beginning Readers: Byzantine Textform (ed. Maurice A. Robinson and William G. Pierpont [Greek text and parsings] and Jeffrey Dodson [lexical data and layout]; Nürnberg: VTR Publications, 2010).
  21. ^ Biblica 56 (1975) 231–240.
  22. ^ Fort Worth: Calar, 1979.
  23. ^ Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1981.
  24. ^ Luther Rice Theological Journal 3 (1985) 6–16.
  25. ^ Computer Chess Reports (Fall-Winter 1986) 114–122.
  26. ^ Faith and Mission 13 (Fall 1996) 66–111.
  27. ^ Faith and Mission 11 (1993) 46–74. [Issued in 1997 but back-dated 1993.]
  28. ^ Faith and Mission 16 (Spring 1999) 16–31.
  29. ^ TC: A Journal of Biblical Textual Criticism 6 (2001). Online: http://purl.org/TC/vol06/Robinson2001.html.
  30. ^ TC: A Journal of Biblical Textual Criticism 7 (2002). Online: http://purl.org/TC/vol07/Robinson2002.html.
  31. ^ Pages 125–39 in Rethinking New Testament Textual Criticism. Edited by David Alan Black. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2002. [A summarized version of the major article published in TC above.]
  32. ^ Filología Neotestamentaria 13 (2000) 35–59.
  33. ^ TC: A Journal of Biblical Textual Criticism 8 (2003). Online: http://purl.org/TC/vol08/Pierpont2003obit.html. [Co-authored with Ken Pierpont.]
  34. ^ Pages 45–67 in The New Testament Text in Early Christianity: Proceedings of the Lille Colloquium, July 2000. Edited by Christian-B. Amphoux and J. Keith Elliott. Histoire du Texte Biblique 6. Lausanne: Éditions du Zèbre, 2003.
  35. ^ Pages 533–86 [Appendix] in The New Testament in the Original Greek: Byzantine Textform 2005. Edited by Maurice A. Robinson and William G. Pierpont. Southborough, MA: Chilton Book Publishing, 2005.
  36. ^ Pages 40–79 in Perspectives on the Ending of Mark. Edited by David Alan Black. Nashville: Broadman and Holman, 2008.
  37. ^ Pages 27–61 in Translating the New Testament: Text, Translation, Theology. Edited by Stanley E. Porter and Mark J. Boda. McMaster New Testament Studies 10. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2009.
  38. ^ Pages 96–110 in Translating the New Testament: Text, Translation, Theology. Edited by Stanley E. Porter and Mark J. Boda. McMaster New Testament Studies 10. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2009.
  39. ^ Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2012. [Co-edited with Mark House.]
  40. ^ Pages 115–45 in The Pericope of the Adulteress in Contemporary Research. Edited by David Alan Black and Jacob N. Cerone. Library of New Testament Studies 551. London: Bloomsbury T. & T. Clark, 2016.
  41. ^ Pages 116–53 in Getting into the Text: New Testament Essays in Honor of David Alan Black. Edited by Daniel L. Akin and Thomas W. Hudgins. Eugene, OR: Pickwick, 2017.
  42. ^ Filología Neotestamentaria 30 (2017): 89–119.
  43. ^ Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS. Nashville, Tenn., March 21, 1986.
  44. ^ Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS. Dayton, Tenn., March 3, 1990.
  45. ^ Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS. Toccoa Falls, Ga., March 8, 1991.
  46. ^ Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS. Collegedale, Tenn., March 1993.
  47. ^ Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS. Louisville, Ky., March 1994.
  48. ^ Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS. Mobile, Al., March 15, 1996.
  49. ^ Paper presented at the 48th annual meeting of the ETS. Jackson, Tenn., November 21, 1996.
  50. ^ Paper presented at the 55th annual meeting of the ETS. Atlanta, Ga., November 19, 2003.
  51. ^ Paper presented at the 56th annual meeting of the ETS. San Antonio, Tex., November 17, 2004.
  52. ^ Paper presented at the 57th annual meeting of the ETS. Valley Forge, Penn., November 16, 2005.
  53. ^ Paper presented at the 58th annual meeting of the ETS. Washington, D.C., November 15, 2006.
  54. ^ Lecture presented to the faculty of the University of Lund. Lund, Sweden, December 12, 2006.
  55. ^ Seminar conducted with the faculty of the University of Lund. Lund, Sweden, December 13, 2006.
  56. ^ Paper presented at the 60th annual meeting of the ETS. Providence, R.I., November 19, 2008.
  57. ^ Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS. Chattanooga, Tenn., April 3, 2009.
  58. ^ Paper presented at the Canadian Bible Society's 2010 international symposium of the Centre for Training and Research in Bible Translation. Montreal, Quebec, May 25, 2010.
  59. ^ Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS. Wake Forest, N.C., March 23, 2012.
  60. ^ Paper presented at the 64th annual meeting of the ETS. Milwaukee, Wisc., November 14, 2012.
  61. ^ Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS. Lynchburg, Va., March 1, 2013.
  62. ^ Paper presented at the 68th annual meeting of the ETS. San Antonio, Tex., November 15, 2016.

External links

  • Robinson, Maurice A. and William G. Pierpont, eds. The New Testament in the Original Greek: Byzantine Textform 2005. Southborough, Mass.: Chilton Book Publishing, 2005.
  • Robinson, Maurice A. "New Testament Textual Criticism: The Case for Byzantine Priority." TC: A Journal of Biblical Textual Criticism 6 (2001).
  • ByzantineText.com, a site hosting many resources related to the Byzantine Text, including articles by Maurice Robinson and others, books, editions, apparatuses, and digital texts and collations of the Greek New Testament.

August 23, 2023
maurice, robinson, maurice, arthur, robinson, born, october, 1947, american, professor, testament, greek, retired, proponent, byzantine, priority, method, testament, textual, criticism, maurice, arthur, robinsonborn, 1947, october, 1947, quincy, massachusettsn. Maurice Arthur Robinson born October 13 1947 is an American professor of New Testament and Greek retired and a proponent of the Byzantine priority method of New Testament textual criticism Maurice Arthur RobinsonBorn 1947 10 13 October 13 1947 age 75 Quincy MassachusettsNationalityAmericanOccupation s Biblical scholar professor textual criticKnown forByzantine priority method of New Testament textual criticismTitleResearch professor of New Testament and Greek retired SpouseRenee GuscottChildrenJean Paul PierreAcademic backgroundEducationB S 1969 M Div 1973 Th M 1975 Ph D 1982 Alma materSouthwestern Baptist Theological SeminaryThesis Scribal Habits among Manuscripts of the Apocalypse 1982 Doctoral advisorJames A BrooksAcademic workDisciplineNew Testament and GreekSub disciplineTextual criticismInstitutionsSoutheastern Baptist Theological SeminaryNotable worksThe New Testament in the Original Greek Byzantine Textform 2005 Contents 1 Background and education 2 Career 3 Interesting facts 4 From reasoned eclectic to Byzantine priorist 5 Magnum opus 6 Publications 7 Papers 8 References 9 External linksBackground and education EditRobinson was born in Quincy Massachusetts to Arthur and Olga Robinson but grew up in Bradenton Florida He earned his B A 1969 in English and secondary education from the University of South Florida M Div 1973 and Th M 1975 from Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary and Ph D 1982 from Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary dissertation Scribal Habits among Manuscripts of the Apocalypse Robinson married Renee Guscott in 1970 Career EditRobinson served as assistant professor of biblical studies and languages at St Petersburg Baptist College 1982 1984 associate professor of biblical studies and languages at Luther Rice Seminary 1985 1991 and then joined the faculty of Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary in 1991 where he served as associate professor 1991 1996 professor 1996 2002 senior professor 2002 2014 and research professor 2014 2016 of New Testament and Greek Robinson also served as pastor of two churches during the years 1985 1991 and 1993 1997 Robinson is best known as a proponent of the Byzantine priority method of New Testament textual criticism This method maintains that when differences appear among the manuscripts of the Greek New Testament the best representation of the original text is usually found in the agreement of most manuscripts that is a consensus text which reflects a unified dominance that permeates the vast majority of manuscripts 1 Robinson is a member of the Evangelical Theological Society 1984 present and has presented over 20 papers at its regional and national meetings see below for a selected bibliography In 2014 on the occasion of Robinson being announced research professor of New Testament and Greek a Festschrift was published in his honor Digging for the Truth Collected Essays regarding the Byzantine Text of the Greek New Testament Norden FocusYourMission Contributors included Timothy Friberg Andrew Wilson Paul Himes Edward Gravely Timothy Finney James Borland Mike Arcieri et al Interesting facts EditIn 1985 1986 Robinson created one of the first publicly available digital editions of the Textus Receptus TR by manually typing out the entire Greek text of Robert Estienne s 1550 edition over a 9 month period in his spare time from teaching duties 2 It was this text once thoroughly proofread and corrected that Robinson in the late 1980s used to create the first free digital editions of Scrivener s TR the Elzevir TR Westcott Hort s text with notations of all variations from the text of Nestle Aland 26th ed and the earliest continuous electronic rendering of the RP Byzantine Textform 2 During the years 1995 1998 Robinson s own spoken word format of the entire Greek New Testament in modified American Erasmian pronunciation was recorded and is available both in various Bible software platforms and online as a free download From reasoned eclectic to Byzantine priorist EditRobinson s move away from reasoned eclecticism to which he still held in writing as late as 1975 3 is traced directly to the influence of noted New Testament textual critic Kenneth W Clark who guided Robinson in a mentored program of study from 1971 to 1977 and was guest supervisor for his Th M thesis 4 Clark s influence on Robinson focused on a skepticism 5 of the necessarily subjective and tendentious nature of reasoned eclecticism the need for a critical history of transmission 6 and the proposition that reasoned eclectic procedure should accept a stronger role for the Byzantine Textform coupled with a strong transmissional historical view 7 At least the first two of these come out clearly in Robinson s Th M thesis where he opined Eclecticism reigns and it has left textual criticism in a state of fluidity O ur objectivity has been surrendered to the whims of individual critics Our feet have become mired and mudbound in the trenches of subjectivity 8 He advocated that critics must determine the history of the transmission of the New Testament text viewed in its total chronological perspective and that the primary value of texttypes is their utilization in reconstructing the history of textual transmission 9 In contrast to his current Byzantine priority stance Robinson stated at the time that it is more likely that the original text itself was what we today would term mixed that a ll known texttypes proceeded from this original mixed form coming into existence as types primarily from local text situations and even that the uncontrolled popular text of the second century corrupted the original Textform with its own scraps of oral tradition and theologically motivated alterations 10 Even then Robinson expressed that the Alexandrian text could have arisen as the first attempt to produce an alternative controlled text against the multiplicity of wild texts which characterized the Western groups 11 a view to which he still holds more than 40 years later 12 Robinson s obsession with constantly evaluating all pertinent transmissional and transcriptional factors in relation to the various aspects of external and internal criteria before making any final decisions regarding the text to be established may be summarized in how he describes his method reasoned transmissionalism 13 As mentioned above the genesis of Robinson s career dedication to reasoned transmissionalism essentially goes back to Clark and is best expressed in Robinson s own words Clark s views written and oral laid the basis for my shift away from reasoned eclecticism to a transmission based hypothesis this ultimately led to my Byzantine priority position Clark s hints and allegations in his published material were enhanced by his private tutelage where he lamented over much of his previous career having focused on reasonable internal and external principles that nevertheless led to faulty conclusions As he expressed to me in the mid 1970s had he been 30 years younger he would chart a new course predicated on transmissional probabilities including the strong view that the autograph text of any New Testament book would more likely be preserved within a single existing texttype rather than amid an eclectic conglomeration drawn from multiple sources Clark suggested that the question of which texttype should be dually established from 1 the likelihood of its archetypal reconstructability and 2 the quantitative and qualitative evidence relating to the transmission and perpetuation of that archetype Clark s final conclusion shocked my reasoned eclectic viewpoint he suggested that the Byzantine Textform to the extent that such could be established in its archetypal form was the most likely candidate for autograph originality against all rival claimants whether favored Greek manuscripts other texttypes or subjective internal factors As Clark told me then I am now too old to explore and delineate this position but you are young and should pursue it That has been my endeavor since approximately 1975 14 Magnum opus EditRobinson s single largest project is the text of the Pericope adulterae PA also Pericope de adultera or the passage of the adulteress John 7 53 8 11 Having examined more than 1750 continuous text manuscripts related to the passage or its perimeter he completely collated the nearly 1500 manuscripts and 500 lectionaries which contain the passage This was done at the Institut fur Neutestamentliche Textforschung in Munster Germany primarily during a 1997 1998 sabbatical leave with briefer visits in the years 1999 2000 and 2005 The computerized data entry of 15 years worth of primary collation material was completed in 2012 as was the volume The Greek Manuscript Witnesses to the Pericope Adulterae A Comprehensive Collation of All Accessible and Readable Continuous text and Lectionary Manuscripts according to the Various Locations in which the Passage is Present 15 Another volume appeared in 2014 A Comprehensive Bibliography of Material relating to the Pericope Adulterae John 7 53 8 11 Various Entries Annotated generally by Direct Quotation from the Source Cited 16 Both volumes including Robinson s original collation documents and handwritten notes may be accessed at the SEBTS library and are preparatory for the final work still in progress The Text of the Pericope Adulterae John 7 53 8 11 3 vols Vol 1 Text and Apparatus Vol 2 The Textual Interrelationships among the Manuscripts which contain the Pericope Adulterae Vol 3 The Archetype of thePericope Adulteraeand its Relationship to the Gospel of John Until these volumes appear two articles by Robinson remain of primary interest in relation to his magnum opus Preliminary Observations Regarding the Pericope Adulterae based upon Fresh Collations of nearly all Continuous Text Manuscripts and all Lectionary Manuscripts containing the Passage 17 and The Pericope Adulterae A Johannine Tapestry with Double Interlock 18 Publications EditRobinson with William Pierpont is most recognized for editing a Greek New Testament based on Byzantine priority principles which previously had been explored formulated and expressed in various papers and publications 19 The Greek text although prepared by Robinson in digital form several years earlier appeared in 1991 in an initial softback edition without accents or breathing marks and was titled The New Testament in the Original Greek according to the Byzantine Majority Textform Atlanta The Original Word Fourteen years later a more elegant edition appeared The New Testament in the Original Greek Byzantine Textform 2005 Southborough MA Chilton Book Publishing a fully accented edition with an apparatus showing every variation of the text from that of the standard Nestle Aland Novum Testamentum Graece 27th ed marginal readings indicating major splits in the Greek manuscript tradition and a 53 page appendix explaining The Case for Byzantine Priority This was followed in 2010 by a corrected Reader s Edition produced in cooperation with Jeffrey Dodson who was responsible for the formatting 20 Some titles of Robinson s other publications include Spermologos Did Paul Preach from Jesus Parables 21 Ruth and Jonah Parsing Guide for the Hebrew Text 22 Indexes to All Editions of Brown Driver Briggs Hebrew Lexicon and Thayer s Greek Lexicon 23 The Significance of the Word אות for Biblical Studies 24 Hype and Nonsense Right and Wrong Ways to Evaluate the Playing Strength of Commercially Available Chess Computers 25 Two Passages in Mark A Critical Test for the Byzantine Priority Hypothesis 26 The Recensional Nature of the Alexandrian Text Type A Response to Selected Criticisms of the Byzantine Priority Theory 27 Investigating Text Critical Dichotomy A Critique of Modern Eclectic Praxis from a Byzantine Priority Perspective 28 New Testament Textual Criticism The Case for Byzantine Priority 29 Crossing Boundaries in New Testament Textual Criticism Historical Revisionism and the Case of Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener 30 The Case for Byzantine Priority 31 Preliminary Observations Regarding the Pericope Adulterae based upon Fresh Collations of nearly all Continuous Text Manuscripts and all Lectionary Manuscripts containing the Passage 32 William Grover Pierpont 26 January 1915 20 February 2003 33 In Search of the Alexandrian Archetype Observations from a Byzantine Priority Perspective 34 The Case for Byzantine Priority 35 Amid Perfect Contempt a Place for the Genuine The Long Ending of Mark as Canonical Verity 36 Rule 9 Isolated Variants and the Test Tube Nature of the NA27 UBS4 Text A Byzantine Priority Perspective 37 The Rich Man and Lazarus Luke 16 19 31 Text Critical Notes 38 Analytical Lexicon of New Testament Greek Revised and Updated 39 The Pericope Adulterae A Johannine Tapestry with Double Interlock 40 It s All About Variants unless No Longer Written 41 Incomplete Truth and Its Consequences A Clarification of the Manuscript Evidence regarding 2 Corinthians 1 6 7 42 Papers EditAt various professional venues but especially those of the Evangelical Theological Society ETS Robinson has presented many papers the titles of some of which are The Credibility of the Majority Text Theory and its Value for Apologetics 43 Majority Text Affirmations and Peter s Denials On Keeping Critical Issues Distinct 44 The Case for the Byzantine Textform A New Approach to Majority Text Theory 45 The Ending of Mark in Codex Vaticanus A Feasible Solution 46 The Recensional Nature of the Alexandrian Text Type A Response to Selected Criticisms of the Byzantine Priority Theory 47 The Conundrum of Acts 12 25 48 The Bondage of the Word Copyright and the Bible 49 Incipit Explicit Lectionary Influence on the Continuous Text Manuscripts belonging to the Byzantine Textform 50 Incomplete Truth and its Consequences A Clarification of the Manuscript Evidence regarding 2 Corinthians 1 6 7 51 The Integrity of the Early New Testament Text A Collation based Comparison utilizing the Papyri of the Second and Third Centuries 52 The Byzantine Portions of Codex Washingtonianus A Centenary Retrospective 53 Misquoting Jesus Bart Ehrman s approach to the New Testament Text 54 The Woman Taken in Adultery in the Temple John 7 53 8 11 55 Eclectic Observations regarding the Current Critical Text 56 Impossible Readings and the Original Text The Case of Acts 4 25 57 The Establishment of an Underlying Base Text with Variant Footnotes as a Necessary Preliminary to Translation and Exegesis 58 The Byzantine Priest Variant at Acts 5 24 59 De facto Conjecture in the Main Text of NA27 A Further Consideration 60 Casual Thoughts regarding some Critical Text Readings A Byzantine Priority Perspective 61 Fifty Years behind the Text Post Retirement Reflections on a Career in NT Textual Criticism 62 References Edit The New Testament in the Original Greek Byzantine Textform 2005 ed Maurice A Robinson and William G Pierpont Southborough MA Chilton Book Publishing 2005 i a b Maurice A Robinson Fifty Years behind the Text Post Retirement Reflections on a Career in NT Textual Criticism paper presented at the 68th annual meeting of the Evangelical Theological Society San Antonio Tex 15 November 2016 6 Maurice A Robinson Textual Interrelationships among Selected Ancient Witnesses to the Book of Acts Th M thesis Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary 1975 conducted his investigation within the framework of reasoned eclecticism Pertinent here are Maurice A Robinson Eclectic Observations regarding the Current Critical Text paper presented at the 60th annual meeting of the ETS Providence R I 19 November 2008 esp 1 5 ibid Fifty Years behind the Text Post Retirement Reflections on a Career in NT Textual Criticism paper presented at the 68th annual meeting of the ETS San Antonio Tex 15 November 2016 The same skepticism is also apparent in Eldon J Epp with whom Robinson shared a meeting and lunch in Cleveland at the urging of Clark and whose following articles he found strongly influential Robinson Fifty Years 5 Eldon J Epp The Twentieth Century Interlude in New Testament Textual Criticism Journal of Biblical Literature 93 1974 386 414 The Eclectic Method in New Testament Textual Criticism Solution or Symptom Harvard Theological Review 69 1976 211 57 New Testament Textual Criticism in America Requiem for a Discipline Journal of Biblical Literature 98 1979 94 98 and A Continuing Interlude in New Testament Textual Criticism Harvard Theological Review 73 1980 131 51 Kenneth W Clark Today s Problems with the Critical Text of the New Testament in Transitions in Biblical Scholarship ed J Coert Rylaarsdam Essays in Divinity 6 Chicago University Press 1968 166 Robinson Fifty Years 3 Robinson Interrelationships 14 Robinson Interrelationships 10 12 Robinson Interrelationships 124 131 Robinson Interrelationships 131 Robinson Fifty Years 5 Maurice A Robinson and William G Pierpont eds The New Testament in the Original Greek Byzantine Textform 2005 Southborough Mass Chilton Book Publishing 2005 xiv Robinson Eclectic Observations 4 5 Unpublished bound volume Wake Forest N C Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary Library 2012 Unpublished bound volume Wake Forest N C Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary Library 2014 Filologia Neotestamentaria 13 2000 35 59 Pages 115 45 in The Pericope of the Adulteress in Contemporary Research Edited by David Alan Black and Jacob N Cerone Library of New Testament Studies 551 London Bloomsbury T amp T Clark 2016 In addition to the first three unpublished papers listed below others include Maurice A Robinson Hort Redivivus A Critique of Gordon Fee in the Light of the Majority Text Theory unpublished paper distributed by the Majority Text Society Dallas Tex 1979 ibid Scribal Habits among Manuscripts of the Apocalypse Ph D diss Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary 1982 ibid Burgon Revisited Another Scrutiny of Vaticanus Blank Space at the End of Mark unpublished paper distributed by the Majority Text Society Dallas Tex n d ibid How Many Manuscripts are Necessary to Establish the Majority Text unpublished paper distributed by the Majority Text Society Dallas Tex 1990 William G Pierpont The Majority Text Notes and How to Use Them in The Interlinear Bible Hebrew Greek English ed Jay P Green 4 vols Baker Book House 1979 4 605 620 ibid What is the Majority Text of the Greek New Testament unpublished paper distributed by the Majority Text Society Dallas Tex n d ibid Burgon s Seven Notes of Truth unpublished paper distributed by the Majority Text Society Dallas Tex n d ibid Dean Burgon and the Received Text unpublished paper distributed by the Majority Text Society Dallas Tex 1990 The Greek New Testament for Beginning Readers Byzantine Textform ed Maurice A Robinson and William G Pierpont Greek text and parsings and Jeffrey Dodson lexical data and layout Nurnberg VTR Publications 2010 Biblica 56 1975 231 240 Fort Worth Calar 1979 Grand Rapids Baker Book House 1981 Luther Rice Theological Journal 3 1985 6 16 Computer Chess Reports Fall Winter 1986 114 122 Faith and Mission 13 Fall 1996 66 111 Faith and Mission 11 1993 46 74 Issued in 1997 but back dated 1993 Faith and Mission 16 Spring 1999 16 31 TC A Journal of Biblical Textual Criticism 6 2001 Online http purl org TC vol06 Robinson2001 html TC A Journal of Biblical Textual Criticism 7 2002 Online http purl org TC vol07 Robinson2002 html Pages 125 39 in Rethinking New Testament Textual Criticism Edited by David Alan Black Grand Rapids Baker 2002 A summarized version of the major article published in TC above Filologia Neotestamentaria 13 2000 35 59 TC A Journal of Biblical Textual Criticism 8 2003 Online http purl org TC vol08 Pierpont2003obit html Co authored with Ken Pierpont Pages 45 67 in The New Testament Text in Early Christianity Proceedings of the Lille Colloquium July 2000 Edited by Christian B Amphoux and J Keith Elliott Histoire du Texte Biblique 6 Lausanne Editions du Zebre 2003 Pages 533 86 Appendix in The New Testament in the Original Greek Byzantine Textform 2005 Edited by Maurice A Robinson and William G Pierpont Southborough MA Chilton Book Publishing 2005 Pages 40 79 in Perspectives on the Ending of Mark Edited by David Alan Black Nashville Broadman and Holman 2008 Pages 27 61 in Translating the New Testament Text Translation Theology Edited by Stanley E Porter and Mark J Boda McMaster New Testament Studies 10 Grand Rapids Eerdmans 2009 Pages 96 110 in Translating the New Testament Text Translation Theology Edited by Stanley E Porter and Mark J Boda McMaster New Testament Studies 10 Grand Rapids Eerdmans 2009 Peabody MA Hendrickson 2012 Co edited with Mark House Pages 115 45 in The Pericope of the Adulteress in Contemporary Research Edited by David Alan Black and Jacob N Cerone Library of New Testament Studies 551 London Bloomsbury T amp T Clark 2016 Pages 116 53 in Getting into the Text New Testament Essays in Honor of David Alan Black Edited by Daniel L Akin and Thomas W Hudgins Eugene OR Pickwick 2017 Filologia Neotestamentaria 30 2017 89 119 Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS Nashville Tenn March 21 1986 Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS Dayton Tenn March 3 1990 Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS Toccoa Falls Ga March 8 1991 Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS Collegedale Tenn March 1993 Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS Louisville Ky March 1994 Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS Mobile Al March 15 1996 Paper presented at the 48th annual meeting of the ETS Jackson Tenn November 21 1996 Paper presented at the 55th annual meeting of the ETS Atlanta Ga November 19 2003 Paper presented at the 56th annual meeting of the ETS San Antonio Tex November 17 2004 Paper presented at the 57th annual meeting of the ETS Valley Forge Penn November 16 2005 Paper presented at the 58th annual meeting of the ETS Washington D C November 15 2006 Lecture presented to the faculty of the University of Lund Lund Sweden December 12 2006 Seminar conducted with the faculty of the University of Lund Lund Sweden December 13 2006 Paper presented at the 60th annual meeting of the ETS Providence R I November 19 2008 Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS Chattanooga Tenn April 3 2009 Paper presented at the Canadian Bible Society s 2010 international symposium of the Centre for Training and Research in Bible Translation Montreal Quebec May 25 2010 Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS Wake Forest N C March 23 2012 Paper presented at the 64th annual meeting of the ETS Milwaukee Wisc November 14 2012 Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS Lynchburg Va March 1 2013 Paper presented at the 68th annual meeting of the ETS San Antonio Tex November 15 2016 External links EditRobinson Maurice A and William G Pierpont eds The New Testament in the Original Greek Byzantine Textform 2005 Southborough Mass Chilton Book Publishing 2005 Robinson Maurice A New Testament Textual Criticism The Case for Byzantine Priority TC A Journal of Biblical Textual Criticism 6 2001 ByzantineText com a site hosting many resources related to the Byzantine Text including articles by Maurice Robinson and others books editions apparatuses and digital texts and collations of the Greek New Testament Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Maurice A Robinson amp oldid 1132427351, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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